Noble Gases in the Lunar Regolith

The most fundamental character of lunar soil is its high concentrations of solar-wind-implanted elements, and the concentrations and behavior of the noble gases He, Ne, Ar, and Xe, which provide unique and extensive information about a broad range of fundamental problems. In this paper, the authors studied the forming mechanism of lunar regolith, and proposed that most of the noble gases in lunar regolith come from the solar wind. Meteoroid bombardment controls the maturity of lunar soil, with the degree of maturation decreasing with grain size; the concentrations of the noble gases would be of slight variation with the depth of lunar soil but tend to decrease with grain size. In addition, the concentrations of noble gases in lunar soil also show a close relationship with its mineral and chemical compositions. The utilization prospects of the noble gas ^3He in lunar regolith will be further discussed.     

Contact-metamorphic effect on parameters for kerogen maturation

This study examines the effect of contact metamorphism by an igneous dyke on parameters for kerogen maturation, such as elemental composition (H/C, O/C, N/C), ¹H-NMR T₁, vitrinite reflectance and infrared spectra. Although elemental composition and ¹H-NMR T₁ of the kerogen changed only within 1.5 and 5.0 m from the dyke respectively, vitrinite reflectance of the kerogen was thermally affected beyond 10.0 m from the intrusion. It is concluded that vitrinite reflectance is the most sensitive of the parameters evaluated to assess thermal stress of kerogens.     

腐殖煤干酪根裂解气主生气成熟度上限探讨

烃源岩主生气成熟度上限的确定对含气盆地天然气资源量评价和主生气阶段的确定具有重要的意义。对不同成熟度的15个腐殖煤样开展了生气热解实验和氢、碳、氧元素含量测定,生气热解实验是在800℃高温下进行,结果表明低成熟度煤总产气率最高,随着成熟度的增加,产气率逐渐降低,在Ro为0.6%~2.3%范围内的煤产气率降低幅度很大,从61m3/吨.TOC降到11m3/吨.TOC,在Ro达到2.3%之后煤产气率很低,随着成熟度的增加,产气率缓慢降低。不同成熟度煤的H/C值也呈现相似的变化规律,在Ro<2.3%的煤中,H/C值随成熟度的增加快速降低,在此之后,H/C值缓慢降低,因此,认为Ro=2.3%为腐殖煤的干酪根裂解气主生气成熟度上限。     

岩石圈深部温压条件下萜烷演化的实验研究

在密闭体系中700℃、压力高达3 GPa条件下进行褐煤加水的模拟实验,分析实验产物中的萜烷的变化规律,进而对高压高温下有机质演化进行研究.实验结果表明,相同压力条件下,温度升高有利于有机质的成熟演化;压力增加会抑制或延迟油气的生成和有机质成熟;五环三萜烷ββ生物构型转化为αβ地质构型所需能量比烯烃双键加氢饱和更高.高温超高压条件下,研究样品中C24四环萜烷存在4种同分异构体,含量由高到低依次包括10β(H)-降A-羽扇烷、10p(H)-降A-奥利烷、C24-17,21-断藿烷和10β(H)-降A-乌散烷.高碳数烷烃在地幔高压力条件下仍可以存在,这为认识超压盆地的油气资源与深层油气成藏及保存提供了新的思路.     

日本对虾人工越冬促熟及育苗技术的研究

本试验是利用海捕日本对虾，根据它的生活习性和生态特点，在室内水泥池内采用模仿自然条件，在不损害其生理机能的情况下，尽可能满足其性腺成熟所需要的生理生态条件的方法，即在自然水温下，采用弱光（在501X以内），雌雄比1：1，池底铺砂（铺砂面积占全面积的1/2，厚度为10～20cm）以及投喂新鲜牡蛎等进行人工越冬促熟。本试验，越冬的水温最低为14．2℃；比重为1．0215～1．0240；pH为8．0～8．5；亲虾越冬池为15m×2m×1m。其结果：越冬亲虾的存活率为85％；成熟率为74％；亲虾的产卵量为15×144～30×104粒；受精率为95％以上；孵化率为90％～95％。试验表明，不采用切除眼柄的方法，同样可达到日本对虾性腺成熟的目的；个体较大（20cm以上），其成熟率和存活率都较高，产卵量亦较多，因此应选用个体大的对虾进行越冬促熟，效果较好。本试验进行了日本对虾生产性育苗，其育苗工艺与其它虾种大同小异。育苗时，幼体的饵料应多样化；当变态进入Z2时，就兼投少量的刚孵出的卤虫幼体，能提高幼体的存活率。采用本方法进行越冬促熟，操作和管理方便，易于在生产上推广应用。