Neodymium and Strontium Isotope Data for USGS Reference Materials BCR-1, BCR-2, BHVO-1, BHVO-2, AGV-1, AGV-2, GSP-1, GSP-2 and Eight MPI-DING Reference Glasses

We have measured ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and ¹⁴³ Nd/¹⁴⁴ Nd isotope ratios in different batches and aliquots of the new US Geological Survey (USGS) reference materials (RMs) BCR-2, BHVO-2, AGV-2 and GSP-2 and the original USGS RMs BCR-1, BHVO-1, AGV-1 and GSP-1 by thermal ionisation mass spectrometry. In addition, we also analysed the eight Max-Planck-Institut-Dingwell (MPI-DING) reference glasses. Nearly all isotope ratios obtained in the different aliquots and batches agree within uncertainty limits indicating excellent homogeneity of the USGS powders and the MPI-DING glasses. With the exception of GSP-2, the new USGS RMs are also indistinguishable from the ratios found in the original USGS RMs (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr: 0.704960, 0.704958 (BCR-1, -2), 0.703436, 0.703435 (BHVO-1, -2), 0.703931, 0.703931 (AGV-1, -2); ¹⁴³ Nd/¹⁴⁴ Nd: 0.512629, 0.512633 (BCR-1, -2), 0.512957, 0.512957 (BHVO-1, -2); 0.512758, 0.512755 (AGV-1, -2)). This means that for normalisation purposes in Sr and Nd isotope geochemistry BCR-2, BHVO-2 and AGV-2 can well replace BCR-1, BHVO-1 and AGV-1 respectively.     

西准噶尔与环巴尔喀什斑岩型铜矿床成矿条件及成矿模式对比研究

西准噶尔与环巴尔喀什地处中亚成矿域腹地,发育着许多大型和超大型斑岩铜矿床,构成了中亚成矿域最重要的斑岩铜矿床集中区。二者的成矿动力学背景略有差异,成矿岩浆条件和成矿物源有一定的差异,所形成的斑岩铜矿床有所不同。西准噶尔斑岩铜矿床以新发现的包古图斑岩铜矿床为代表,该矿床位于达拉布特不成熟岛弧南部;含矿岩浆为中钾钙碱性中性岩浆,侵位较深(5～10km);S(δ34S=-2.4‰～0.4‰)和Pb(206Pb/204Pb=17.92～18.89,207Pb/204Pb=15.45～15.62,208Pb/204Pb=37.68～38.36)同位素指示成矿物质来自地幔。含矿中性杂岩体由早期闪长岩体和晚期闪长玢岩岩株组成,含矿岩体发育碱性(黑云母化、硅化、绿泥石化、绿帘石化)和酸性(绢云母化和硅化)蚀变;以浸染状矿化为主,有少量的脉状矿化。环巴尔喀什斑岩铜矿床以科翁腊德和阿克都卡等超大型斑岩铜矿床为代表,这些矿床位于巴尔喀什-伊犁岩浆弧北部,含矿岩浆为中高钾(科翁腊德)和高钾(阿克都卡)钙碱性中酸性岩浆,侵位很浅(科翁腊德)和较浅(阿克都卡);S(δ34S=0.7‰～6.0‰)和Pb同位素分析表明,成矿物质来自地幔和地壳。含矿岩体为连续分异的中酸性杂岩体,包括辉长岩-闪长岩-石英闪长岩-花岗闪长岩-斜长花岗岩等;科翁腊德含矿岩体发育酸性蚀变(高级泥化、绢云母化和硅化)和少量的碱性蚀变(钾长石化、黑云母化和硅化),阿克都卡含矿岩体发育碱性蚀变(钾长石化、黑云母化和硅化)和酸性蚀变(绢云母化和硅化);矿化均为浸染状和脉状矿化。     

硅酸盐体系的化学平衡:(1)物质平衡原理

通过具体应用实例,系统介绍了在硅酸盐体系的化学平衡研究中,依据物质平衡原理,求解“相混合方程”(PME)而进行物相定量分析的“相混合计算”(PMC)方法。应用实例包括矿物原料和结晶岩物相的定量分析,复杂固溶体矿物的端员组分计算,多组分硅酸盐陶瓷的配料比例计算,以及硅酸盐陶瓷制品物相的定量分析。物相定量分析结果是结晶岩和工业岩石原料分类命名的基础,可以为改进矿物原料预处理工艺提供依据,也是研究硅酸盐体系的化学平衡、对材料制备过程进行热力学分析的基础。实际计算中必须合理估计各种分析数据的累积误差。优化计算结果的理论依据主要有矿物晶体化学原理、矿物共生组合规律和次要组分分配的固溶体矿物相优先原则。     

基于Cosserat连续体的颗粒破碎影响研究

颗粒破碎对颗粒材料宏观力学行为有重要影响。 结合Hardin的破碎经验公式,将表征破碎程度的破碎参量与Cosserat连续体的内部长度参数相关联,形成一个基于Cosserat连续体且能考虑颗粒破碎的弹塑性模型。数值算例主要考察了颗粒破碎对颗粒材料承载能力、塑性应变及局部化行为的影响,数值结果表明,颗粒破碎主要发生在剪切带内,颗粒破碎使得剪切带明显变窄且剪切带内外等效塑性应变梯度明显增大。     

稀有气体同位素示踪成矿古流体研究进展

稀有气体(特别是He、Ar)是一种研究成矿古流体来源的灵敏示踪剂。地球不同圈层的稀有气体同位素具有不同的特征同位素比值。测试样品流体包裹体中的稀有气体同位素值,从测试值中排除掉包裹体形成后各种后生过程对流体初始同位素组成的影响。把得到的结果与前人研究总结的特征值进行比较分析,可以示踪成矿流体来源,从而探讨各种矿床的成矿机制与成矿作用。归纳了近年来用稀有气体同位素来示踪成矿流体的研究进展,概括了其在不同类型矿床中的应用现状,并指出当前该方法存在的问题及发展趋势。     

