旅游发展对古村落村民公民性建构的影响——以开平古碉楼群为例

中国古村落是一个相对稳定和封闭的微社会,但当古村落作为世界文化遗产地得到旅游开发后,新的经济方式的介入以及大量游客的进入,对古村落村民的思想、生活等产生了重大冲击。研究发现,世界文化遗产地开平碉楼群随着旅游开发程度的不同,所在地村民呈现出公民性的差异。研究借助所建构的“公民性”指标,在证明旅游作为3个已开发古村落的主要经济驱动力的情况下,指出旅游开发越充分的古村落,村民的公民性越强。从而揭示出旅游作为一种改变古村落经济模式的主要驱动力,在中国3个地理位置毗邻、治理模式一致、风土民情相似的古村落中,因其发展带来了“公民性”普世伦理的出现。该研究回答了“公民性”这一普世的人类文明标尺在中国传统社会中产生的过程和机制,研究价值层面或对中国尚显薄弱的道德地理学的发展具有一定裨益。     

清代科尔沁农耕北界的变迁

根据清代对蒙政策及其对蒙施土地垦殖的影响，结合当时科尔沁建置的时空特征，恢复了清代科尔沁土地垦殖典型时期的农耕北界，发现：清代科尔沁农耕北界具有两次显著的北跃，其中，农垦的第一次扩展是在18世纪末到20世纪初的“请旨招垦”时期，导致农耕北界从清代初期的“柳条边墙”北上至今长春-四平-昌图以及敖汉、翁牛特旗南部，哲里木盟东南部、卓索图盟大部以及昭乌达盟南部变成农牧并以逐为主的交错区，农耕的第二次发展是在清末时期，农垦推到洮儿河下游及西辽河两岸地区，此时的农耕北界北起黑龙江大庆县，经白城西、通辽北、开鲁县到林西县，今吉林省西部、辽宁省北部以及西辽河沿岸地带发展成为以农为主的农牧交错区，事实证明：清朝对蒙政策及其变化是导致科尔沁农耕北界跃变的主要驱动因子之一，是科尔沁农牧交错区形成的重要人文条件。     

Proximity,subjectivity, and space: Rethinking distance in human geography

This paper critically reviews the current status of the concept of distance in human geography in order to argue that recent experimentally-driven work in construal-level theory offers ample opportunities for recasting distance as a key geographical trope. After analysing the four entangled dimensions of distance revealed by construal-level theory (spatial distance; temporal distance; social distance; and hypothetical distance), the paper articulates this research program from experimental psychology with geographical work on non-representational theory, geographical imaginations/imaginative geographies, learning as a geographical process, TimeSpace theorising, and ontogenetic understandings of space. It is argued that the subjective understanding of distance afforded by construal-level theory can rescue distance from its entrenched association with positivistic geography and spatial analysis.     

女性主义地理学观及其思想史意义

论文从本体论、认识论和方法论3个层面讨论了女性主义地理学观的建构,并说明了女性主义地理学对更新地理学观的意义,以及对当代主流人文地理学思潮的潜在影响。在本体论层面上,女性主义地理学一直直面西方传统社会文化思想中的等级制性别化二元论,建构了主张女性和男性在建构社会及社会空间中具有交互性关系的本体论。在认识论和方法论层面上,女性主义地理学证明了女性及其空间在西方社会中处于弱势的认识论和方法论根源,动摇了实证主义地理学认识论和方法论中永恒性、普遍性、客观性的预设,阐释了地理学认知过程中情感等主观因素的可靠性,并建构了“去中心化”的认识论和方法论框架。无论在本体论还是在认识论和方法论层面上,当前的女性主义地理学主流思潮都有一定的中和性色彩,这一倾向使女性主义地理学在地理学观演进,以及以人文地理学思想为代表的地理学思想演进中,都具有重要的位置。西方女性主义地理学的兴盛,与其直面西方的社会文化思想根源问题不无关联。在中国女性主义地理学开始发展的当下,注重分析中国女性及其空间问题产生的社会文化思想根源,将有助于中国女性主义地理学的发展,并提升其潜在的价值。     

