鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田上古生界低孔渗砂岩储层评价

大牛地气田目前已发现的气藏有盒三、盒二、盒一、山二、山一和太一气藏。其中以块状砾岩相、含砾粗砂岩相、大型交错层理砂岩相是最好的岩石相类型;各层段岩石学特征的差异主要体现在岩石类型、骨架成分和填隙物类型成分上,储层岩石粒度、泥质含量、碎屑成分是影响储层物性的主要因素;研究区储层总体上属低孔、低渗储层,盒三 二段、山一段储集物性较好,盒一段、山二段、太原组储集物性较差;研究区储层总体上属于小孔、微细喉储层,盒三 二段、太原组的孔隙结构最好,山西组次之,盒一段最差;将储集岩按照组或段分为三类：盒三 二段,盒一段和山西组,太原组,分别进行了分类评价。大牛地气田上古生界主要目的层段具有整体含气的特点,储层品质的优劣决定了其含气性的好坏,因此寻找高产富集带可归结于寻找优质储层发育带。岩性圈闭的分布与各期河道、分流河道的主体发育位置趋势一致,有利储集相带、高产富集区的预测应以有利沉积相带为基础展开。     

鄂尔多斯盆地盐池-姬塬地区三叠系长2砂岩成岩演化特征与优质储层分布

盐池-姬塬地区延长组长2砂岩由三角洲前缘水下分流河道和河口坝砂体组成,以岩屑长石砂岩和长石砂岩为主,其中石英、长石和岩屑平均含量分别为32.6%,38.9%和8.0%,岩屑以变质岩屑和火成岩屑为主,占岩屑总量的87.5%。砂岩目前处于早成岩阶段B期的晚期,RO为0.8%,温度在70℃～90℃,成岩组构特征受酸性成岩环境控制,因此长石类易溶颗粒普遍发生溶蚀作用,石英次生加大发育。孔隙类型组成中原生粒间孔隙所占比例多在30%～45%之间,粒间和粒内溶孔占40%～55%。在对砂岩各种组分含量统计的基础上,定量计算表明机械压实作用是造成研究区原生孔隙消亡的最主要原因,其次为胶结作用,而由溶蚀作用增加的孔隙占初始孔隙度比例较小(<10%)。结合沉积相分析成果,在研究区可划分出5种沉积-成岩相带,其中有利的高孔高渗储层(孔隙度>14%,渗透率>5×10-3μm2)分布区主要由三角洲平原分流河道-次生溶孔相前锋带、三角洲平原分流河道-绿泥石粘土膜胶结次生溶孔相前锋带和台型三角洲前缘-绿泥石粘土膜胶结原生孔相主体以及坡型三角洲前缘-次生溶孔相主体组成。     

鄂尔多斯块体北缘与西缘地区地壳各向异性特征

本研究使用内蒙古自治区数字测震台网2010年1月至2017年10月区域小地震的波形记录资料,采用SAM方法,进行了地壳剪切波分裂的分析,得到鄂尔多斯块体北缘与西缘地区地壳介质地震各向异性的初步研究结果.根据15个台站161个有效地震记录的分析,鄂尔多斯块体北缘与西缘地区的快剪切波平均偏振方向为NE44.4°±38.4°,慢剪切波平均时间延迟为1.7±1.6ms·km~(-1).研究区域的快剪切波偏振显示出两个优势方向,一个是NE方向,另一个是近NS方向.区内的逆冲凸起与走滑正倾断层构造对剪切波分裂产生了直接的影响,造成了剪切波分裂参数的复杂分布,反映了剪切波分裂参数受到区域应力和构造共同作用的影响.鄂尔多斯块体北缘的快波偏振特征有NE和近NS两个优势偏振方向,其东区与西区的快剪切波偏振表现出明显不同的特征.东区的第一快剪切波优势偏振方向为NE,第二快剪切波优势偏振方向为近NS;西区的第一快剪切波优势偏振方向为近EW,第二快剪切波优势偏振方向为近NS.鄂尔多斯块体北缘的区域背景主压应力方向可能总体上为近NS方向,但空间分布有差异,东区NE方向的优势偏振与西区近EW方向的优势偏振更可能反映了断裂与构造的影响.鄂尔多斯块体西缘的快剪切波偏振特征显示出非常清楚的NE向的优势偏振方向,近NS向的优势偏振方向则不太明显,反映出该地区复杂构造对各向异性分布的影响.慢波时间延迟呈现出西低东高的特点,时间延迟的高值出现在鄂尔多斯块体北缘的东部,时间延迟的这种西低东高的各向异性强度变化,可能反映了区域构造活动西强东弱的特性.     

