柴北缘鱼卡榴辉岩型金红石矿床金红石矿物学、元素地球化学及成因

鱼卡金红石矿床是青海省境内发现的第一个超大型榴辉岩型金红石矿床。笔者在总结前人基础资料及详细野外地质矿产调查的基础上,通过榴辉岩岩石学及金红石矿物学研究,利用LA-ICP-MS法对该矿床中的金红石进行原位微量元素分析等。结果表明:金红石赋存状态主要有五种,即包裹结构、粒间结构、串珠状结构、退变残余结构、丝缕状出溶结构,其中以粒间和串珠状赋存状态产出时,含矿性最好。同时,变质阶段的差异、流体活动的强弱将影响金红石的赋存状态。流体活动越弱时,野外表现为榴辉岩的新鲜程度越高、且少或不发育长英质脉体、矿物越自形,则越有利于形成粒间和串珠状金红石富矿;折返过程中流体或熔体作用过强、野外表现为广泛发育长英质脉体、榴辉岩中矿物呈他形产出时,则金红石已经退变为钛铁矿和榍石。总结前人的地球化学和年龄数据表明:富集地幔源区、演化程度高、陆壳混染程度低的富钛基性原岩是鱼卡榴辉岩型金红石矿床主要物质来源,高压(超高压)变质作用促进了钛的进一步富集成矿,成矿年代集中在440～430Ma。金红石锆温度计显示的成矿温度主要在570～671℃之间,金红石中高场强元素Ti、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等富集,表明其可能形成于俯冲带环境。这些成因认识等将为柴北缘成矿带榴辉岩型金红石矿床的进一步找矿工作部署、勘查评价及突破提供了重要的理论支撑与借鉴。     

酸雨石等5种常用吸盐材料的盐碱土壤改良效果研究

以黑龙江省大庆市林甸县长青林场3个不同小区为实验地,分别采用酸雨石等5种吸盐材料对不同小区盐碱土壤进行改良,根据改良后土壤pH、导电率变化,对不同材料的盐碱土壤改良效果进行比较。研究表明,短期内吸盐速率:酸雨石活性炭腐熟牛粪沸石稻壳,长期吸盐量:酸雨石活性炭沸石稻壳腐熟牛粪,效果持久性为酸雨石最强,活性炭、沸石次之,稻壳较弱,腐熟牛粪最弱。酸雨石解碱能力最强,活性炭次之,沸石、牛粪、稻壳解碱能力较弱。因此,酸雨石在5种盐碱土改良剂中具有最强吸盐解碱能力。     

Mg Isotope Interlaboratory Comparison of Reference Materials from Earth‐Surface Low‐Temperature Environments

To enable quality control of measurement procedures for determinations of Mg isotope amount ratios, expressed as δ²⁶Mg and δ²⁵Mg values, in Earth‐surface studies, the δ²⁶Mg and δ²⁵Mg values of eight reference materials (RMs) were determined by interlaboratory comparison between five laboratories and considering published data, if available. These matrix RMs, including river water SLRS‐5, spring water NIST SRM 1640a, Dead Sea brine DSW‐1, dolomites JDo‐1 and BCS‐CRM 512, limestone BCS‐CRM 513, soil NIST SRM 2709a and vegetation NIST SRM 1515, are representative of a wide range of Earth‐surface materials from low‐temperature environments. The interlaboratory variability, 2s (twice the standard deviation), of all eight RMs ranges from 0.05 to 0.17‰ in δ²⁶Mg. Thus, it is suggested that all these materials are suitable for validation of δ²⁶Mg and δ²⁵Mg determinations in Earth‐surface geochemical studies.     

NIST RM 8301 Boron Isotopes in Marine Carbonate (Simulated Coral and Foraminifera Solutions): Inter‐laboratory δ11B and Trace Element Ratio Value Assignment

The boron isotopic ratio of ¹¹B/¹⁰B (δ¹¹B_SRM951) and trace element composition of marine carbonates are key proxies for understanding carbon cycling (pH) and palaeoceanographic change. However, method validation and comparability of results between laboratories requires carbonate reference materials. Here, we report results of an inter‐laboratory comparison study to both assign δ¹¹B_SRM951 and trace element compositions to new synthetic marine carbonate reference materials (RMs), NIST RM 8301 (Coral) and NIST RM 8301 (Foram) and to assess the variance of data among laboratories. Non‐certified reference values and expanded 95% uncertainties for δ¹¹B_SRM951 in NIST RM 8301 (Coral) (+24.17‰ ± 0.18‰) and NIST RM 8301 (Foram) (+14.51‰ ± 0.17‰) solutions were assigned by consensus approach using inter‐laboratory data. Differences reported among laboratories were considerably smaller than some previous inter‐laboratory comparisons, yet discrepancies could still lead to large differences in calculated seawater pH. Similarly, variability in reported trace element information among laboratories (e.g., Mg/Ca ± 5% RSD) was often greater than within a single laboratory (e.g., Mg/Ca < 2%). Such differences potentially alter proxy‐reconstructed seawater temperature by more than 2 °C. These now well‐characterised solutions are useful reference materials to help the palaeoceanographic community build a comprehensive view of past ocean changes.     

