Diagenetic Evolution and Formation Mechanisms of High-Quality Reservoirs under Multiple Diagenetic Environmental Constraints: An Example from the Paleogene Beach-Bar Sandstone Reservoirs in the Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

The diagenetic environment, diagenetic responses, diagenetic transformation model and formation mechanisms of high-quality reservoirs (beach-bar sandstones of the Paleogene fourth member) in the Dongying depression were studied through the analysis of fluid inclusions, thin section and burial evolution history. The diagenetic fluids of the beach-bar sandstone reservoirs evolved from early high salinity and weak alkalinity to low salinity and strong acidity, late high salinity and strong alkalinity and late low salinity and acidity, which were accompanied by two stages of oil and gas filling. The fluids at the margins of the sandbodies were continuously highly saline and strongly alkaline. The western (eastern) reservoirs experienced early open (closed), middle open, and late closed diagenetic environments during their burial history. The flow pattern was characterized by upwelling during the majority of the diagenesis (in the east, a non-circulating pattern transitioned into an upwelling current). Due to the evolution of the diagenetic fluids, the diagenetic sequence of the beach-bar reservoirs was as follows: early weak carbonate cementation; feldspar and carbonate cement dissolution and authigenic quartz cementation; late carbonate and anhydrite cementation, authigenic feldspar cementation, and late quartz dissolution; and late carbonate cementation, feldspar dissolution, and authigenic quartz cementation. The diagenetic strength during these stages varied or was absent altogether in different parts of the reservoirs. Due to the closeness of the diagenetic environment and the flow pattern of the diagenetic fluids, the diagenetic products are variably distributed in the sandstones interbedded with mudstones and in the fault blocks. The evolution of multiple alternating alkaline and acidic diagenetic environments controlled the distribution patterns of the reservoir diagenesis and reservoir space, and the reservoir quality index, RQI, increased gradually from the margins to the centers of the sandstones. The closeness of the diagenetic environment and the flow patterns of the diagenetic fluids controlled the differences in the reservoir properties among the fault blocks. With increasing distance from the oil-source faults, the RQI values in the west gradually decreased and in the east initially increased and then decreased.     

辽宁省兴城河流域地下水库建设方式研究

兴城市地处辽西走廊中部,素有"渤海明珠"之美誉,具有旅游疗养的优越条件。本文从地下拦水坝工程;地表拦水坝和引渗工程;地下水开采工程及管理监测系统等方面论述了地下水库设计方案。对地下水库建成后的库容量进行了计算。     

物探方法在水库坝基渗漏勘探中的应用

近年来物探方法在坝基勘探、活断层探测、溶洞探测和基础检测等工程中得到广泛应用,并取得了令人瞩目的成绩。本文介绍了在某水库坝基渗漏勘探开展物探工作的情况,取得了满意的结果,表明应用多种物探方法对解决工程问题具有较好的效果。     

文克尔地基模型下液化土桩基水平振动响应分析

在桩基顶部承受竖向荷载作用的条件下,将完全液化后的上层土体视为流体,将桩基等效为欧拉-伯努利梁模型,探讨了桩底嵌固时桩基顶部的水平振动阻抗。运用流体动力方程模拟顶部液化土层的运动,运用文克尔地基模拟下部非液化分层土的运动。结合传递矩阵法,利用液化土与非液化分层土交界面处的位移、转角和内力连续条件,得到桩基顶部和底部的相关位移?内力表达关系式。根据桩基底部的嵌固条件,求得桩顶阻抗的表达式。与已有文献解进行对比,验证了分析过程的正确性。对阻抗影响条件进行参数分析,表明液化深度、轴力和流体密度大小对桩顶阻抗有不同的影响。     

Origin of Gold—Bearing Fluid and Its Initiative Localization Mechanism in Xiadian Gold Deposit,Shandong Province

The composition of quartz inclusions and trace elements in ore indicate that gold-bearing fluid in the Xiadian gold deposit,Shandong Province,stemmed from both mantle and magma,belonging to a composite origin.Based on theoretical analysis and high temperature and high pressure experimental studies,gold-bearing fluid initiative localization mechanism and the forming environment of ore-host rocks are discussed in the present paper.The composite fluid extracted gold from rocks because of its expanding and injecting forces and injecting forces and flew through ore-conducive structures,leading to the breakup of rocks.The generation of ore-host faults and the precipitation of gold-bearing fluid occurred almost simultaneously.This study provides fur-ther information about the relationships between gold ore veins and basic-ultrabasic vein rocks and intermediate vein rocks,the spatial distribution of gold ore veins and the rules governing the migration of ore fluids.     