软流圈物质运动对鄂尔多斯块体周缘断陷盆地运动特征的影响

研究软流圈物质运动及其对断陷盆地运动特征的影响,是揭示软流圈与岩石圈相互作用,认识华北克拉通破坏的深部动力学过程的基础.本文以鄂尔多斯块体周缘断陷盆地为研究对象,利用数值方法模拟了盆地底部软流圈物质的运动,进而分析了软流圈物质运动对周缘断陷盆地运动特征的影响.研究结果表明:(1)软流圈物质水平运动的区域流向为NWW-SEE向,流速基本一致,局部略有变化.随着深度增加,局部变化特征不再显著;(2)软流圈物质垂向运动存在区域性差异,其中鄂尔多斯体块体北部、西部以及北缘、西缘底部,物质以下沉流为主,尤其西缘下沉流更显著;块体中部、东部以及南缘、西南缘底部,以上升流为主;东缘底部,上升流与下沉流相间分布,以上升流为主.随着深度增加,上述区域性差异特征依然明显;(3)依据热物质的水平拖曳和垂向拉张作用对断陷盆地可能产生的影响,进一步推测,软流圈物质运动有利于北缘盆地的剪切走滑,东缘盆地的伸展拉张,南缘盆地的走滑兼拉张,西缘和西南缘盆地的走滑.     

鄂尔多斯块体西侧地壳各向异性初步研究

利用宁夏区域台网记录的2009年1月至2014年9月的近场小震波形资料, 使用剪切波分裂系统分析方法SAM方法, 对位于青藏高原东北缘的鄂尔多斯块体西侧进行了地壳各向异性研究, 共得到7个台站记录到的19条有效数据。 研究发现, 受复杂的局部构造、 应力场及断裂分布的影响, 研究区地壳各向异性在空间分布上呈现出分区性特点。 受区域构造应力场的控制, 台站的快剪切波偏振方向与区域构造应力的主压应力方向基本一致。 在构造上, 大致以中部的三关口—牛首山NNW向断裂为界, 可以分为南北两部分。 本研究显示, 以快剪切波偏振方向空间分布特征为划分依据, 大致以37°N为界划分南北部, 北部区域的快剪切波偏振方向为近N-S向, 与按构造划分的青藏高原东北缘—鄂尔多斯块体西侧北部区域主压应力场一致; 南部区域的快剪切波偏振方向为近E-W向, 同样与按构造划分的区域主压应力场一致。     

鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬-元城地区构造裂缝特征与形成期次的划分

通过分析鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬-元城地区野外地质露头与井下裂缝特征,结合构造应力场背景分析,获得以下认识：1)该区构造裂缝以斜交于最大主应力的单条裂缝为主,尤其以SWW-NEE或近EW向裂缝和NNE-SSW或近S-N向裂缝较为发育,并发育少量对应的NW-SE和NE-SW向共轭裂缝。2）根据露头区裂缝系统的切割关系,NE向和近S-N向延伸的裂缝为后期发育, NW向和NEE向延伸的裂缝为早期发育;3)燕山期北西-南东向压应力场背景下,早白垩世末构造抬升造成的主应力差是早期共轭裂缝形成的主要原因;喜山期区域北东-南西应力挤压是后一期延伸裂缝的主要原因。     

鄂尔多斯盆地前侏罗纪古地貌形成演化及沉积充填特征

采用河流阶地、河谷形态和残余厚度等方法,结合地震和钻井资料,恢复了鄂尔多斯盆地前侏罗纪古地貌形成演化阶段及其特征。结果表明,三叠纪末期盆地主要经历了两次特征不同的构造抬升侵蚀过程,第一次为整体性均衡抬升,抬升侵蚀作用较强;第二次为宽缓V字型不均衡抬升,抬升侵蚀作用相对较弱。前侏罗纪古地貌的形成是晚印支构造运动的侵蚀响应,根据抬升期次晚印支运动可以分为两个亚幕。随着抬升侵蚀的结束,古地貌中河谷首先开始了沉积充填,先后沉积了限制性河谷环境的富县组和半限制河谷环境的延安组延10段河流相地层。     

俄罗斯贝加尔湖北部 Yoko-Dovyren 层状纯橄岩-橄长岩-辉长岩地块: 结构、成分以及作为矿物原材料的用途

Yoko-Dovyren层状纯橄岩-橄长岩-辉长岩地块位于西伯利亚克拉通南部的一处褶皱构造框架中(俄罗斯贝加尔湖地区北部)。该地块的结构在其厚度最大的中部得到了着重研究。剖面底部主体成分为斜长橄榄岩,并依据内部的堆晶成分变化从下往上可分为五个主要的地层序列:纯橄岩→橄长岩→橄榄辉长岩→橄榄辉长苏长岩→石英辉长苏长岩以及含易变辉石的辉长岩。该地块的矿化包括铜-镍矿化、低硫型富铂族元素(PGE)矿化以及铬铁矿化等。另外,该地块也含多种非金属矿物原材料,如硼矿化、透辉石、各种镁质硅酸盐岩等。它们也包括纯橄岩、异剥橄榄岩和橄长岩,并以较高的品质产出,有望采掘加工成为建筑材料(水泥、混凝土、沥青混凝土和建筑陶瓷)。综合利用矿物原材料可增加矿床价值,并有助于建设环保型采矿工作体系。     

