青海盐湖资源综合利用

着重介绍了青海盐湖水氯镁石 (MgCl2 ·6H2 O)的综合利用。从水氯镁石中可开发的产品有金属镁、镁合金、多品种氧化镁、镁砂、高纯镁砂、轻质碳酸镁、多品种轻质氧化镁及镁水泥。根据青海盐湖的特点 ,探讨了生产上述产品 ,青海盐湖的水氯镁石 (MgCl2 ·6H2 O)按什么方法来生产是最佳方法的问题。     

湖泊沉积物不同粒级组分的元素含量特征及其环境指示意义①——以内蒙古黄旗海为例

黄旗海湖泊柱状沉积物的全样、77~20 μm、<20 μm粒级的钛(Ti)、锰(Mn)、锶(Sr)、銣(Rb)、钡(Ba)、锆(Zr)等元素含量分析表明,元素在湖泊沉积物各粒级组分的丰度存在较大差异:Ti、Zr倾向于在粗颗粒中富集,Mn、Sr、Rb倾向于在细颗粒中富集,Ba的富集粒级不明显。Ti、Zr与Mn、Rb的颗粒粒级富集倾向可能是其硅酸盐矿物颗粒碎化过程的结果,而Sr则与湖泊自生碳酸盐有关。元素比值Zrc/（Rbc+Bac）、Zrc/Rbc与Ti、Zr的粒度效应Tic/Tif、Zrc/Zrf指示了沉积物重、轻矿物的相对比率,是流域侵蚀强度与湖泊涨缩的信息指示;Ba、Rb与Sr在细粒级的含量之比Baf/Srf、Rbf/Srf指示了硅酸盐与碳酸盐矿物的相对含量,是流域风化、侵蚀搬运强度与湖泊过程（包括物理/化学/生物）等混合信息指示,没有明确的环境指向性。     

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠纪延长期湖水分布特征及演化规律

利用Fisher图解求取了延长期可容空间变化,结合露头、岩芯、测井等资料在延长组内识别出了6期三级湖泛层（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ）,并对其进行了识别和对比。在此基础上,研究了与湖泛层Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ相对应的长7、长4+5、长3、长2的湖水分布特征及整体演化规律。最后,通过各期湖泛层沉积厚度中心分布特征探讨了延长湖盆沉积洼陷的分布和演化问题,认为延长湖除长7存在一个大的沉积洼陷外,其它各期是多个沉积洼陷同时存在的、且其沉积洼陷整体逐渐向东北部迁移的坳陷型湖盆。     

堰塞湖溃坝控制和人工排险技术

首先阐述堰塞湖溃坝控制与人工排险的内容、原则和方案.在此基础上分析堰塞湖应急处置中安全监测的原则和内容,以及泄流、渗流控制、滑动体加固等应急工程措施适用性.最后讨论冲切和坝体稳定泄流的工程设计与应急转移措施.     

山西解池卤虫品系的特征及其投喂对虾幼体的饵料效果分析

本文观测了一种新近发现的卤虫品系——山西解池硫酸盐湖卤虫品系。这是一种两性生殖卤虫,其雌/雄约为1/0.8,其卵和无节幼体明显比孤雌生殖卤虫的小,孵化率约75%。可直接将盐度为270‰的湖水中的卤虫移入盐度为32‰的自然海水中,存活良好。其无节幼体投喂对虾幼体的饵料效果良好,存活率达60—70％。     

巢湖沉积物粒度特征与沉积环境

利用巢湖湖底柱样沉积物的粒度资料分析了巢湖湖底沉积物粒径的组成、大小等粒度特征;初步探讨了柱样采样点位置的沉积环境及其沉积过程,以期能为巢湖流域恢复过去环境变化提供参考。通过对沉积物粒度实验分析发现,巢湖靠近河口地区的沉积物粒度在深度上变化幅度大,颗粒物相对较粗,而在湖心位置,沉积物随深度变幅小、连续性好,沉积物的颗粒细。两者的差别分别反映了它们之间不同的沉积环境。     

Ingestion rates and grazing impact of the brackwater mussel Brachidontes virgiliae in Lake St Lucia,iSimangaliso Wetland Park,South Africa

