塔里木盆地寒武系—下奥陶统白云岩成因及识别特征

对63口井岩心及薄片的观察以及大量阴极发光、碳氧同位素、包裹体及电子探针能谱的分析,认为塔里木盆地寒武系—下奥陶统白云岩主要有四种成因,分别对应有四种白云岩类型,即萨布哈白云岩、渗透回流白云岩、埋藏白云岩和热液白云岩。前两者受沉积相控制,后两者受成岩相控制。萨布哈白云岩发育于同生—准同生期蒸发成岩环境的潮间—潮上坪,渗透回流白云岩发育于同生—准同生期蒸发成岩环境的澙湖中,埋藏白云岩发育于埋藏期的深、浅埋藏环境,热液白云岩发育于埋藏期的深埋藏环境。总结了四种不同成因的白云岩的岩石特征及地球化学特征。认识到叠合盆地古老海相地层的白云石化机理复杂,白云岩类型多样,白云岩结构特征不但与沉积相密切相关,更受埋藏期白云石化作用的叠加改造。     

鄂尔多斯地区西部和南部奥陶纪海槽边缘沉积特征与天然气成藏潜力分析

鄂尔多斯地区自中—晚元古代至早古生代继承性地发育区域性海相沉积,大体经历了中—晚元古代大陆裂谷及拗拉槽、寒武纪陆表海台地、奥陶纪局限海台地及构造转换等三个主要演化阶段。分析认为,奥陶纪在盆地西部和南部存在对天然气成藏较为有利的海槽/台地边缘沉积相带。中—上奥陶统平凉组—背锅山组是盆地西部和南部下古生界天然气成藏的主要烃源层;奥陶系礁滩体岩性圈闭是最主要的圈闭类型。盆地西部的天环北段和南部的麟游北为两个近期天然气勘探的有利目标。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部马家沟组成岩作用特征

通过对研究区16口钻井15条剖面数百片岩石薄片的详细鉴定,结合沉积史和区域地质特征,综合分析了主要目的层马家沟组的成岩作用类型及其特征。马家沟组储层的岩石类型主要为石灰岩和白云岩。石灰岩类型多样,主要有泥晶—微晶灰岩、微晶—亮晶颗粒灰岩及云斑灰岩等;白云岩以泥晶—微晶白云岩为主。主要的建设性成岩作用为白云石化作用和溶蚀作用;不利的成岩作用主要有重结晶、压实压溶、去白云石化、膏化等作用。在此基础上,进一步分析了鄂尔多斯盆地南部的成岩作用演化序列。     

阳泉矿区1612孔峰峰组岩石学特征及沉积环境分析

阳泉矿区是我国重要的无烟煤生产基地之一,现主采太原组15号煤,下伏中奥陶统作为一个复杂含水层以其分布广、厚度大、水量丰富、补给条件好而对下组煤(太原组)带压开采造成严重威胁。通过对矿区1612号水文孔岩心的观察描述,结合测井曲线及偏光显微镜等对峰峰组的岩石学特征及沉积相进行了研究。研究表明,峰峰组主要由碳酸盐岩、硫酸盐岩及次生角砾岩组成,成岩作用主要有压实作用、压溶作用、白云化作用、重结晶作用、溶蚀作用、充填作用等;峰峰组沉积相具二分性,一段属局限台地相,二段属开阔台地相。     

小波分析在地震趋势预测中的应用

作者应用Ｍｏｒｌｅｔ小波对近年来华北地区几个引人注目地震所在区的地震能量序列进行了动态周期分析,发现地震活动既有长期较稳定的活动周期,也存在有一定时限的短期活动周期。另外用动态优势周期对未来地震活动趋势进行了估计,结果表明,地震都发生在“特征值”高值附近。     

Extreme flood events and climate change around 3500 aBP in the Central Plains of China

The occurrence of prehistoric extreme flood events has been the common interest of geologists, geographers and archaeologists. It is recognized that from 5000 aBP to 3000 aBP was a period of extreme floods frequently occurring around the world. For in-stance, flood events have been found in North Amer-ica, rapid sea level rise has been found in both the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, and flooded ancient cities have been found in a number of coast areas[1—6]. In China, records of pre…     

Distribution of diagenetic alterations in glaciogenic sandstones within a depositional facies and sequence stratigraphic framework: Evidence from the Upper Ordovician of the Murzuq Basin, SW Libya

The spatial and temporal distribution of diagenetic alterations has been constrained in relationship to depositional facies and sequence stratigraphy of the Upper Ordovician glaciogenic quartzarenite sandstones in the Murzuq Basin, SW Libya, which were deposited during the Haritanian glaciation when the basin was laying along the continental margin of Gondwana. Eogenetic alterations encountered include: (i) replacement of detrital silicates, mud matrix and pseudomatrix by kaolinite in paraglacial, tide-dominated deltaic, in foreshore to shoreface (highstand systems tract; HST) and in post-glacial, Gilbert-type deltaic (lowstand systems tract; LST) sandstones, particularly below the sequence boundaries (SB). Kaolinite formation is attributed to the influx of meteoric water during relative sea level fall and basinward shift of the shoreline. (ii) Cementation by calcite (δ¹⁸O_VPDB = − 3.1‰ to + 1.1‰ and δ¹³C_VPDB = + 1.7‰ to + 3.5‰) and Mg-rich siderite in the paraglacial, tide-dominated deltaic and foreshore to shoreface HST sandstones, in the glacial, tide-dominated estuarine (transgressive systems tract; TST) sandstones and in the post-glacial, shoreface TST sandstones is interpreted to have occurred from marine pore-waters. (iii) Cementation by Mg-poor siderite, which occurs in the post-glacial, Gilbert-type deltaic LST sandstones and in the paraglacial, tide-dominated deltaic and foreshore to shoreface HST sandstones, is interpreted to have occurred from meteoric waters during relative sea level fall and basinward shift of the shoreline. (iv) Pervasive cementation by iron oxides has occurred in the glacial, shoreface–offshore TST sandstones and post-glacial, shoreface TST sandstones immediately below the maximum flooding surfaces (MFS), which was presumably enhanced by prolonged residence time of the sediments under oxic diagenetic conditions at the seafloor. (v) Formation of grain-coating infiltrated clays mainly in the glacial, fluvial incised-valley LST sandstones and in the post-glacial, Gilbert-type deltaic LST sandstones as well as, less commonly, in the paraglacial, foreshore to shoreface HST sandstones and in the tide-dominated deltaic HST sandstones below the SBs.

