苏北榴辉岩中金红石矿床的形成机制探索

通过对钛的迁移形式和条件的研讨,结合苏北地区的地质背景、有关矿物流体包裹体的化学成分、榴辉岩中有关矿物的化学成分、金红石的赋存状态、含金红石榴辉岩主要矿物组合等情况,认为该类金红石矿床的形成机制可描述为:华北、扬子两大板块碰撞、俯冲,将苏北地区地壳浅部的基性岩等带入上地幔的高温、高压、强还原富氢环境,岩石中部分钛呈氢化物活化。此后,由于地壳运动,榴辉岩折返、抬升,地幔深部的钛氢化物与岩石中活化的钛氢化物随榴辉岩一同迁移至地壳浅部,由于氧逸度大增,压力、温度大降,还原性气体逃逸、氧化,逐渐演化为相对氧化性的环境,钛氢化物被氧化成金红石、沉淀富集成矿。     

大宁岩体的基本特征及其与成矿作用的关系

大宁岩体由二长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩及石英二长闪长岩组成,侵入时代为晚志留世(K—A r法407、445M a)。通过对岩体的微量元素、稀土元素及硫、铅、氧等同位素研究,认为银、金矿的成矿物质来自深源岩浆,大量的暗色包体是主要的成矿物质之一,在深大断裂的切割影响下,经多次构造活动,使得不同阶段的成矿物质富集并叠加而形成矿体。最利于A u、A g成矿的部位是花岗闪长岩与石英二长闪长岩的接触界线附近以及花岗闪长岩与围岩接触带附近的断裂交汇处。     

Thermohydromechanical simulations of the natural cooling stage of the Tunnel Sealing Experiment

The Tunnel Sealing Experiment (TSX), located on the 420 Level of the Underground Research Laboratory (URL) of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL), was used to study the behaviour of two bulkheads installed in situ: one composed of highly compacted bentonite-sand blocks, the other composed of low-heat high-performance concrete. Permeable sand was placed in an 11.2-m-long chamber between the bulkheads. The chamber was first pressurized with water to 4 MPa to simulate the conditions likely to develop in the period following installation of seals in an actual repository. A stage of circulating hot water in the chamber began on 2002 September 24. The maximum design temperature of 85 °C at the interior face of the bulkheads could not be achieved in the time available. The actual maximum temperature was 65 °C. The purpose of heating was to investigate the thermohydromechanical responses in the bulkheads and surrounding rock to increased temperature. A passive cooling stage followed the heating stage. To help understand the influence of natural cooling on the thermohydromechanical response, a series of coupled thermohydromechanical modelling exercises was carried out using the finite element program, Model Of Transport In Fractured/porous media (MOTIF), and the results were compared with measured data. The thermal response in the rock and the bulkheads was successfully simulated. The influence of hydraulic conductivity on the hydraulic response in the clay bulkhead was analyzed.     

Building stone employed in the historical monuments of Eastern Sicily (Italy). An example: the ancient city centre of Catania

An archaeometric study of the stone materials employed in the Late Baroque historical monuments of the ancient city centre of Catania was carried out. Lithological maps of a selection of monuments, transferred to a digital format, revealed that the stone materials are both magmatic and sedimentary rocks, the colours of which are matched in a peculiar type of bichromy. Particular attention focused on sedimentary rocks, which consist of various types of limestone quarried near the city of Syracuse (Hyblean Plateau, south-eastern Sicily). Carbonate rocks were characterised in terms of mineralogy, petrography and geochemistry, by studying rock samples from both monuments and historical extraction sites. Results showed that, although only one name was historically attributed to the above lithotypes (i.e. “Pietra di Siracusa‘’), they were quarried from many locations and, as they belong to various geological formations, they therefore exhibit great variety. In order to examine the durability of Hyblean limestones employed in works of cultural heritage interest, salt crystallisation tests were carried out according to standard procedure norms (UNI EN 12370 (1999) Determination of resistance to crystallisation of salts, 6p). Results are consistent with the forms of deterioration observed in the monuments, and highlight the close relationship between textural characteristics and damage. Our purpose is to provide a basic tool, which may be useful both for conserving monuments of cultural heritage and for their restoration.     

