Formation Mechanisms and Geomorphic Evolution of the Erlian Mudflow Fans,Eastern Guide Basin of the Upper Reaches of Yellow River

Several argillaceous platforms lie along the Yellow River(YR) of the eastern Guide Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, and their compositions, formation processes, and geomorphic evolution remain debated. Using field survey data, sample testing, and high-resolution remote sensing images, the evolution of the Erlian mudflow fans are analyzed. The data show significant differences between fans on either side of the YR. On the right bank, fans are dilute debris flows consisting of sand and gravel. On the left bank, fans are viscosity mudflows consisting of red clay. The composition and formation processes of the left bank platforms indicate a rainfall-induced pluvial landscape. Fan evolution can be divided into two stages: early-stage fans pre-date 16 ka B.P., and formed during the last deglaciation; late-stage fans post-date 8 ka B.P.. Both stages were induced by climate change. The data indicate that during the Last Glacial Maximum, the northeastern Tibetan Plateau experienced a cold and humid climate characterized by high rainfall. From 16–8 ka, the YR cut through the Erlian early mudflow fan, resulting in extensive erosion. Since 8 ka, the river channel has migrated south by at least 1.25 km, and late stage mudflow fan formation has occurred.     

陕西自动观测与人工观测相对湿度差异分析

分析运城市高温气候特征及环流特点,找出运城市高温天气预报指标,建立高温预报方法。采用模式误差订正、气候值消空订正、预报指标补漏订正相结合对中央台指导产品的极端最高气温作出订正。     

滇东南微细浸染型金矿构造控矿型式

滇东南微细浸染型金矿的形成与该区构造关系密切,总体受右江裂谷系控制。主干断裂严格控制金矿的带状分布,次级断裂进一步控制成矿带内矿体的具体空间位置或定位。认为逆冲推覆构造为该区微细浸染型金矿的控矿构造型式,归纳出该区微细浸染型金矿在构造中的分布规律,并据此提出新的找矿思路与找矿方向。     

青藏高原东北部贵德盆地新生代沉积演化与构造隆升

通过对高原东北部贵德盆地新生代地层研究,为恢复高原隆升历史提供依据。贵德盆地形成于渐新世末,其新生代地层可划分出深水砾砂质网状河流、泥石流质网状河流、砾质网状河流、山麓洪积、三角洲、半深湖与浅湖、水下扇三角洲七个沉积相组合体系。根据其沉积相组合和沉积演化揭示出高原隆升过程先后经历了:早期隆升期 (渐新世末 )、较稳定剥蚀夷平期 (早中新世 )、小幅隆升期 (早中新世末 )、稳定剥蚀夷平期 (中中新世至晚中新世 )、持续逐步较快速隆升期 (8.2～ 3.6Ma)、急剧强烈阶段性隆升期 (3.6～ 0Ma) ;其中 3.6Ma±的隆升是新生代构造运动的一个重要分水岭,此前盆地海拔应不超过 10 0 0m,此后构造活动速度明显加速,地形高差显著增大。可见青藏高原的隆升是一个多阶段、不等速和非均变的复杂过程     

CT导引下穿刺肾囊肿的治疗

本文报告了４３例ＣＴ导引下穿刺肾囊肿蝗治疗，该方法简便，安全，效果良好，无严重并发症发生，讨论了适应症及术前，术中，术后的注意事项。     

The effect of nonlinear multi-contact coupling with gap between risers and guide frames on global spar motion analysis

Nonlinear multi-contact coupling between vertical risers and guide frames inside the spar moon-pool is studied. The existing numerical model for hull/mooring/riser coupled dynamics analysis treats riser as an elastic rod truncated at the keel (truncated riser model), and the risers are free to slide in vertical direction with constant tension, while restricted in horizontal direction. The truncated riser model neglects the portion of the riser inside the moon-pool and tends to overestimate the spar pitch motion. In the newly developed model, the risers are extended through the moon-pool with realistic boundary conditions at multiple guide frames, and thus additional contact forces and moments on the spar hull are considered. The gap effects between the riser buoyancy-cans and riser guide frames are also modeled using three different types of gap springs. Their different dynamic characteristics are extensively studied. The new riser model also considers the Coulomb damping between buoyancy-cans and riser guide frames and also allows the impact-like contact force calculation on risers for ensuring fatigue analysis.     

