大龙山岩体和城山岩体的铅同位素组成特征及其成因探讨

详细研究了大龙山岩体和城山岩体钾长石的铅同位素组成,并参考这些岩体的黑云母化学成分、锶同位素、稀土元素、岩石化学和地球物理资料,发现它们是多阶段侵入的复式岩体,与庐枞火山岩系有渊源关系,属燕山晚期岩浆活动的产物。它们的初始成岩物质来源于上地幔部分熔融,岩浆上升侵位过程中已不同程度地受到了上部地壳的混染。经计算,其中约有61.6％的铅来自上地幔,约有38.4％铅来自上地壳,该区陆壳的乎均年龄约26亿年,陆壳在演化过程中具有富铀的趋势。这些岩体与深大断裂和地幔隆起有成因上的密切联系。     

Automated Analyte Separation by Ion Chromatography Using a Cobot Applied to Geological Reference Materials for Li Isotope Composition

The demand for large and reliable data sets on isotopic composition has increased in geochemistry and environmental sciences over recent years. We present an automated ion chromatographic separation method using a robotic pipetting arm, termed ‘ChemCobOne’, to reduce sample separation time. Its performance was tested for lithium isotope separation in geological reference materials using a single‐step separation with HCl (0.2 mol l^?1) and a 2 ml resin volume. This refined lithium purification method does not forfeit precision, accuracy or purity compared with manual sample processing. In addition, a δ⁷Li value for NASS‐6 of 30.99 ± 0.50‰ (2s) (95% CI = 0.14‰, n = 44) was determined and the first δ⁷Li values for the granite rock reference material GS‐N (?0.57 ± 0.25‰ (2s), 95% CI = 0.15‰, n = 15), and for the soil reference material NIST SRM 2709a (?0.37 ± 0.67‰ (2s), 95% CI = 0.15‰, n = 63) are proposed.     

Isotope Ratio Determination in the Earth and Environmental Sciences: Developments and Applications in 2003

This annual review documents developments and applications in the field of isotope ratio determination, as reflected in the literature for the Earth and environmental sciences for the year 2003. Particular emphasis is placed upon the relationship between the two dominant analytical techniques-thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (TIMS) and multi-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS)-and the rapidly changing nature of their roles in isotope analysis. Additionally, the review covers developments in single-collector ICP-MS and TOF technologies, new sample preparation procedures and the characterisation of isotopic reference materials, together with fundamental investigations of mass spectrometer performance.     

Thallium Mass Fraction and Stable Isotope Ratios of Sixteen Geological Reference Materials

Thallium stable isotope ratio and mass fraction measurements were performed on sixteen geological reference materials spanning three orders of magnitude in thallium mass fraction, including both whole rock and partially separated mineral powders. For stable isotope ratio measurements, a minimum of three independent digestions of each reference material was obtained. High‐precision trace element measurements (including Tl) were also performed for the majority of these RMs. The range of Tl mass fractions represented is 10 ng g^?1 to 16 μg g^?1, and Tl stable isotope ratios (reported for historical reasons as ε²⁰⁵Tl relative to NIST SRM 997) span the range ?4 to +2. With the exception – attributed to between‐bottle heterogeneity – of G‐2, the majority of data are in good agreement with published or certified values, where available. The precision of mean of independent measurement results between independent dissolutions suggests that, for the majority of materials analysed, a minimum digested mass of 100 mg is recommended to mitigate the impact of small‐scale powder heterogeneity. Of the sixteen materials analysed, we therefore recommend for use as Tl reference materials the USGS materials BCR‐2, COQ‐1, GSP‐2 and STM‐1; CRPG materials AL‐I, AN‐G, FK‐N, ISH‐G, MDO‐G, Mica‐Fe, Mica‐Mg and UB‐N; NIST SRM 607 and OREAS14P.     

An Inter-Laboratory Assessment of the Thorium Isotopic Composition of Synthetic and Rock Reference Materials

We present a concerted international effort to cross-calibrate five synthetic Th isotope reference materials (UCSC Th "A", OU Th "U", WUN, IRMM-35 and IRMM-36), and six rock reference materials (UCSC TML, Icelandic ATHO, USGS BCR-2, USGS W-2, USGS BHVO-2, LV18) using multi-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). We then compare our new values with a compilation of literature mass spectrometric data for these reference materials and derive recommended "consensus"²³⁰Th/²³²Th values for each. We also present isotope dilution U and Th concentration data for four rock reference materials (UCSC TML, Icelandic ATHO, USGS BCR-2, USGS W-2).     

Iron Isotopic Compositions of Geological Reference Materials and Chondrites

High‐precision iron isotopic compositions for Fe‐bearing geological reference materials and chondrites with a wide range of matrices (e.g., silicates, oxides, organic‐bearing materials) are reported. This comprehensive data set should serve as a reference for iron isotopic studies across a range of geological and biological disciplines for both quality assurance and inter‐laboratory calibration. Where comparison is available, the iron isotopic compositions of most geological reference materials measured in this study were in agreement with previously published data within quoted uncertainties. Recommendations for the reporting of future iron isotopic data and associated uncertainties are also presented. Long‐term repeat analyses of all samples indicate that highly reproducible iron isotopic measurements are now obtainable (± 0.03‰ and ± 0.05‰ for δ⁵⁶Fe and δ⁵⁷Fe, respectively).     

对岩石学,矿物学与材料科学关系的思考

在综观矿物学、岩石学和材料科学的学科发展的基础上，认为它们在对物质成分、结构、性质或性能、形成机制的研究方法和内容等很多方面相通或相似的，并认为其浙趋融合。淡化学科界线，在物理学和化学水平上发展新的边缘交叉学科，是合理、高效地利用矿产资源和发展新材料的需要，也是学科发展的必然。     

大火成岩省的类型、成因及其地球系统意义

大火成岩省指的是板块内部在相对短的时间间隔内(通常<3 Ma)巨量的岩浆喷发和侵入形成的火成岩省(面积超过10⁵ km²,体积超过10⁵ km³)。自此概念提出至今,在许多方面都取得了重要进展,但对于其成因以及对大陆裂解、物质循环、环境效应、生物灭绝等方面还存在着诸多争论。本文在回顾大火成岩省定义及其演变的基础上,对上述问题进行了全面的讨论,内容包括：(1)镁铁质大火成岩省(MLIP)成因的地幔柱模型及其存在的问题;(2)水在MLIP形成过程中的作用;(3) MLIP成因的其他替代模型;(4)硅质大火成岩省(SLIP)的成因及其与MLIP之间的关系;(5)大火成岩省和超大陆裂解之间的耦合关系;(6)大火成岩省与碳、硫循环及其对全球环境和生物大规模绝灭的影响;(7)大火成岩省与全球海平面升高、温室效应以及大洋缺氧事件的关系;(8)大火成岩省的地表地形效应。最后提出了大火成岩省研究中有待解决的几个重要问题和可能的解决思路。     

历史有感地震处理的原则与方法

对不同时期、不同地区的‘地大震’、‘地震’、‘地微震’的处理原则提出一些看法,并对历史有感地震参数估定方法做了探讨。     

地质环境容量评价指标初步研究

首先分析了地质环境的特殊性以及它与人类活动相互作用的关系,指出地质环境具有三个基本要素,讨论了地质环境容量的涵义,它可以由三个指标进行评定,即：地质环境的地质结构与状态改变的最大忍受程度（临界值）、地质资源阈限量、有害物的阈限值。