基于地理国情普查的国土空间宜居性评价——以北京市为例

2013年第一次全国地理国情普查工作正式启动,为了使普查成果更好地服务于社会,本文对北京市国土空间宜居性进行评价。基于地理国情普查成果数据和社会经济数据,应用层次分析法,定量计算宜居性在社会发展、经济发展、生态环境、资源承载、基础设施和公共安全六个子系统得分,最后计算综合得分。西城、朝阳和海淀区宜居性排在前三。通过研究,社会发展、经济发展、基础设施和生态环境对宜居性得分贡献最大,而公共安全与资源承载是宜居性最弱的两项,为了提高区域综合宜居性,需要格外重视这两方面的平衡发展。     

大别山榴辉岩氢氧同位素组成及其地球动力学意义

碧溪岭榴辉岩石至少经历了５个阶段的变质作用，矿物对氧同位素地质测温结果与通过岩石学方法计算的温度吻合得非常好，表明碧溪岭榴辉岩体中大部分同位素体系接近或达到平衡，且退变质作用未明显破坏这种平衡，榴辉岩全岩δ＾１８Ｏ为３‰～５‰指示其母岩玄武岩曾与地表水在变质作用之前发生过一定程度的交换作用。     

青藏高原昆仑山和羊八井现今地应力测量及其工程意义

对青藏高原昆仑山和羊八井的地应力实测结果表明，昆仑山的最大水平主应力量值为6.8-12.9MPa；羊八井的最大水平主应力值为3.3-10.4MPa，总体来看，昆仑山的应力值比羊八井高。与中国其他地区表层地应力测量结果比较，从区域应力分析角度来看是属于高应力区。它们的最大主应力方向与NE和NEE。这与青藏高原大陆动力学研究的结论是一致的。此外，结合工程地质调查结果，对青藏铁路昆仑山隧道和羊八井隧道群的有关问题进行了讨论。     

An accurate and efficient SPH modeling of the water entry of circular cylinders

The present work is dedicated to the enhancement and application of the recently developed δ⁺-SPH scheme for two and three dimensional water entry problems. The cylinder surface presents a circular shape and therefore the position where the flow separation happens is tightly related to the implementation of the boundary condition. A special treatment for the particle shifting between fluid and solid wall is highlighted. Adaptive particle refinement (APR) is applied in this work to reduce the computational cost. It is found that, APR and the δ⁺-SPH scheme benefit to each other. That is to say the former reduces the computing cost of the latter while in return the latter solves the problem of particle disorder of the inactive particles of the former. Thanks to the combination of APR and δ⁺-SPH especially in three dimensional (3D) cases, the overall computational cost is significantly reduced while sufficiently fine particle resolution can be obtained in the flow region characterized by large pressure gradient close to the structure surface. The fairly good agreements between the SPH results and the experimental data prove the present SPH model to be a reliable tool in accurately solving the fluid–structure interacting problems in ocean engineering.     

论山东省矿山地质环境现状及存在问题

山东省是矿产资源大省,资源储量丰富,开采历史悠久,开发强度较大。矿产资源的开发在保障经济社会发展的同时,也引发了较多的矿山地质环境问题,破坏了局部生态环境,影响了人民生产生活。为推进生态山东、美丽山东建设步伐,谋划一个时期内的矿山地质环境保护与治理工作,根据国土资源部等五部局的统一部署,2017年山东省率先在全国开展了山东省矿山地质环境详细调查工作,共完成高精度遥感解译157 900km~2,矿山地质环境调查34 290km~2,调查矿山9 672座,水土样测试各200余件,取得了大量翔实的矿山地质环境调查数据。该文在深入分析调查成果的基础上,高度概括了由于矿产资源开采引发的地形地貌景观破坏、采煤塌陷、非煤矿山采空区及废弃矿井、占压土地资源等主要矿山地质环境问题的分布、规模、危害和治理工作开展等情况;客观剖析了山东省地质环境保护与治理存在的主要问题;科学预测了矿山地质环境保护与治理工作发展趋势,并针对性地提出了对策建议。     

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DRY AND WET SUMMER IN THE VERTICAL MOTION ON NORTH SIDE OF QINGHAI-XIZANG PLATEAU AND THE THERMAL IMPACT OF PLATEAU*

To better analyse and understand the causes of Northwest China(NW China) arid climate formation,firstly the dry and wet standards were chosen and the yearly dry and wet grades on the north side of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(hereafter NSQXP) in summers were classified utilizing the rainfall data of five stations over the area in June-August of 1952-1990.Then the differences between the vertical motion over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(QXP) and NSQXP in dry and wet summers were comparatively analyzed using the ECMWF's gridded data of June-August of 1979-1986.Finally the connection between the QXP surface thermal condition and the dry and wet summers on the NSQXP was discussed as well.The main results are the following:(1)the dry and wet standards taking the rainfall standard deviation as criterion are suitable for the arid climate area;(2)the QXP may be,to some extent responsible for the environment background of Middle Asia,NW China and North China arid climate areas;(3)there are the striking differences between the dominant vertical motion over the QXP and NSQXP in the dry and wet summers of NSQXP:(4)the QXP surface thermal condition is to a great extent,responsible for the year-to-year variation of NW China arid climate as well.     

内蒙古哈达门沟金矿床成矿条件及控矿因素

介绍了哈达门沟金矿床的基本特征,通过对矿源层、金活化迁移的条件和动力、富集成矿的空间进行分析,指出了矿床形成条件及控矿因素。为下一步该区的地质找矿指出了方向。     

样本条件对加卸载响应比计算结果的影响分析

基于随机 Posson 模型和Gutenberg-Richter 关系, 构造在10年尺度内样本量从300到5000的若干组模拟地震数据,计算分析各种样本条件下的加卸载响应比Y 时间进程变化。结果表明,计算样本的震级上限M_t 相对于logN-M 关系中拟合线性外推最大震级M_T 的变化对Y的异常分布有一定影响,其影响随地震样本量从小到大而明显减小。当滑动计算时间窗内地震样本为几十个量级, M_t 取为M_T -1.5(或至2. 0)时,随机出现Y 大于2.0的高值异常分布频度明显降低。而当地震样本量达到上百个以上量级, M_t 取为M_T-0. 0(或0. 5)时, Y大于2.0的高异常值随机出现频度即极低。在实际地震资料的Y计算中若注意Mt 的选取后,其结果的稳定性和异常的可信度将得到显著提高。     

临川市城区土地利用地质条件初析

在较全面地阐述了临川市城区土地利用地质条件的基础上,分析了其中的有利因素和限制性因素,并提出了有关土地利用地南条件评价和分区的初步设想。     

沙坡头地区风沙土的水热状况

对多年监测资料的研究表明:流动风沙土稳定含水量为2%~3%,凋萎湿度为0.54%,相对有效水分多,对植物生长有利。天然植被下的固定风沙土,在35~40cm以下土层水量减少至1%~2%;人工植被下的固定风沙土水分条件更差,在3m深土层,除降雨后的短时间内,0~60cm土层含水量稍高外,无雨时段,3m深土层的含水量是1%~2%,甚至小于1%。这种水分状况导致多年生深根植物逐渐衰退,适应性一年生草本植物侵入。