黄河共和-贵德段河流阶地对青藏高原东北缘晚期隆升的指示

实测黄河共和-贵德段4个河流阶地剖面,并对采自4个剖面的20个砂样进行了电子自旋共振波谱测年(ESR)。结果显示,T3～T9的形成时代分别为:0.134Ma B.P.、 0.176Ma B.P.、 0.228.1Ma B.P.、 0.41Ma B.P.、 0.82Ma B.P.、 0.93Ma B.P.、 1.32 Ma B.P., T11～T20阶地的形成时代分别为1.71Ma B.P.、 1.75Ma B.P.、 1.88Ma B.P.、 1.94Ma B.P.、 2.01Ma B.P.、 2.12Ma B.P.、 2.23Ma B.P.、 2.31Ma B.P.、 2.36Ma B.P.、 2.47 Ma B.P.。结合各级阶地拔河,综合分析共和-贵德河流阶地下蚀速率,探讨青藏高原东北缘第四纪以来隆升过程。认为青藏高原东北缘2.47Ma以来以阶段性隆升的模式隆升至现今高度,总隆升量为647m,平均隆升速率为0.26 mm/a,其中2.47～1.71 Ma期间,隆升速率约为0.51mm/a;1.71～0.41 Ma期间,构造隆升活动减缓,速率下降至约0.09mm/a;而0.41Ma之后隆升又开始加速至0.35mm/a。推断青藏高原东北缘祁连山地区在中新世中期之前海拔较低(小于2000m),中新世中晚期以来快速隆升了2000多米。     

黄河源区第三系贵德群孢粉化石组合特征

研究了青海省玛多县扎陵湖乡哈拉山第三系贵德群剖面的孢粉化石，分析得出其孢粉化石组合为麻黄属－拟白刺粉属－藜粉属组合。通过对该区孢粉组合特征的讨论及与国内相关孢粉组合的对比，认为研究区贵德群的地质时代属于早第三纪渐新世中晚期。据孢粉组合特征推测研究区在这一时期为炎热干旱的气候，植被为灌丛和草原混生类型。     

青海省贵德县热水泉干热岩体地质—地热地质特征

贵德县热水泉干热岩体平面上呈半椭圆形展布于NNW向区域性新街断裂带组分的热光断裂之西,面积约122km2。ZR1孔钻探结果表明:干热岩体上部为具自封闭盖层性质的中温水热型地热田,2800～3050m属相对完整或隔水的次高温花岗岩体,3050.68m深处温度为151.34℃,进入干热岩段。干热岩体热储为侵位于233.2～222.3Ma的中晚三叠世花岗岩,岩石类型主要有闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和钾长花岗岩等。具正花状构造结构的新街—瓦里关走滑挤隆构造带为区域性控热导热构造,并对干热岩体的就位有明显的控制作用。基于大地电磁测深、高分辨率重力异常、电阻率与Rayleigh波群相速度线性反演,以及地质综合分析认为,以壳内部分熔融层供热为主,地幔热流供热、沿走滑断裂带上升的晚期小熔体与双倍地壳U、Th、K等放射性元素衰变生热为叠加热源,一并构成的复合型热源,是热水泉干热岩体最有可能的热源机制。     

基于测井资料的共和盆地贵德扎仓地热田热储特征分析

青海共和盆地东部的贵德次盆扎仓地区发育复合型高温地热资源,先后施工完成的ZR1井3000 m裂隙型热储测温151.34℃, ZR2井4600 m干热岩热储测温214℃,展现共和盆地良好的地热资源潜力。本文首次报道ZR2井全井常规与特殊测井数据,评价了扎仓沟花岗岩热储的孔隙度、体积密度、岩石生热率、岩石力学、地应力等关键参数,结果显示:ZR2井温测井显示4 092.8 m温度达到180℃, 4602 m深度井温214℃;利用电成像测井识别出两段裂缝集中发育带,分别为4210—4220m和4310—4320m,并对全孔段裂缝的产状进行了统计分析;利用井壁崩落和三井径法,计算该钻孔现今最大主应力方向为近南北向;共解释岩性破碎地层(疑似含水)21.4 m/2层,岩性较完整地层70.4 m/7层,岩性完整地层376.1 m/27层,高放射性地层7.6 m/2层。热储测井解释结果为系统评价热储和开发利用提供参考。