Speciation of Chromium in Artificially Contaminated Soil Reference Material GSJ JSO-2 Using XANES and Chemical Extraction Methods

The oxidation states of chromium in GSJ JSO-2 (artificially contaminated soil) and three other geochemical reference materials (GSJ JSO-1, JLS-1 and JMS-1) were observed using X-ray near edge structure (XANES). For comparison, other artificially contaminated soil materials (mimic-JSO-2) were prepared by adding Cr(VI) into JSO-1. Their oxidation states of chromium were determined using XANES. The chromium contents were 1118 μg g^-1 for JSO-2, 1352 μg g^-1 for mimic-JSO-2 and 69-113 μg g^-1 for the other reference materials. Most chromium was present as hexavalent in mimic-JSO-2. No hexavalent species were detected in other samples. These results for chromium oxidation state in JSO-2 and mimic-JSO-2 obtained with XANES resembled those obtained from a chemical extraction method. The present JSO-2 has no trace of Cr(VI), although Cr(VI) was added as a major species during preparation. On the other hand, the content of Cr(VI) obtained in mimic-JSO-2 agreed with the original Cr(VI) content. A time-elapse study showed that Cr(VI) contents in mimic-JSO-2 decreased gradually to 70% of the original abundance during 240-day preservation in dry conditions. Moreover, the abundance of Cr(VI) decreased markedly to 15% after 240 days in the wet mimic-JSO-2 containing 20% m/m of water. These experiments suggested that soil humidity enhanced the reduction of Cr(VI) and that Cr(VI) was reduced even in dry conditions. Consequently, it is reasonable to infer that Cr(VI) doped into JSO-2 was completely reduced to Cr(III) during the preservation period of 5 years. The certification of the long-term stability of the chemical form in reference materials will be much more important in future.     

分子筛材料的研究现状和趋势

从沸石的成分特征出发,系统地介绍了该研究目前在材料成分,结构分析,合成方法,现代测试技术的应用以及研究发展方向等方面的内容。     

镁质粘土在碱性耐火材料工业应用的初步探索

本研究项目的主要步骤是把镁质粘土和橄榄岩或焦油镁砂砖废料在箱式电炉里进行烧结试验（温度１２００～１２５０℃）。同时测定了原料、烧结样品和５种产品的物理性质和矿物组分。结果表明,产品里的矿物多是富镁的高熔点矿物,包括继承性的或新生的镁橄榄石和方镁石,少量钙镁橄榄石、镁黄长石以及痕量硅酸二钙。２号产品含较多的斜顽辉石,由滑石或海泡石转化而成,它的熔点较低。试验表明,妥善选择原料和配方是走向成功的第一步,而瘠性和塑性材料相配合,则是传统经验的重现。在这种场合,镁质粘土作为结合粘土,起了很大作用。利用氧气煤气火焰快速测定熔点也是有意义的尝试。     

A Preliminary Study on the Preparation of Four Pacific Ocean Polymetallic Nodule and Sediment Reference Materials: GSPN-2, GSPN-3, GSMS-2 and GSMS-3

The research project for the preparation of two polymetallic nodule (GSPN-2, GSPN-3) and two marine sediment (GSMS-2, GSMS-3) reference materials was completed in 1996. The samples were collected from the Eastern and Central Pacific Ocean and prepared to less than 74 μm fine powder. The homogeneity of the materials was tested by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The relative standard deviations (RSD %) of measurements of selected elements in samples taken from thirty bottles selected at random were less than 0.5%. Thirty four laboratories worldwide participated in the collaborative analysis programme. The number of elements or constituents analysed was seventy nine for nodules and eighty one for sediments. Among those, sixty three elements were certified in each sample. The sum of major elements or components is 99.7% for GSPN-2, 99.5% for GSPN-3, 99.8% for GSMS-2 and 99.8% for GSMS-3.     

低成熟石油概念厘定及其多元多源复合连续成油特征

本文指出了低成熟石油概念和实际划分上的不统一和不规范,并给出了初步定义。另外,对低成熟石油的相关成烃母质进行了综述,在此基础上给出了低成熟成烃母质的定义,指出了低成熟石油成烃母质的多元性和油源的多源性特点,同时还指出低成熟石油是沉积有机质在地质埋藏过程中波动成烃连续模式之部分,其具有多元多源复合成烃行为和分阶段连续演化的特征。这些认识对正确评价含油气盆地中的低成熟油气资源具有重要意义。