High-pressure phase transition and behavior of protons in brucite Mg(OH)2: a high-pressure–temperature study using IR synchrotron radiation

 Infrared absorption spectra of brucite Mg (OH)₂ were measured under high pressure and high temperature from 0.1 MPa 25 °C to 16 GPa 360 °C using infrared synchrotron radiation at BL43IR of Spring-8 and a high-temperature diamond-anvil cell. Brucite originally has an absorption peak at 3700 cm⁻¹, which is due to the OH dipole at ambient pressure. Over 3 GPa, brucite shows a pressure-induced absorption peak at 3650 cm⁻¹. The pressure-induced peak can be assigned to a new OH dipole under pressure. The new peak indicates that brucite has a new proton site under pressure and undergoes a high-pressure phase transition. From observations of the pressure-induced peak under various P–T condition, a stable region of the high-pressure phase was determined. The original peak shifts to lower wavenumber at −0.25 cm⁻¹ GPa⁻¹, while the pressure-induced peak shifts at −5.1 cm⁻¹ GPa⁻¹. These negative dependences of original and pressure-induced peak shifts against pressure result from enhanced hydrogen bond by shortened O–H···O distance, and the two dependences must result from the differences of hydrogen bond types of the original and pressure-induced peaks, most likely from trifurcated and bent types, respectively. Under high pressure and high temperature, the pressure-induced peak disappears, but a broad absorption band between 3300 and 3500 cm⁻¹ was observed. The broad absorption band may suggest free proton, and the possibility of proton conduction in brucite under high pressure and temperature. Received: 16 July 2001 / Accepted: 25 December 2001     

雪峰山西侧盆山过渡带震旦系—下古生界 油气远景区预测与评价

通过油气地质调查和综合研究认为,雪峰山西侧盆山过渡带震旦系—下古生界可能发育3套主要的生储盖组合及1套次要生储盖组合;可能存在原生型油气藏等4种油气藏。依据生储盖及其组合发育特征、保存条件、油气显示、构造圈闭及油气系统分析,初步优选出利川—恩施、石门—桑植、仁怀—金沙、武隆—道真4个有利含气远景区,以及湄潭—思南、黄平—麻江2个较有利含气远景区。这些认识成果,为深入开展雪峰山西侧地区有利油气勘探目标区块优选和评价奠定了重要的基础。     

构造转换带制约下的砂体富集效应：以平湖斜坡孔雀亭区平湖组为例

构造转换带是油气藏勘探开发研究的重要领域,分布在多种类型的挤压或伸展盆地中。基于转换带的理论基础,认为同沉积时期其对砂体的汇聚具有显著的控制作用。平湖斜坡带孔雀亭地区平湖组处于断拗转换期,厘清该时期同沉积断裂体系所组成的构造转换带如何控砂控相,对下步勘探开发具有重要意义。基于三维地震资料解释和录井资料研究,通过构造样式、断裂体系与生长指数梳理,厘清孔雀亭地区平行、共线与叠覆三种转换带类型;同时,转换带控制洼隆相间古地貌的形成,进而控制沉积砂体在近断裂转换点且可容纳空间大的地势低洼区卸载与富集,发育形成坡积扇、前缘水下扇和复合砂坝等沉积微相。根据古地貌特征、转换带类型与沉积砂体的匹配关系,厘定挠曲型平行转换带控砂模式、雁列型共线转换带控砂模式和扭动改造型叠覆转换带控砂模式。其中,挠曲型平行转换带与雁列型共线转换带聚砂效果最为显著。论文工作为后续构造—岩性油气藏勘探提供一定经验。     

Amphibolites from Panama: anticlockwise P-T paths from a Pre-upper Cretaceous metamorphic basement in Isthmian Central America

Rocks from the metamorphic basement of the Azuero and Sona peninsulas, Panama, consist of schistose amphibolites and minor amounts of metasediment. In the Sona peninsula, strongly zoned amphiboles indicate that the amphibolites followed a progressive anticlockwsie P-T path prograde from low T /low P to medium T /high P , and are retrograded into the greenschist facies. In contrast, the amphibolites of the Azuero peninsula are affected by a low to medium T /low P metamorphism.
The metamorphic events of the Sona amphibolites occurred prior to the intra-Senonian tectonic phase which affects the Mesozoic formations along the Pacific coast of Costa Rica and Panama. The regional significance of such a basement in Isthmian Central America is discussed.     

Localisation and phase transition of acoustic waves in a soft medium containing air bubbles

We study via numerical experiments the localisation property of an acoustic wave in a viscoelastic soft medium containing randomly-distributed air bubbles. The behaviours of the oscillation phases of bubbles are particularly investigated in various cases for distinguishing efficiently the acoustic localisation from the effects of acoustic absorption caused by the viscosity of medium. The numerical results reveal the phenomenon of `phase transition' characterized by an unusual collective oscillation of bubbles, which is an effective criterion to unambiguously identify the acoustic localisation in the presence of viscosity. Within the localisation region, the phenomenon of phase transition persists, and a remarkable decrease in the fluctuation of the oscillation phases of bubbles is observed. The localisation phenomenon will be impaired by the enhancement of the viscosity factors, and the extent to which the acoustic wave is localised may be determined by appropriately analyzing the values of the oscillation phases or the amount of reduction of the phase fluctuation. The results are particularly significant for the practical experiments in an attempt to observe the acoustic localisation in such a medium, which is in general subjected to the interference of the great ambiguity resulting from the effect of acoustic absorption.     

