鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系沙漠相沉积特征及其水文地质意义

白垩纪鄂尔多斯盆地在燕山期抬升-沉降及气候演变的背景条件下,受水力、风力等地质作用,经历了早白垩世宜君-洛河期→环河期与罗汉洞期→泾川期两个沙漠沉积演化阶段。其中,洛河期和罗汉洞期是沙漠发育的两个主要时期,形成了旱谷、沙丘、丘间及沙漠湖等多类型沙漠亚相碎屑岩沉积。沙丘沉积砂岩作为白垩系沙漠相最主要的沉积岩石,具有分布稳定、厚度巨大、含盐量低、孔隙空间发育、储水性和透水性强等特点,不但具有良好的地下水赋存和循环条件,而且一般赋存着水质较好的地下水。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西北部下白垩统罗汉洞组中的铀矿化与沉积相

基于沉积相的研究认为鄂尔多斯盆地西北部罗汉洞期在缓倾斜坡带发育河流相一辫状河三角洲相一湖泊相沉积。依据酸解烃特征参数C1／∑C,C1／C2＋及酸解烃判别分析（z值法、Φ值法及判别因子法）论证了赋存于罗汉洞组地层中的烃气源于三叠系上统湖相生油岩系中的油型气。通过综合剖析赋存于罗汉洞组中油气的地球化学特征、油气还原蚀变特征和铀矿化关系,论证了罗汉洞组的褪色蚀变（漂白）是渗逸到该层位中的酸解烃类气体对岩石发生诱发蚀变的结果,论述了沉积成岩作用期间在辫状河三角洲相中发生铀初步富集,提出沉积相组合与油气还原蚀变带的空间配置是后期铀矿化空间定位的制约因素。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东部奥陶系风化壳岩溶古地貌特征及综合地质模型

密切结合勘探实际,以钻井、测井等地质资料为主要依据,以鄂尔多斯盆地东部奥陶系风化壳为对象,以多学科的地质理论与技术方法为指导,结合盆地构造演化,通过对奥陶系不整合侵蚀面上下地层组合情况的深入分析,把印模法与残厚法结果有机结合,深入探讨了奥陶系风化壳古地貌恢复的方法思路及其古地貌发育特征,探索了古地貌恢复的新方法--综合法,建立了解释和恢复古地貌单元属性的综合地质模型。研究结果表明：盆地东部奥陶系侵蚀不整合面上下的地层组合可以分别被划分为上薄下薄、上厚下厚、上厚下薄、上薄下厚4种基本型式以及上次厚下次薄、上次薄下次薄、上次薄下次厚、上次厚下次厚等8种子模型;相应的古地貌解释包括了岩溶高地、岩溶斜坡、岩溶盆地3个二级古地貌单元以及残丘、台地、残台、阶坪、沟谷、浅洼、深洼等11个三级古地貌单元。岩溶高地出现于研究区西南角,分布局限;岩溶斜坡占据了研究区的大部分,其主力地貌单元为斜坡台地与斜坡阶坪;岩溶盆地位于研究区东部,其主力地貌单元为盆地浅洼。     

Adsorption Mechanism and Kinetic Characterization of Bituminous Coal under High Temperatures and Pressures in the Linxing‐Shenfu Area

The majority of coalbed methane(CBM) in coal reservoirs is in adsorption states in coal matrix pores. To reveal the adsorption behavior of bituminous coal under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions and to discuss the microscopic control mechanism affecting the adsorption characteristics, isothermal adsorption experiments under hightemperature and high-pressure conditions, low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption-desorption experiments and CO2 adsorption experiments were performed on coal samples. Results show that the adsorption capacity of coal is comprehensively controlled by the maximum vitrinite reflectance(Ro, max), as well as temperature and pressure conditions. As the vitrinite reflectance increases, the adsorption capacity of coal increases. At low pressures, the pressure has a significant effect on the positive effect of adsorption, but the effect of temperature is relatively weak. As the pressure increases, the effect of temperature on the negative effect of adsorption gradually becomes apparent, and the influence of pressure gradually decreases. Considering pore volumes of pores with diameters of 1.7-100 nm, the peak volume of pores with diameters 10-100 nm is higher than that from pores with diameters 1.7-10 nm, especially for pores with diameters of 40-60 nm, indicating that pores with diameters of 10-100 nm are the main contributors to the pore volume. The pore specific surface area shows multiple peaks, and the peak value appears for pore diameters of 2-3 nm, indicating that this pore diameter is the main contributor to the specific surface area. For pore diameters of 0.489-1.083 nm, the pore size distribution is bimodal, with peak values at 0.56-0.62 nm and 0.82-0.88 nm. The adsorption capability of the coal reservoir depends on the development degree of the supermicroporous specific surface area, because the supermicroporous pores are the main contributors to the specific pore area. Additionally, the adsorption space increases as the adsorption equilibrium pressure increases. Under the same pressure, as the maximum vitrinite reflectance increases, the adsorption space increases. In addition, the cumulative reduction in the surface free energy increases as the maximum vitrinite reflectance increases. Furthermore, as the pressure increases, the surface free energy of each pressure point gradually decreases, indicating that as the pressure increases, it is increasingly difficult to adsorb methane molecules.     

鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长7段富有机质页岩中藻类化石的发现及地质意义

鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长7段富有机质页岩是该盆地中生界含油系统的主力烃源岩,其有机质丰度高,类型好,具有巨大的生烃潜力。该套烃源岩中有机质的富集很大程度上取决于长7期的高古生产力及其提供的充足的有机质。长7期藻类勃发的存在已被多数学者所接受,但是目前还缺乏直观、有力的证据。笔者等通过薄片和扫描电镜观察、能谱分析,在长7段的脉状黄铁矿附近和碳酸盐结核中发现了属种单一、分布丰度高的藻类化石,它们呈现出近似球状的轮廓,在中部分布着一条裂缝。这些藻类化石的发现具有重要的地质意义,它为长7期的藻类勃发提供了很好的证据,也为该时期热液活动的重要作用提供了有力的支撑。     

陕西安塞油田长2和长3储层特征及其非均质性

安塞油田长2、长3油层组主要发育辫状河和曲流河沉积,其中河道砂体展布形态受沉积微相控制,呈NE—SW向带状展布,是主要的油气储集层。原生粒间孔和次生粒间溶蚀孔是目的层位的主要孔隙类型,孔喉结构为中小孔—中细喉型及小孔—微喉型,前者为中上等储层,后者为中等储层。储集层孔隙结构和渗透性受成岩事件的影响较大,主要包括机械压实-化学压溶作用、胶结作用和溶蚀作用等。储层孔隙丧失的主要原因是压实、压溶作用和胶结作用,其中,石英、长石次生加大和方解石胶结是造成储层物性降低的主要原因,而包围在碎屑颗粒周围的绿泥石薄膜一方面使粒间孔减小,另一方面阻止了部分石英、长石加大及方解石的沉淀,在一定程度上保存了部分原生粒间孔隙,从而使储层物性较好。表生成岩阶段的大气降水及晚成岩阶段有机质分解形成的酸性流体,是碎屑长石和部分胶结物溶解从而形成大量次生孔隙的主要介质。安塞油田长2和长3油层组在纵向上隔夹层较发育,沉积韵律主要为正反复合韵律,导致了储层较强的非均质性,其中长3油层组较长2油层组非均质性强。     

Geochronological and geochemical constraints on the Erguna massif basement,NE China – subduction history of the Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic crust

We present new geochronological and geochemical data for granites and volcanic rocks of the Erguna massif, NE China. These data are integrated with previous findings to better constrain the nature of the massif basement and to provide new insights into the subduction history of Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic crust and its closure. U–Pb dating of zircons from 12 granites previously mapped as Palaeoproterozoic and from three granites reported as Neoproterozoic yield exclusively Phanerozoic ages. These new ages, together with recently reported isotopic dates for the metamorphic and igneous basement rocks, as well as Nd–Hf crustal-residence ages, suggest that it is unlikely that pre-Mesoproterozoic basement exists in the Erguna massif. The geochronological and geochemical results are consistent with a three-stage subduction history of Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic crust beneath the Erguna massif, as follows. (1) The Erguna massif records a transition from Late Devonian A-type magmatism to Carboniferous adakitic magmatism. This indicates that southward subduction of the Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic crust along the northern margin of the Erguna massif began in the Carboniferous. (2) Late Permian–Middle Triassic granitoids in the Erguna massif are distributed along the Mongol–Okhotsk suture zone and coeval magmatic rocks in the Xing’an terrane are scarce, suggesting that they are unlikely to have formed in association with the collision between the North China Craton and the Jiamusi–Mongolia block along the Solonker–Xra Moron–Changchun–Yanji suture zone. Instead, the apparent subduction-related signature of the granites and their proximity to the Mongol–Okhotsk suture zone suggest that they are related to southward subduction of Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic crust. (3) A conspicuous lack of magmatic activity during the Middle Jurassic marks an abrupt shift in magmatic style from Late Triassic–Early Jurassic normal and adakite-like calc-alkaline magmatism (pre-quiescent episode) to Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous A-type felsic magmatism (post-quiescent episode). Evidently a significant change in geodynamic processes took place during the Middle Jurassic. Late Triassic–Early Jurassic subduction-related signatures and adakitic affinities confirm the existence of subduction during this time. Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous post-collision magmatism constrains the timing of the final closure of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean involving collision between the Jiamusi–Mongolia block and the Siberian Craton to the Middle Jurassic.     

