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101.
云南兰坪-思茅盆地脉状铜矿床铅、硫同位素地球化学与成矿物质来源研究 总被引:13,自引:5,他引:13
云南兰坪-思茅盆地中一新生代砂页岩中赋存有许多脉状铜矿床。本文对盆地内从北至南三个典型脉状铜矿床(金满、水泄和白龙厂)进行了详细的铅、硫同位素研究,探讨了该类型矿床的成矿物质来源。分析表明。该类型矿床的铅同位素组成总体变化较小,且均位于上地壳铅演化线附近,说明成矿流体中铅具有稳定的上地壳来源。各矿床由于赋矿层位不同,矿石铅同位素组成表现出一定差异,如由兰坪盆地侏罗纪地层中的金满矿床到思茅盆地二叠纪地层中的白龙厂矿床,铅同位素比值(^207Pb/^204Pb)呈增高趋势,这表明这类矿床的铅主要来源于围岩地层,且地层越老,提供的铅就相对富含放射成因铅。矿床中脉石矿物重晶石、铁白云石等的锶同位素组成也表明,金满矿床成矿流体的^87Sr/^86Sr比值较高(0.70874—0.71232),而白龙厂矿床的^87Sr/^86Sr比值较低(0.70829—0.70938),接近于围岩灰岩的值(0.70755)。硫同位素研究表明,金满矿床中硫化物的δ^34S值变化最大,为-20.5‰- 7.0‰。水泄矿床中硫化物的δ^34S值变化最小,为-0.1‰- 4.2‰。而白龙厂矿床中硫化物的δ^34S值为-14.3‰--3.6‰。水泄和白龙厂矿床中重晶石的δ^34S值分别为 12.3‰- 19.0‰和 13.1‰,它们与盆地中蒸发岩层中石膏的δ^34S值( 10.8‰- 15.7‰)相近。分析表明,兰坪-思茅盆地中脉状铜矿的硫源主要来源于盆地热卤水萃取的地层中蒸发岩硫酸盐,它们通过有机质的热分解反应还原为沉淀硫化物所必需的低价硫。各矿床独特的硫同位素组成还表明它们的硫源受局部地层硫源和成矿流体物理化学性质所控制。本文提出大气降水起源的盆地热卤水通过对围岩中新生代地层的淋滤和萃取,获得了成矿所需的金属和硫,并在构造薄弱部位沉淀形成了本区的脉状铜矿床。 相似文献
102.
江西银山多金属矿床高盐度包裹体及其成因意义 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:13
流体包裹体岩相学和显微测温学研究表明,银山矿床石英斑岩和金金属矿床中都发现须含石盐的高盐度流体包裹体,表明至少在成矿作用的早期成矿流体为高盐度流体,高盐度流体不是由热水溶液的不混溶作用或沸腾作用形成的,而是直接从饱和水的结晶岩浆熔体中出溶的,银山矿床的成矿流体与斑岩铜矿的成矿流体具有相似性,证实矿床深部可能有隐伏斑岩铜矿。 相似文献
103.
104.
东南沿海地区古近纪大陆岩石圈地幔特征及成因 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
东南沿海地区新生代玄武岩中的橄榄岩包体来自岩石圈地幔 ,上地幔橄榄岩包体的岩石学及地球化学特征都记录了地幔演化的历史。普宁橄榄岩包体斜方辉石含量与太古宙克拉通地幔类似 ,但在矿物学、REE、痕量元素和Sr Nd同位素上又与太古宙岩石圈地幔不同。橄榄岩包体的岩相学、矿物学、REE、痕量元素特征都提供了含H2 O富Si流体交代橄榄岩的证据 ,这种流体可能主要是洋壳物质局部熔融而成。流体交代使橄榄岩富Si,同时富Sr、Pb和强不相容元素等大洋岩石圈物质。这表明普宁大陆岩石圈地幔既保留太古宙岩石圈地幔的特征 ,又具有大洋俯冲地幔的特征 ,它是古老岩石圈地幔向大洋岩石圈地幔转换的一部分 ,这种转换可能是大洋岩石圈与大陆岩石圈地幔相互作用的结果。 相似文献
105.
106.
通过对发生于1999~2000年间库玛中东段地区3次5级以上地震前地下流体短临异常的分析对比,得出了该地区地下流体短临异常的时空强演化特征。 相似文献
107.
Fluid mixing as the mechanism of formation of the Dajing Cu-Sn-Ag-Pb-Zn ore deposit,Inner Mongolia ——Fluid inclusion and stable isotope evidence 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Since the 1990s, interest in the magmatic fluids and their relation to mineralization has been re-aroused[1—6]. Studies on stable isotopes of low-sulfidation deposits commonly show the predominance of meteoric water[7]. Paradoxically, the evidence for me… 相似文献
108.