Mesogenetic alterations include mainly the formation of abundant quartz overgrowths in the glacial, fluvial incised-valley LST sandstones, post-glacial, Gilbert-type deltaic LST sandstones and glacial, shoreface TST sandstones, in which early carbonate cements are lacking. Illite, chlorite and albitized feldspars, which occur in small amounts, are most common in the glacial, tide-dominated estuarine TST sandstones and paraglacial, shoreface HST sandstones. This study demonstrates that the spatial and temporal distribution of diagenetic alterations and their impact on reservoir-quality evolution in glacial, paraglacial and post-glacial sandstones can be better elucidated when linked to the depositional facies and sequence stratigraphic framework.     

Trace fossil evidence from the Adigrat Sandstone for an Ordovician glaciation in Eritrea, NE Africa

Trace fossils are described here from the Adigrat Sandstone formation of hitherto uncertain Palaeozoic-Mesozoic age in south-central Eritrea. The formation is subdivided into a lower unit, the Adi MaEkheno Member, and an upper informal unit, Member 2. The formation was deposited on the locally mudcracked top of the glacigenic Edaga Arbi Beds, suggesting that these two rock units were formed in a very short time interval. The Adi MaEkheno Member and the lower part of Member 2 contain trace fossils Arthrophycus alleghaniensis (Harlan), Arthrophycus ?brongniartii (Harlan), Didymaulichnus lyelli (Rouault), Palaeophycus tubularis Hall, Taenidium isp., thin winding ridges, winding ridges and furrows, simple cylinders, and ‘stellate’ forms. A. alleghaniensis is distinctively of Ordovician–Silurian (?Early Devonian) age. The trace fossil association belongs to the Cruziana ichnofacies that indicates a shallow marine environment between the normal and storm wave bases. The trace fossil data and stratigraphic relationships indicate that the Adigrat Sandstone formation and the Edaga Arbi Beds in Eritrea are Ordovician–Silurian in age. The Edaga Arbi Beds are correlated with other Upper Ordovician (Hirnantian) glacial units in northern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, lending these beds the status of a marker unit in the Lower Palaeozoic stratigraphy of the Horn of Africa. The Jurassic “Adigrat Sandstone” in central-west and eastern Ethiopia cannot be correlated with the Adigrat Sandstone formation in its type area and in Eritrea.     

靖边气田相对富水层的识别、分布及成因研究

靖边气田投产井产量低、递减快,部分井有地层水产出,不同区域的生产井产水量差异大。通过对气藏地层水特征、识别方法、地层水水源、地层水演化和影响气水分布地质因素的研究,对地层水的形成机理、分布规律、分布模式等有了较深入的认识。研究表明,气藏“相对富水区”主要分布在气田西部,呈块状或透镜状形式分布,多数以气水层共存为特点。地层水是在气排水阶段中保存在孔隙中的束缚水或因气体驱替能量有限而残存的部分可动水。在部分井区由于储层条件变化、局部致密带的形成而造成孔隙中水未受到天然气的大规模排驱而残留了大量的地层水,形成“相对富水区”。尽管气井产水对气田的整体开发与正常生产影响不大,但研究气藏的产水原因对今后生产管理和气藏的高效合理开发具有一定的现实意义。     

鲁西地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储集特征及主控因素

应用薄片、铸体和阴极发光等室内分析技术,对鲁西隆起奥陶系碳酸盐岩及济阳坳陷潜山奥陶系钻井岩心样品进行了成岩作用及储集特征详细研究。奥陶系碳酸盐岩原生孔隙消失殆尽,次生成因的孔、洞和缝是主要储集空间。其中裂缝储集层在各层段均有发育,但白云岩段优于其它岩性段;构造缝主要分布在构造轴部和断裂带附近,溶蚀缝在不整合面附近较为发育。孔洞型储集层主要发育在白云岩层段,以晶间孔、晶间溶孔和晶内溶孔为主要储集空间;有少量有效孔隙分布在灰岩段,以铸模孔、粒内溶孔和粒内孔为主。马家沟组八陡段顶部发育溶蚀角砾岩、纹层状结晶灰岩,砾间缝、晶间缝和溶洞为主要储集空间。白云岩段是奥陶系碳酸盐岩主要储集层段,构造因素、岩性和成岩作用(尤其是胶结作用和溶蚀作用)是造成奥陶系碳酸盐岩储集层剖面分布差异性的主要控制因素。