砂岩中的凝灰质填隙物分异特征及其对油气储集空间影响--以鄂尔多斯盆地西北部二叠系为例

运用铸体薄片、扫描电镜、能谱分析及溶蚀实验等多种测试手段对鄂尔多斯盆地西北部二叠系砂岩填隙物进行了成份和成岩演化分析,认为砂岩中的填隙物主要为凝灰质填隙物,而不是普通意义上的粘土矿物。在有残余粒间孔隙或裂缝沟通的较开放性水环境里,凝灰质填隙物蚀变程度强,Si、Al、K、Na及Ca等离子因活性不同而发生分异,蚀变为“脏”高岭石及硅质团块等产物;封闭环境下,凝灰质填隙物保存完好,偏光显微镜下显示出似非晶态波状消光,活性强的K、Na元素含量仍然很高。凝灰质填隙物分异过程中,可以产生一定数量的溶蚀孔隙及晶间孔隙,砂岩储集性能得到了明显改善。对声波时差异常带砂岩进行大量的铸体薄片观察,证实了本区砂岩粒间溶蚀孔隙发育,凝灰质填隙物发生了强烈溶蚀。综合分析26口井的资料,发现垂向上凝灰质填隙物溶蚀强度呈箱型展布,箱内“脏”高岭石及溶蚀孔隙发育,箱顶部凝灰质填隙物含量高,保存好,并缺少“脏”高岭石团块出现。     

鄂尔多斯盆地周边断裂运动学分析与晚中生代构造应力体制转换

基于对鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘构造带、中央断裂、东缘边界带和东北部地区的断裂几何特征、运动学及其活动期次的野外观察和测量,并根据断层面上滑动矢量的叠加关系和区域构造演化历史,确定了鄂尔多斯盆地周边地带晚中生代构造主应力方向、应力体制及其转换序列,提出了4阶段构造演化模式和引张-挤压交替转换过程。早中侏罗世,盆地处于引张应力环境,引张方向为N-S至NNE-SSW向。中侏罗世晚期至晚侏罗世,构造应力场转换为挤压体制,盆地周缘遭受近W-E、NW-SE、NE-SW等多向挤压应力作用。早白垩世,盆地构造应力场转换为引张应力体制,引张应力方向为近W-E、NW-SE和NE-SW向。早白垩世晚期至晚白垩世,盆地应力体制再次发生转换,从前期的引张应力体制转换为NW-SE向挤压应力体制。晚中生代构造应力体制转换和应力场方向变化不仅记录了不同板块之间汇聚产生的远程效应,同时记录了盆地深部构造-热活动事件,并对盆地原型进行了一定的改造。     

两广交界地区壶垌片麻状复式岩体的年代学和地球化学：对云开地块北缘早古生代构造-岩浆作用的启示

本文对两广交界地区发育的壶垌片麻状复式岩体进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和岩石学、地球化学、Sr-Nd-Pb同位素的分析研究。该复式岩体主要由片麻状英云闪长岩、片麻状花岗闪长岩和片麻状二长花岗岩组成,获得片麻状花岗闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为443.1±2.0Ma。其中片麻状英云闪长岩和片麻状花岗闪长岩总体具有较低硅(SiO2=62.92%~67.54%)、较低碱(K2O+Na2O=3.98%~5.17%)、准铝质(A/CNK=0.83~0.93)的化学组成特征,属于中钾含角闪石钙碱性花岗岩类(ACG);而片麻状二长花岗岩具有高硅(SiO2=71.55%~72.78%)、高碱(K2O+Na2O=6.65%~7.57%)、准铝-弱过铝质(A/CNK=0.92~1.05)的化学组成特征,属于高钾钙碱性花岗岩类(KCG)。岩石表现出富集大离子亲石元素(如U、Ba、Rb和Th)和轻稀土元素,而Nb、Ta和Ti等高场强元素和重稀土元素明显亏损,并具有较高的锶同位素初始比值((87Sr/86Sr)i=0.71268~0.71482)和较低的εNd(t)值(-9.4~-2.6),反映其具有俯冲消减作用形成的岛弧岩浆岩地球化学特征。结合区域地质特征分析认为,壶垌片麻状复式岩体很可能是在扬子板块和华夏板块之间的洋壳岩石圈向南俯冲的地球动力学背景下,引发软流圈地幔上涌,其所带来的热能诱发了岩石圈地幔和上覆云开地块的古老地壳物质重熔,形成以壳源为主的壳幔混源母岩浆,再经历不同程度分离结晶作用,从而形成了本区大陆边缘弧型岩浆岩。因此,壶垌片麻状复式岩体是云开地块北缘早古生代洋陆俯冲-碰撞的地质记录。