镍酸钐研究进展及其用于海洋电场传感器的可行性分析

海洋电场信号被广泛用于海底以下地质构造、水体目标探测、物理海洋和海洋物理特性分析等研究领域,收集海洋电场信号有重要的科学价值,其中海洋电场传感器是其测量媒介。近年来,钙钛矿型复合氧化物作为新型材料成为研究热点,镍酸钐是钙钛矿复合氧化物中性能比较特殊的一个,具有金属—绝缘体相变特性,在海水中稳定性强,对低频电场信号敏感度高,有望成为新型海洋电场传感器的电极材料。国内外学者对镍酸钐进行了一些研究,主要集中于镍酸钐的电学特性尤其是金属—绝缘体相变特性、光学特性及其制备流程。本文对上述研究内容进行了系统综述,并对镍酸钐用于海洋电场传感器的可行性进行了初步探讨。     

多岛弧盆系构造模式:认识大陆地质的关键

本文在对以青藏高原为主体的东特提斯30多年来的地质调查和研究实践基础上,通过与现今西南太平洋区域弧盆构造体系的对比研究,提出了适合于板块构造登陆的现实主义替代模型-多岛弧盆系构造模式。大洋岩石圈与大陆岩石圈之间的多岛弧盆系构造模式是板块构造登陆的入门向导,是认识大陆地质演化的关键。基于该模式研究认为,特提斯大洋最初开始于Rodinia超大陆解体的晚前寒武纪晚期,比太平洋体系更老。青藏高原形成受控于不同时期大陆边缘多岛弧盆系构造演化,一系列弧后或弧间盆地消亡、弧-弧或弧-陆碰撞的岛弧造山作用实现大陆边缘增生。该现实主义模式即可成功地解释青藏高原的形成演化过程,亦可为现在和将来特提斯构造域与亚洲大陆的地质工作所检验。多岛弧盆系构造的识别与深入研究不仅在造山带具有强大的生命力,能够全面解剖造山带的物质组成、结构构造与演化历史,而且对于分析前寒武纪大陆克拉通基底的形成也具有重要启示。     

我国热带气旋研究十年进展

使用中国气象局热带气旋年鉴、FY-2云顶亮温资料、常规观测资料及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对两个路径相似北上深入内陆,发生变性并直击黑龙江省的1215号超强台风“Bolaven（布拉万）”和1913号超强台风“玲玲（Lingling）”特征和降水差异进行对比分析。结果表明：（1）两次台风暴雨过程均与中尺度锋生有关。较强冷空气侵入促使“布拉万”西北侧锋区强烈锋生,深厚的上升运动形成中尺度对流区,降水强度大,使其变性快,移动慢。（2）“玲玲”北上到相同纬度时具有更大的强度,更深厚的湿层和低层更大的比湿,但由于仅有扩散南下的弱冷空气侵入台风环流,使其变性慢,移动快,台风中心北侧锋生作用弱,降水强度和范围均较小。（3）对流结构和降水强度有较大差异,“布拉万”云系东侧减弱消散,西侧和北侧与冷空气相互作用触发对流;“玲玲”云系结构基本维持不变,中尺度对流云团出现在台风中心及中心北部。（4）“布拉万”过程,大气具有强对流不稳定性,暴雨区域内对流活跃,强降水持续时间长。“玲玲”北上时,仅在低层有弱对流不稳定,对流较弱,强降水持续时间较短。暴雨区低层对流不稳定、中层湿对称不稳定,有利于强降水的维持和发展。

     

塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘过渡带紫外辐射和总辐射特征

利用塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘沙漠-绿洲过渡带肖塘地区2011年直接探测的辐射资料,对该地区紫外辐射、总辐射状况进行了初步分析。结果表明:紫外辐射、总辐射年变化位相基本相同,年曝辐量分别为242.62、5441.31 MJ\5m-2,分别比塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地少21%、10%,年平均日曝辐量分别为0.68、15.35 MJ\5m-2。总辐射辐照度最大值为1329.6 W\5m-2,紫外辐射辐照度最大值为62.7 W\5m-2,出现在6月。沙尘暴对紫外辐射的减弱作用最明显,扬沙次之,浮尘减弱作用最小。紫外辐射日平均曝辐量占总辐射日平均曝辐量的3.36%～7.25%,年平均曝辐量占4.45%。     

华南地区地幔过渡带结构及其动力学意义

华南地区同时受特提斯构造域和太平洋构造域影响, 是研究板块相互作用的最佳场所之一.为研究华南地区深部动力学过程, 本文基于国家固定台网30°N以南的宽频带台站数据, 利用接收函数方法开展了华南地区地幔过渡带结构研究, 并结合已有地质、地球物理资料, 讨论了华南地区深部构造单元划分及其浅部构造响应.研究结果表明: (1)扬子克拉通下方地幔过渡带结构接近全球平均水平, 相对稳定; (2)海南岛地区地幔过渡带厚度偏薄, 且410-km和660-km界面分别显著下沉和上升, 可能与海南地幔柱密切相关; (3)太平洋构造域和特提斯构造域深部构造边界显著, 青藏高原东南缘主要受特提斯构造域影响, 其地幔过渡带中可能残留有拆沉的岩石圈板片; (4)雪峰山以东地区的地幔过渡带主要受太平洋构造域影响, 但南北也存在局部差异, 南部华夏地块下方可能不存在滞留板片, 太平洋板块的俯冲、后撤与东南沿海地区地壳减薄和大规模出露的中-新生代岩浆岩密切相关.