Larissa F. Dobrzhinetskaya Harry W. Green Matthew Weschler Mark Darus Young-Chung Wang Hans-Joachim Massonne Bernhard St ckhert 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2003,210(3-4):399-410
A focused ion beam of Ga ions is a relatively new technique that has been developed for microelectronic industries. Now researchers of the Earth sciences find it to be a promising tool for studying various geological materials. Using the FIB technique and an FEI Strata DB 235 dual beam system, we have successfully prepared several electron-transparent foils, which crossed μm-sized diamonds included in host minerals such as zircon and garnet from quartzofeldspathic rocks of the Saxonian Erzgebirge, Germany. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy applied to these foils revealed that the diamonds contain crystalline nanometric inclusions. These inclusions consist of minerals of known stoichiometries such as SiO2 and Al2SiO5, whereas others are characterized by different combinations of Si, K, P, Ti, and Fe in the presence of oxygen (stoichiometries are not clear at this stage of research). One suite of inclusions is assumed to be represented by archerite, KH2PO4, which is known to be stable at pressures of 4–22 GPa, and one nanocrystal containing Pb, oxygen and carbon is interpreted to be PbxOy or PbCO3. Along with solid crystalline inclusions, the diamonds contain cavities filled by liquid/gas that escaped during sample preparation. These are associated with dislocations of diamond growth. Our data are consistent with the concept of diamond crystallization from a COH-rich multicomponent supercritical fluid and suggest that the composition of such a fluid is more consistent with a local crustal source rather than that of a mantle origin. 相似文献
109.
Masatoshi Bando Greg Bignall Kotaro Sekine Noriyoshi Tsuchiya 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2003,120(3-4):215-234
The Quaternary Takidani Granodiorite (Japan Alps) is analogous to the type of deep-seated (3–5 km deep) intrusive-hosted fracture network system that might support (supercritical) hot dry/wet rock (HDR/HWR) energy extraction. The I-type Takidani Granodiorite comprises: porphyritic granodiorite, porphyritic granite, biotite-hornblende granodiorite, hornblende-biotite granodiorite, biotite-hornblende granite and biotite granite facies; the intrusion has a reverse chemical zonation, characterized by >70 wt% SiO2 at its inferred margin and <67 wt% SiO2 at the core. Fluid inclusion evidence indicates that fractured Takidani Granodiorite at one time hosted a liquid-dominated, convective hydrothermal system, with <380°C, low-salinity reservoir fluids at hydrostatic (mesothermal) pressure conditions. ‘Healed’ microfractures also trapped >600°C, hypersaline (35 wt% NaCleq) fluids of magmatic origin, with inferred minimum pressures of formation being 600–750 bar, which corresponds to fluid entrapment at 2.4–3.0 km depth. Al-in-hornblende geobarometry indicates that hornblende crystallization occurred at about 1.45 Ma (7.7–9.4 km depth) in the (marginal) eastern Takidani Granodiorite, but later (at 1.25 Ma) and shallower (6.5–7.0 km) near the core of the intrusion. The average rate of uplift across the Takidani Granodiorite from the time of hornblende crystallization has been 5.1–5.9 mm/yr (although uplift was about 7.5 mm/yr prior to 1.2 Ma), which is faster than average uplift rates in the Japan Alps (3 mm/yr during the last 2 million years). A temperature–depth–time window, when the Takidani Granodiorite had potential to host an HDR system, would have been when the internal temperature of the intrusive was cooling from 500°C to 400°C. Taking into account the initial (7.5 mm/yr) rate of uplift and effects of erosion, an optimal temperature–time–depth window is proposed: for 500°C at 1.54–1.57 Ma and 5.2±0.9 km (drilling) depth; and 400°C at 1.36–1.38 Ma and 3.3±0.8 km (drilling) depth, which is within the capabilities of modern drilling technologies, and similar to measured temperature–depth profiles in other active hydrothermal systems (e.g. at Kakkonda, Japan). 相似文献
110.
L. A. Morgan W. C. Shanks III D. A. Lovalvo S. Y. Johnson W. J. Stephenson K. L. Pierce S. S. Harlan C. A. Finn G. Lee M. Webring B. Schulze J. Dühn R. Sweeney L. Balistrieri 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2003,122(3-4):221-242
‘No portion of the American continent is perhaps so rich in wonders as the Yellow Stone’ (F.V. Hayden, September 2, 1874)Discoveries from multi-beam sonar mapping and seismic reflection surveys of the northern, central, and West Thumb basins of Yellowstone Lake provide new insight into the extent of post-collapse volcanism and active hydrothermal processes occurring in a large lake environment above a large magma chamber. Yellowstone Lake has an irregular bottom covered with dozens of features directly related to hydrothermal, tectonic, volcanic, and sedimentary processes. Detailed bathymetric, seismic reflection, and magnetic evidence reveals that rhyolitic lava flows underlie much of Yellowstone Lake and exert fundamental control on lake bathymetry and localization of hydrothermal activity. Many previously unknown features have been identified and include over 250 hydrothermal vents, several very large (>500 m diameter) hydrothermal explosion craters, many small hydrothermal vent craters (1–200 m diameter), domed lacustrine sediments related to hydrothermal activity, elongate fissures cutting post-glacial sediments, siliceous hydrothermal spire structures, sublacustrine landslide deposits, submerged former shorelines, and a recently active graben. Sampling and observations with a submersible remotely operated vehicle confirm and extend our understanding of the identified features. Faults, fissures, hydrothermally inflated domal structures, hydrothermal explosion craters, and sublacustrine landslides constitute potentially significant geologic hazards. Toxic elements derived from hydrothermal processes also may significantly affect the Yellowstone ecosystem. 相似文献