Tourmaline Reference Materials for the In Situ Analysis of Oxygen and Lithium Isotope Ratio Compositions

Three tourmaline reference materials sourced from the Harvard Mineralogical and Geological Museum (schorl 112566, dravite 108796 and elbaite 98144), which are already widely used for the calibration of in situ boron isotope measurements, are characterised here for their oxygen and lithium isotope compositions. Homogeneity tests by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) showed that at sub‐nanogram test portion masses, their ¹⁸O/¹⁶O and ⁷Li/⁶Li isotope ratios are constant within ± 0.27‰ and ± 2.2‰ (1s), respectively. The lithium mass fractions of the three materials vary over three orders of magnitude. SIMS homogeneity tests showed variations in ⁷Li/²⁸Si between 8% and 14% (1s), which provides a measure of the heterogeneity of the Li contents in these three materials. Here, we provide recommended values for δ¹⁸O, Δ’¹⁷O and δ⁷Li for the three Harvard tourmaline reference materials based on results from bulk mineral analyses from multiple, independent laboratories using laser‐ and stepwise fluorination gas mass spectrometry (for O), and solution multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectroscopy (for Li). These bulk data also allow us to assess the degree of inter‐laboratory bias that might be present in such data sets. This work also re‐evaluates the major element chemical composition of the materials by electron probe microanalysis and investigates these presence of a chemical matrix effect on SIMS instrumental mass fractionation with regard to δ¹⁸O determinations, which was found to be < 1.6‰ between these three materials. The final table presented here provides a summary of the isotope ratio values that we have determined for these three materials. Depending on their starting mass, either 128 or 512 splits have been produced of each material, assuring their availability for many years into the future.     

辽宁省桃源铅锌矿床成矿物质来源——硫、铅同位素组成特征

桃源铅锌矿床是辽东青城子矿集区中部新发现的一个中型铅锌矿床,矿体赋存于古元古界辽河群大石桥组,受地层和断裂控制明显。目前缺乏针对该矿床的成矿物质来源研究,导致对矿床成因认识不清。本文在详细野外调研和室内镜下观察的基础上,系统地研究了桃源铅锌矿床的硫、铅同位素特征。分析结果显示：桃源铅锌矿床中硫化物的δ³⁴S值区间为3.5‰~8.9‰,平均为5.5‰,显示了具有幔源硫的特征;铅同位素²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb和²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb分别为17.969~18.309（均值为18.076）、15.572~15.669（均值为15.617）和38.222~38.371（均值为38.312）,μ值变化范围为9.46~9.62（均值为9.55）,绝大多数低于地壳正常值。在铅同位素判别图解上位于上地壳与地幔铅同位素演化线之间,显示了具有壳幔混合的特点。桃源铅锌矿床的硫、铅同位素组成与青城子铅锌-金银矿集区和印支期岩体类似,成矿热液来自深部岩浆,与辽河群围岩的硫、铅同位素分布有明显的不同。因此,初步认为桃源铅锌矿床是与深部岩浆流体活动有关的岩浆热液型铅锌矿床。     

"深部地质作用及战略性关键矿产"专辑特邀主编寄语 ——深部过程与地表响应

"向地球深部进军是我们必须解决的战略科学问题"是习近平总书记提出的重要论断,也是国家对地学工作者提出的新要求.深部地质作用地球行星作为载体在太阳恒星系统及其更大尺度空间综合作用的结果.从短周期的月球-地球作用的潮汐,到地球-太阳作用的四季更替,再到较大尺度的冰期-间冰期更替,乃至更大周期,无一不影响到地球自身,诸如膨胀-收缩,海平面升降,活火山爆发与宁静,成灾-成矿/成藏,生存环境的毁灭与再造,深刻地影响着我们地球家园的生态环境.战略性关键矿产多受控于深部地质作用.金刚石产在金伯利岩-钾镁煌斑岩-橄榄玄武岩中,新能源矿产铀矿产于深源断裂控制的火山岩或砂岩中,锂-铷-铯和铌-钽-锆-铪等稀有金属多产于深源流体控制的伟晶岩中,金、银、铂族元素、钴、铼等稀贵金属多受控于深源流体,稀土元素多产于深源的碳酸岩-碱性杂岩中.这些矿产大多数对于新兴产业是必不可少的原料.同时,深部地质作用及其浅部产物是人类认识地核-地幔物质组成的窗口.战略性关键矿产历史性地将深部地质作用研究的重任交给地学工作者.近年来,多家科研单位、高等院校和地勘单位对深部地质作用及相关的战略性关键矿产开展了地质调查和科学研究,在金伯利岩、钾镁煌斑岩、玄武岩等深部地质作用和金刚石、贵金属、铀矿、稀土稀有稀散矿产等成矿作用等方面取得了一系列新进展.为了更好地推动深部地质作用和战略性关键矿产相关的学术研究和应用转化应用,服务国家需求,《地球学报》组织了"深部地质作用及战略性关键矿产"专辑,服务于深部探测和战略性关键矿产(金刚石、铀矿、稀土-稀有-稀散-稀贵金属)相关研究和勘查工作的专家、学者.     