Major sporting events and geographies of disability

Major sporting events for athletes with disabilities have become part of a strategic agenda to create positive social legacies for those typically marginalized in their communities. These events are subject to strict guidelines set forth by the International Paralympic Committee to deliver broad-based accessibility. In some cases, changes to accessibility are temporary, wherein other upgrades remain as permanent fixtures for venues, transportation, and public spaces. However, the temporality at the heart of major event projects can also work against long-term, sustainable improvements to the material conditions persons with disabilities face as they experience the urban realm. In this paper, we draw upon case studies of the Glasgow 2014 Commonwealth Games and the Toronto 2015 Parapan American Games to explore the value of major sporting events in delivering urban accessibility improvements and offer a critical commentary on the limitations of the event project to herald sustainable change.     

Quantitative Revolution 2: The Critical (Re)Turn

Although many have questioned the adequacy of quantitative methods for addressing issues of concern in critical geographies, such as social justice and inequality, many have argued that quantification can potentially make rich contributions to understanding and addressing these issues. In light of the recent attempts to reassert the critical potential and positive role of quantitative geography, we suggest in this introductory article for the Focus Section that the antagonism between critical and quantitative geographies is not beneficial to the discipline. We highlight some promising developments in modern quantitative geography and reflect on the ways in which the critical–quantitative binary can be at least partially eclipsed. We emphasize that knowledge in quantitative methods is essential for deciphering and challenging regressive political agendas, now often supported by numbers and quantitative analysis. Quantitative geography, when integrated with a critical sensibility and used appropriately, can be a powerful tool for fostering progressive social and political change.     

Making Space for Community-Engaged Scholarship in Geography

Geography has a long tradition of community-engaged research and teaching. Conventional institutional and departmental norms in many U.S. universities and colleges, however, often discourage such engaged scholarship and teaching, especially among junior faculty. We argue that geographers are well poised to unravel society's twenty-first-century intractable problems if engaged scholarship is more intentionally supported. As community geographers in junior faculty positions at research-intensive universities, we discuss our experiences with placing community engagement at the core of our scholarship, highlighting opportunities for a more robust integration of engaged scholarship in academic geography.     

Emerging Geographies of Conservation and Indigenous Land in Australia

International examples of interactions between Indigenous peoples and the new conservation paradigm come mainly from developing countries and suggest divisions over priorities. As a Western settler society, Australia is at a critical time in conservation and Indigenous peoples' rights. Innovative approaches to conservation are promoted. The role and influence of non-governmental organisations is increasing. Indigenous peoples' rights to land are recognised and Indigenous involvement in conservation is growing. Yet, despite Australia being considered a leader in these arenas, particularly the latter, there has been little analysis of the relationship between innovative approaches to conservation and Indigenous Australians under the new paradigm. This paper describes how the spatial manifestations of approaches under the new conservation paradigm and Indigenous land in Australia are creating new geographies. We identify geographies of overlap, dichotomy and absence. The paper identifies research needs into these geographies, including: examining the influence of ‘recognition’ in engagements between conservation and Indigenous Australians; investigating the impacts of approaches under the new paradigm such as scaling-up, territorialism and differing governance structures on Indigenous Australians; and questioning the social responsibilities of the non-governmental organisations towards Indigenous Australians.     

Out there and in here: studying Eastern Europe in the West

This paper seeks to explore the challenge of studying geographies of Eastern Europe in Western Europe. It reflects on the growing relationships – imagined and material – between Eastern and Western Europe and engages in contemporary debates over 'relational geographies' to make a case for geographies which imagine our plural, European spatial connections, which connect different parts of the continent and which encourage the re-examination and renegotiation of ideas across East and West in the post-Cold War world. In these ways, the paper borrows from postcolonial frameworks and the ongoing reassessment of area studies to call for studies of Eastern and Western Europe which reinvigorate our "sense of Europe".     

Maintaining family values? Cleansing the streets of sex advertising

The Criminal Justice and Police Act 2001 makes it an offence to place an advertisement for sex work in public telephone boxes. In this paper, I discuss the background to this Act, exploring the reasons why the presence of sex advertising in a public space has provoked a classic piece of 'moral panic' legislation. Highlighting the role of this new legislation in policing the boundaries between public and private space, the paper thus engages with key debates in social and cultural geography concerning the maintenance of socio–spatial order.