康古尔塔格硅灰石矿床地质特征与成矿条件分析

作者首次在该区找到了硅灰石矿。在专题研究基础上，分析了区域地层、构造、岩浆活动和硅灰石矿床地质特征等，提出该硅灰石矿主要产于康古尔断裂带内的花岗岩与碳酸盐地层接触带，属矽卡岩型硅灰石矿。对区内花岗岩、碳酸盐地层、矽卡岩、大地构造等硅灰石成矿条件作了分析，初步提出了该矿主要应用领域为建筑陶瓷工业。     

材料科学和地质学的发展及前景(英文)

材料科学可定义为一门涉及化学、物理学、矿物学、地质学、冶金学和合成材料等领域的科学。“工具制造者的人类” ,主要是使用石器 ,并由此而增进了其智能的发育。燧石、石灰岩中氧化硅富集体提供了制作武器和工具的材料 ,土壤则可用于制陶业和陶瓷业。材料科学主要是由研究工业矿物演化而来 ,它与地质学的关系密切 ;合成材料以其特殊的性能满足了人们的需求。火和压力在处理天然材料的工艺发展中起着头等作用 ;金银铜铁及其它金属能用作装饰品、防御武器和制造工具。有些金属的使用显示了人类各历史时期的特点。人们后来发现某些结晶体具有特殊的性质 ,如石英的压电性、红宝石激光 ,钻石和刚玉的高硬度 (可用作磨料 ,将来仍具开发潜力 )。合成材料和在太空合成的材料具有远大前景 (如碳的同素异形体carbyne car bynoid)。在材料科学中 ,特种玻璃 ,硬而防火的陶瓷、磨料、特殊耐火材料 ,只不过是材料科学中业已开发的几种工艺矿物而已。材料科学的发展对于现代文明和解决人类当今和未来所遇到的各种问题都极其重要。与世界人口增长相关的问题 ,可以通过科学、绿色革命和生物技术 ,以及一切天然资源的合理开发来解决 ,这将有助于避免“南北对抗”。肯定地说 ,材料科学及其未来的发展 ,会有助于人类去应付     

河南冷水北沟铅锌银矿床流体包裹体研究及矿床成因

河南栾川冷水北沟铅锌银矿床位于华北克拉通南界栾川断裂北侧。矿床赋存于中-晚元古代浅变质碎屑岩建造中,受断裂控制,矿体呈脉状;矿石主要由金属硫化物,少量石英和碳酸盐组成;围岩蚀变和成矿过程分为4个阶段,以石英- 黄铁矿组合(Ⅰ阶段)、黄铁矿-闪锌矿组合(Ⅱ阶段)、多金属硫化物(Ⅲ阶段)和碳酸盐(Ⅳ阶段)为标志。包裹体研究表明,成矿流体为含 CH_4的碳水体系,盐度为0.22～13.8 wt% NaCl eqv.。从早到晚,流体包裹体均一温度为420℃～340℃(Ⅰ)、370℃～280℃(Ⅱ)、320℃～260℃(Ⅲ)和<260℃(Ⅳ)。Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段的流体盐度低于8 wt% NaCl eqv.,Ⅲ阶段增高至13.8 wt%NaCl eqv.,甚至偶见子晶。Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段的流体包裹体均一压力分为两组,即180～200MPa 和70～80MPa,代表着深约8km 的静水与静岩压力系统的共存或交替;Ⅲ阶段只有70～80MPa 一组压力,指示开放环境注入的静水压力体系。Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段静岩与静水压力系统的交替现象完全吻合于断层阀模式,含 CH_4的 CO_2-H_O 流体的脉动沸腾消耗了流体成矿系统热能,并使盐度不断增高、成矿。该认识可被Ⅱ阶段广泛存在的沸腾流体包裹体组合证明,也与流体包裹体成分类型、矿物共生组合特征、矿石组构的规律演化相一致。以上表明,冷水北沟是一个典型的形成于碰撞造山挤压向伸展转变期的造山型 Pb-Zn-Ag 矿床实例,成矿机理可由碰撞造山成岩成矿与流体作用模型(即 CMF 模式)所解释。     

陕西八卦庙金矿成矿流体初步研究

流体包裹体可以探讨金属矿床的形成机理和矿化规律,含金石英脉是研究成矿流体的重要载体。八卦庙金矿包裹体比较发育,主要为液体包裹体、含 CO_2包裹体,其次是气体包裹体。成矿流体温度变化范围是146℃～467℃,成矿早阶段的温度为370℃～400℃;主成矿阶段的温度集中在190℃～280℃,平均约250℃;成矿晚阶段的温度集中在130℃～160℃。成矿流体包裹体类型主要为 Na~ -Cl~-型,少数属于 Ca~(2 )-Na~ -Cl~-(-SO_4~(2-)-F~-)型。计算得到流体体系的酸碱度为弱酸性(pH值=5.6～5.8),硫逸度分布范围是-9.551～-19.265(平均-15.430),氧逸度分布范围是-46.011～-40.303。金主要以[Au(HS)_2]~-的形式迁移,其次以[AuS]~-形式迁移,在成矿活动过程,随温度的下降和压力的降低,伴有沸腾-减压过程,是成矿溶液发生卸载的重要机制。     