Bivalves feed on a combination of phytoplankton and zooplankton and have the potential to impact considerably the planktonic biomass, especially when they occur in high densities, such as in oyster and mussel beds. The brackwater mussel Brachidontes virgiliae is numerically dominant during wet phases within Africa’s largest estuarine lake, St Lucia, in the iSimangaliso Wetland Park on the east coast of South Africa. The ingestion rates and potential grazing impact of this small mussel (maximum shell length = 2.5 cm) were estimated for both the wet and dry seasons using an in situ gut fluorescence technique. Ingestion rates were higher during the wet season (5.78 µg pigment ind.^?1 d^?1) than during the dry season (4.44 µg pigment ind.^?1 d^?1). This might be explained by the increased water temperature and food availability during the wet season. Because of the patchy distribution of mussel populations, there could be higher localised grazing impact near mussel aggregations. Results showed a potential grazing impact of up to 20 times the available phytoplankton biomass at specific sites. These high grazing impacts have the potential to deplete phytoplankton stocks in the lake, especially during wet phases in the northern reaches, where mussel densities are highest. This needs to be factored into ecological models of Lake St Lucia, because the system might function differently during increased flood events.     

Seasonal distribution of organic matter and copper under stratified conditions in a karstic,marine, sulfide rich environment (Rogoznica Lake,Croatia)

Closed, isolated small systems, as the representatives of a “unique-environmental feature”, are valuable natural laboratories for studying different biogeochemical processes. The saline Rogoznica Lake (“Dragon Eye”), situated on the Eastern Adriatic coast is such a system (10 276 m², 15 m deep) typical of many stratified, sulfide rich water bodies. The depth of mixolimnion changes seasonally and it is greatly influenced by meteorological conditions, i.e. temperature and rainfall. Vertical mixing usually occurs during winter when cold, oxygen-rich water from the surface sinks downwards.     

Differences in trophodynamics of commercially important fish between artificial waterways and natural coastal wetlands

Extensive artificial waterways have replaced natural wetlands and created new estuarine habitats on the southern Queensland coast, Australia. Economically important fish species found in adjacent natural wetlands of mangrove, saltmarsh and seagrass also occur in the artificial waterways. Stable isotope analyses (δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N) were used to test whether the relative importance of basal sources of energy varied for foodwebs found in artificial (canals and tidal lakes) and natural waterways. None of the fish species differed in their isotope values between artificial waterways. In contrast, isotopic signatures of snub-nosed garfish (Arrhamphus sclerolepis; Hemiramphidae) varied greatly between natural and artificial waterways, having highly enriched δ¹³C values (−10.5‰) in natural wetlands, demonstrating reliance on seagrass (−11.4‰), and significantly less enriched values (−19.0‰) in artificial waterways, consistent with either local algal sources (−19.8 to −20.4‰) or a mixture of seagrass and other less enriched autotrophs from adjacent natural wetlands. Isotopic signatures of sand whiting (Sillago ciliata; Sillaginidae) were also significantly more enriched in natural (−18.2‰) than artificial (−21.0‰) habitats, but means were not far enough apart to distinguish between different sources of nutrition. δ¹³C values of yellowfin bream (Acanthopagrus australis; Sparidae) did not differ between artificial and natural habitats (about −20‰ in both). δ¹⁵N values of fish varied among habitats only for A. sclerolepis, which in artificial waterways had values enriched by 2‰ over those in natural waterways. This was consistent with a shift from seagrass (relatively depleted δ¹⁵N) as a source in natural habitat to algal sources (relatively enriched δ¹⁵N) in artificial habitats. This study provides some of the first evidence that at least some fish species rely on different autotrophs in artificial waterways than in adjacent natural wetlands.     

东昌湖水环境管理对策初探

本文在系统分析了东昌湖水环境管理存在的问题的基础上,提出了改善东昌湖水质和水量的保障对策,首先建立统一有效的水环境管理机构,明确各职能部门的管理职责;其次,制定水环境管理办法,建立公众参与机制;第三,制定科学的开发利用与保护规划;第四,加强东昌湖水环境科学研究,包括社会经济协调发展的优化技术、湖泊补水水质生态净化技术与...