In Situ Oxygen Isotope Determination in Serpentine Minerals by SIMS: Addressing Matrix Effects and Providing New Insights on Serpentinisation at Hole BA1B (Samail ophiolite,Oman)

The ability to constrain the petrogenesis of multiple serpentine generations recorded at the microscale is crucial for estimating the extent and conditions of modern versus fossil serpentinisation in ophiolites. To address matrix bias effects during oxygen isotope analysis by SIMS, we present the first investigation analysing antigorite in the compositional range Mg# = 77.5–99.5 mole %, using a CAMECA IMS‐1280 secondary ion mass spectrometer. Spot‐to‐spot homogeneity is ≤ 0.5‰ (2s) for the new antigorite reference materials. The relative bias between antigorite reference materials with different Mg/Fe ratios is described by a second‐order polynomial, and a maximum difference in bias of ~ 1.8‰ was measured for Mg# ~ 78 to 100. We observed a bias up to ~ 1.0‰ between lizardite and antigorite attributed to their different crystal structures. Orientation effects up to ~ 1‰ were observed in chrysotile. The new analytical protocol allowed the identification of oxygen isotope zoning up to ~ 7‰ in serpentine minerals from two serpentinites recovered from an area of active serpentinisation in the Samail ophiolite. Thus, in situ analysis is capable of resolving isotopic heterogeneity that may directly reflect changes in the physical and chemical conditions of multiple serpentinisation events in the Samail ophiolite.     

地源热泵系统中钻孔回填材料研究进展

当今社会快速发展,能源需求与环境问题逐渐加剧,利用地源热泵系统采取浅层地温这一清洁能源,可以实现节能减排与充分利用资源的目标。而在地源热泵技术中影响地温能开采效率的重要因素即为回填材料的研发与应用。该文对地源热泵技术中回填材料的力学性能、导热性能和施工性能及其当前存在的问题及发展趋势进行综述,指出了当前回填材料的导热性能的研发虽能使其达到较高的导热效率,但其往往会影响材料的力学强度等物理特性,增加其施工难度,而相变材料可能是解决回填材料性能缺陷的关键。此外,随着科技的发展,将数值模拟与试验相结合,可以对理论创新与工程效益起到很大的提升作用。     

构造岩碳物质拉曼光谱温度计与石英组构对造山带热演化的约束:北喜马拉雅然巴片麻岩穹隆研究实例SCIEI北大核心CSCD

东西走向的北喜马拉雅片麻岩穹隆带位于喜马拉雅造山带核心,记录了造山演化和青藏高原隆升的变质与变形信息。对穹隆构造热结构及其变形历史的重建有助于揭示喜马拉雅造山过程。本次研究选取然巴片麻岩穹隆的各类构造岩开展微观构造解析、碳物质拉曼光谱温度估算(RSCM)和石英组构学(CPO)分析,对比该穹隆各构造层变质和变形温度及其变化。研究结果揭示然巴穹隆被上、下两条环形拆离断层分为三个构造层:下拆离断层以下为下构造层,其由核部淡色花岗岩和片麻岩组成;下拆离断层和上拆离断层之间为中构造层,由强烈韧性变形的低-中级变质的片岩和少量片麻岩组成;上拆离断层以上为上构造层,由板岩、千枚岩和少量片岩组成。碳物质拉曼光谱变质温度计估算结果显示下构造层和中构造层峰期变质温度为550~600℃,上构造层峰期变质温度400~550℃。各构造层韧性变形岩石内石英组构(CPOs)特征揭示:下构造层石英以柱面滑移为主,韧性剪切变形温度超过600℃;而从中构造层底部向上构造层,石英滑移系由柱面滑移逐渐转变为底面滑移为主,响应的变形温度由550℃逐渐降低为300~350℃。综合分析解释认为然巴穹隆新生代以来经历了四期构造变形,分别对应喜马拉雅造山演化四个阶段:始新世(约45Ma)地壳增厚,发生区域变质作用,变质峰期温度达600℃(如下构造层记录),由下构造层向幔部递减(500℃到300℃);在造山伸展阶段,伴随藏南拆离系北向韧性剪切作用以及晚期南北向裂谷的启动提供的东西向伸展环境导致晚中新世淡色花岗岩底辟就位(约8~7Ma),穹隆幔部岩石遭受接触变质作用改造,接触变质峰期温度为570℃。