矿物材料应用于香烟过滤嘴降害的研究现状与展望

总结了近几十年来包括活性炭、沸石、蒙脱石、海泡石、麦饭石、凹凸棒石、氧化铝、氢氧化钠、明矾、纳米材料等矿物材料作为卷烟滤嘴添加剂以去除烟气中有毒有害物质的研究和实验应用及效果。实验结果和市场调查表明,活性炭是减少卷烟危害最快、香烟市场应用增长最快的过滤嘴添加剂。从降低卷烟有害成分的比例和成本等综合因素来看,铝硅酸盐类滤嘴和多材料复合滤嘴亦有很好的应用前景和市场需求,应积极进行研制。     

内蒙古赛乌素金矿稳定同位素组成特征及成因意义

内蒙古赛乌素金矿是产于中-新元古代白云鄂博群变质碎屑岩中的石英脉型金矿,矿床稳定同位素地球化学特征表明,成矿热液来源复杂,可能有岩浆水和大气降水的混合作用;成矿早期的硫来自花岗岩浆,成矿晚期的硫有一部分可能来自地层,铅同位素特征表明铅来自地幔,因此推断成矿物质主要来自于岩浆活动.     

Evaluation of Simultaneous Analyte Leaching/Vapour Phase Introduction for Direct Osmium Isotope Ratio Measurements in Solid Samples by Double-Focusing Sector Field ICP-MS

The analytical performance of a method for Os isotope ratio measurement by double‐focusing, sector field ICP‐MS (ICP‐SFMS) was evaluated. The method is based on several optimised, concurrent processes: Os extraction from samples in hot concentrated nitric acid; separation of Os from the digest solution by the formation of volatile osmium tetroxide accelerated by continuous hydrogen peroxide addition; transport of analyte vapour by an oxygen flow into the ICP; and isotopic determination by ICP‐SFMS. Due to the very efficient utilisation of analyte (approaching 0.5‰), Os isotope ratio measurement could be performed at low pg levels. Combined with an ability to process sample sizes up to 2 g (up to 50 g if the organic matrix of biological or botanical samples is eliminated by ashing), materials with Os concentrations in the low, or even sub pg g^?1 range could be determined by this method. Given that two complete digestion/distillation systems were available for interchangeable use, throughputs of up to fifteen samples per 8 hour shift could be achieved. The method precision, evaluated as the long‐term reproducibility of ¹⁸⁷ Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratio measurements in a commercial Os reference sample containing 0.5 ng Os, was 0.16% relative standard deviation (RSD, 1s). The method has been applied to perform replicate ¹⁸⁷ Os/¹⁸⁸ Os ratio measurements on a suite of fifty reference materials of various origins and matrix compositions, with Os concentrations varying from < 0.1 pg g^?1 to > 100 ng g^?1, yielding an average precision of 3% RSD. Though none of the materials tested are certified for Os content or Os isotope composition, comparison of the obtained data with published Os isotope information for similar sample types revealed close agreement between the two. The method can also be used for the simultaneous, semi‐quantitative determination of Os concentrations.     

Determination of Bromine and Iodine in Twenty-three Geochemical Reference Materials by ICP-MS

Trace amounts (from nanogram to microgram levels) of bromine and iodine were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in twenty-three geochemical reference materials issued by the GSJ, USGS, IAEA etc. The pyrohydrolysis technique was used to separate bromine and iodine from samples analysed in the form of powder. The accuracy and precision of the experimental values were assessed by the comparative analysis of well established reference materials such as USGS AGV-1, BCR-1 and IGGE GBW07312. The measured values agreed well with reported values within a 10% error range. We also report reliable new data for these elements in these geochemical reference materials.     

应变组合的地质意义及其分解实例

以分析递进变形序列为主线,论述了主有限应变和增量应变的内部旋转所组合的应变扇形区的空间展布。结合发育于剪切带中的一个微细粒浸染型金矿的找矿实际,指出该理论的野外应用方法。     

General absorbing boundary conditions for dynamic analysis of fluid-saturated porous media

General absorbing boundary conditions based on Biot's two-phase mixture theory and paraxial approximation is presented for the dynamic analysis of fluid-saturated porous media with isotropic, transverse isotropic, and anisotropic properties. For the last two cases, the equivalent Lame's constants, under conditions of uniqueness, are introduced to facilitate the analytical solutions. The numerical results show that the proposed absorbing boundary can greatly suppress spuriously reflected waves and efficiently model the far field of the system with sufficient accuracy.