韧性剪切带内流体作用及成分变化与体积变化

韧性剪切带中的大量流体活动,影响了变形机制和矿物成分的变化。由于流体的渗透,造成某些元素的迁移,形成剪切带的物质成分变化和体积变化。流体与岩石的相互作用则是剪切带发展过程中的重要作用。应用成分变化计算体积变化已成为研究的热点问题     

通地-1井绳索取心钻探施工技术

近年来,小口径岩心钻探技术在油气勘探中得到了广泛应用,施工中经常遇到钻孔超径孔内事故多发、孔斜超差孔底位移较大、冲洗液性能不稳定等问题。利用小口径绳索取心钻探技术施工通地-1井油田地质调查孔,通过优化钻进参数、合理确定钻孔结构、采取有效防止孔斜措施等技术手段,顺利完成钻孔施工任务,钻孔各项指标均达到了地质设计要求。     

南秦岭凤县八方山一八卦庙Pb-Zn与Au矿化的共生／共存关系研究

南秦岭晚古生代凤县一太白盆地是在扬子地台北缘早古生代被动大陆边缘发展起来的具裂陷性质的盆地，处在秦岭微板块当中，在盆地内既产有八卦庙超大型金矿也产有八方山一二里河大型铅锌矿床，是铅锌与金矿床共生／共存的一个典型地区。两种矿床在地质背景、产出层位和成矿特征等方面具有某些关联，铅锌矿层产在中泥盆统古道岭组灰岩与上泥盆统星红铺组变泥质岩过渡层位的铁白云石一钠长石一硅质热水沉积岩系中，金矿体位于上泥盆统星红铺组底部，由含石英细脉多期变形的蚀变钠长石、铁白云石粉砂岩等热水沉积岩系构成。硅同位素组成反映金矿床中存在两类不同来源的硅，一类是钠长石岩和顺层石英细脉的硅同位素组成（δ^30Si=-0．40％。-0．32％。），与铅锌含矿层中硅质岩的硅同位素组成相似，硅质与热水沉积作用相关，另一类是金矿体中的穿层石英脉，其硅同位素反映硅来自晚期岩浆流体；铅锌矿床硫化物中硫同位素（δ^34S：6．03‰-16．88‰）反映硫主要来自海底热水沉积，形成于盆地早期开放体系；金矿石中硫化物硫同位素组成（δ^34S=4．10‰-15．40‰）反映硫主要为地层硫，形成于盆地晚期半封闭一封闭体系；铅同位素组成反映盆地内由西坝岩体→泥盆系地层→铅锌矿石→金矿石铅同位素演化有幔源成分减少，壳源成分增加的趋势；氢、氧同位素数据揭示出铅锌矿成矿流体中的水来自于大气降水，金矿则具多源性，包括岩浆水、大气降水和变质水。研究认为泥盆纪海底热水沉积作用形成了铅锌矿层的主体，也使金（银、铜）在热水沉积岩系中明显富集，而中生代造山过程中的构造一流体作用使金矿体定位。金与铅锌的共生／共存关系，受控于这种成矿地质过程及流体化学、物理化学演化。金与铅锌的这种时空关系可作为已知矿床深部勘查和外围找矿的依据。     

流花11-1油田礁灰岩油藏储层非均质性及剩余油分布规律

结合流花11-1油田的岩芯、测井、地震、开发动态等资料总结了礁灰岩油藏沉积、成岩及构造等因素造成的储层非均质特征,引入的储层非均质综合指数,可更快速、直观地揭示了剩余油的分布规律.分析了控制剩余油分布规律的地质因素和开发因素.根据储层非均质性的综合研究成果,指出了剩余油潜力区;在潜力区部署的侧钻井生产情况较好,研究成果得到了验证.该研究思路对类似油田储层非均质性的表征与剩余油分布的预测有较好的借鉴作用.     

辽宁小塔子沟金矿床地球化学特征及找矿方向

岩石和矿石中的Au含量和稀土元素特征表明,小塔子沟金矿的矿质来源比较复杂,热液流经太古宙变质杂岩和花岗斑岩、闪长玢岩等脉岩时,从中获得金等成矿物质,并且北大山二长花岗岩形成时活化转移的金等成矿物质,也为成矿提供了物质来源。Au/Ag比值和（As+Sb）-（Cu+Pb+Zn）图解显示,北大山二长花岗岩提供了成矿所需热源,已发现的主要矿体都在该花岗岩南部,距北大山二长花岗岩南1~3 km范围是寻找新的平行富矿体的最有利地段。规模最大的1号矿脉,成矿温度变化区间比较宽（160~400℃）,流体的盐度（w（NaCl））变化范围也大（0%~9%）,沸腾作用明显;而在规模较小的矿脉中,温度比较高（280~400℃）,盐度（w（NaCl））比较低（<5%）。