Geology and Geochemistry of Reworking Gold Deposits in Intrusive Rocks of China—Ⅱ Gold Deposits and Their Genesis

Gold deposits in intrusive masses include the veinlet dissemination,quartz vein and veinlet dissemination vein types,They are distributed in fracture zones along the endocontact zone of a batholith or in the centre and edge of a stock.The metallogenic epochs are Yenshanian,Hercynian,Archean,Proterozoic and Himalayan,The gold deposits are characterized by a big difference in time span between gold mineralization and the formation of host masses Ore-forming materials were derived from the masses and auriferous strata and ore-forming fluids came from meteoric and formation waters.When circulating water was heated by ascending heat flow,gold would be extracted,concentrated and transported from auriferous rocks and then precipitated in the masses during the late tectonic movement,Finally gold deposits were formed in the intrusive masses.     

梯度结构聚晶金刚石复合片残余热应力的有限元分析

利用Ansys有限元分析软件，对梯度结构聚晶金刚石复合片在制造过程中产生的残余热应力进行了分析，并与传统的双层结构金刚石-硬质合金复合片的残余热应力进行了对比。结果表明，和双层结构复合片相比，梯度结构聚晶金刚石复合片的轴向拉应力由698 MPa降到了283 MPa，径向拉应力由1470 MPa降低到880 MPa，剪应力由653 MPa降到368 MPa，此外还改善了界面处的应力分布，大大提高了界面的结合强度。     

International Association of Geoanalysts'Protocol for the Certification of Geological and Environmental Reference Materials

This protocol has been developed by the International Association of Geoanalysts to demonstrate procedures for the certification of geological and environmental reference materials to comply to the fullest extent possible with recommendations of the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO Guide 35). A practical approach is described on the assumption that certifications will be normally be based on collaborative analysis programmes in which participating laboratories are preselected on the basis of performance in a proficiency testing programme or on the basis of other criteria of merit.     

The Preparation and Preliminary Characterisation of Three Synthetic Andesite Reference Glass Materials (ARM‐1, ARM‐2, ARM‐3) for In Situ Microanalysis

Three synthetic reference glasses were prepared by directly fusing and stirring 3.8 kg of high‐purity oxide powders to provide reference materials for microanalytical work. These glasses have andesitic major compositions and are doped with fifty‐four trace elements in nearly identical abundance (500, 50, 5 µg g^?1) using oxide powders or element solutions, and are named ARM‐1, 2 and 3, respectively. We further document that sector‐field (SF) ICP‐MS (Element 2 or Element XR) is capable of sweeping seventy‐seven isotopes (from ⁷Li to ²³⁸U, a total of sixty‐eight elements) in 1 s and, thus, is able to quantify up to sixty‐eight elements by laser sampling. Micro‐ and bulk analyses indicate that the glasses are homogeneous with respect to major and trace elements. This paper provides preliminary data for the ARM glasses using a variety of analytical techniques (EPMA, XRF, ICP‐OES, ICP‐MS, LA‐Q‐ICP‐MS and LA‐SF‐ICP‐MS) performed in ten laboratories. Discrepancies in the data of V, Cr, Ni and Tl exist, mainly caused by analytical limitations. Preliminary reference and information values for fifty‐six elements were calculated with uncertainties [2 relative standard error (RSE)] estimated in the range of 1–20%.     

低质量数元素同位素在线连续流同位素比值质谱分析的质量控制和数据标准化

同位素比值质谱分析方法是准确测量各种同位素相对丰度的标准方法。连续流同位素质谱的出现不仅提高运行效率,也降低了样品用量并提高灵敏度。但是,要使这种方法获得更好准确度和精度的同位素数据,并做到所获得数据可与其他实验室结果进行类比,从而得到可靠的同位素数据,这就需要好的分析策略和运行方案,还需要对仪器日常性能和数据质量进行严密的监视管控,而且还取决于原始数据如何进一步标准化到国际同位素尺度上。因此,同位素比值质谱结合元素分析仪(或热转换元素分析仪)连续流方法要实现可靠的稳定同位素分析需要:①设备安装和环境控制、测试准备、样品制备和称量、标准物质选择及序列等规范化质量控制措施;②严格校准仪器系统(包括调节灵敏度和线性,背景值监测,稳定性检测,H+3系数校正等);③可靠的数据处理。目前不同的实验室,采用标准物质来标定系统、对测量的同位素数据进行标准化,以及利用控制曲线来监测系统稳定性并对不确定度的计算,这些策略往往都不同。因此,统一的数据处理方案是被高度期待的。目前最好的执行方案是基于线性回归的两点或多点标准化方法。如果每一批样品中测量两个不同的标准物质四次,或者测量四个标准物质两次,那么不确定度会降低50%。当前同位素比值质谱能够测定同位素比值的不确定度一般要好于0.02‰。但是,标准物质的使用既要考虑样品的性质,同时要涵盖它们未知同位素组成的范围,尤其氢同位素在现阶段缺乏标准物质和测量的仪器精度较差(比碳、氮、氧等要低一个数量级)的情况下,这显然是稳定同位素分析者的一个重大挑战。本文概括了同位素比值质谱结合元素分析仪(或热转换元素分析仪)的基本操作原理和分析实践,将数据处理运用到同位素比值分析之中,获得连续流同位素比值质谱分析结果的合理准确度和精度。