Pore Size Distribution of a Tight Sandstone Reservoir and its Effect on Micro Pore-throat Structure: A Case Study of the Chang 7 Member of the Xin’anbian Block,Ordos Basin,China

Pore distribution and micro pore-throat structure characteristics are significant for tight oil reservoir evaluation, but their relationship remains unclear. This paper selects the tight sandstone reservoir of the Chang 7 member of the Xin’anbian Block in the Ordos Basin as the research object and analyzes the pore size distribution and micro pore-throat structure using field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM), high-pressure mercury injection(HPMI), highpressure mercury injection, and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) analyses. The study finds that:(1) Based on the pore size distribution, the tight sandstone reservoir is characterized by three main patterns with different peak amplitudes. The former peak corresponds to the nanopore scale, and the latter peak corresponds to the micropore scale. Then, the tight sandstone reservoir is categorized into three types: type 1 reservoir contains more nanopores with a nanopore-to-micropore volume ratio of 82:18;type 2 reservoir has a nanopore-to-micropore volume ratio of 47:53;and type 3 reservoir contains more micropores with a nanopore-to-micropore volume ratio of 35:65.(2) Affected by the pore size distribution, the throat radius distributions of different reservoir types are notably offset. The type 1 reservoir throat radius distribution curve is weakly unimodal, with a relatively dispersed distribution and peak ranging from 0.01 μm to 0.025 μm. The type 2 reservoir’s throat radius distribution curve is single-peaked with a wide distribution range and peak from 0.1 μm to 0.25 μm. The type 3 reservoir’s throat radius distribution curve is single-peaked with a relatively narrow distribution and peak from 0.1 μm to 0.25 μm. With increasing micropore volume, pore-throat structure characteristics gradually improve.(3) The correlation between micropore permeability and porosity exceeds that of nanopores, indicating that the development of micropores notably influences the seepage capacity. In the type 1 reservoir, only the mean radius and effective porosity have suitable correlations with the nanopore and micropore porosities. The pore-throat structure parameters of the type 2 and 3 reservoirs have reasonable correlations with the nanopore and micropore porosities, indicating that the development of these types of reservoirs is affected by the pore size distribution. This study is of great significance for evaluating lacustrine tight sandstone reservoirs in China. The research results can provide guidance for evaluating tight sandstone reservoirs in other regions based on pore size distribution.     

Characteristics of Clay Minerals in the Luohe Formation in Zhenyuan Area,Ordos Basin,and its Uranium Prospecting SignificanceEI北大核心CSCD

Industrial uranium orebodies have recently been found through in-depth uranium exploration in the Luohe Formation in the southwestern Ordos Basin, which is an important breakthrough in deep prospecting for sandstone-type uranium deposits. The composition, content and characteristics of clay minerals in the Luohe Formation in the Zhenyuan area were systematically studied by means of thin section identification, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and altered mineral spectral scanning. Unlike the most important uranium-bearing rock series in the Zhiluo Formation in the northeast and southwest of the basin, the ore-bearing Luohe Formation sandstone has low contents of clay minerals while the clay mineral assemblages vary in different sand bodies. Among them, the main types of mudstone, oxidized sandstone, calcareous sandstone and mineralized sandstone are illite-smectite mixed-layer mineral and illite, followed by kaolinite and chlorite, the main types uranium-rich sandstone and gray-green sandstone are kaolinite and illite-smectite mixed-layer mineral, followed by illite and chlorite. Even though adsorption of clay minerals, such as chlorite, illite-smectite mixed-layer mineral, kaolinite, and illite may contribute to U enrichment and uranium mineral precipitation, no correlation between clays and uranium minerals have been observed, indicating that clay minerals are not the main factor affecting uranium enrichment during the deep metallogenic process. The study of clay minerals in the Luohe Formation sandstone demonstrated that there are at least two phases of chlorite and one phase of kaolinite in the study area, which respectively represent two phases of alkaline fluid and one phase of acid fluid activities, revealing a fluid phase transition of alkaline-acidic-alkaline. Therefore, the clay minerals can be used as an important indicator for uranium mineralization. © 2020, Science Press. All right reserved.