鄂尔多斯盆地Y区块长6致密油层裂缝特征

长6致密油层是鄂尔多斯盆地Y区块的主力产层,裂缝发育。目前单井产能低,水淹和水窜现象严重,部分水井注水困难,严重影响了开发效果。为了解决影响开发效果较为严重的裂缝问题,本文通过野外露头和岩心宏观、微观观察,注水指示曲线和压力降落试井资料分析,应力测定,停泵压力梯度与上覆应力梯度关系研究,结合沉积环境,对天然裂缝、人工裂缝发育特征,人工裂缝影响因素,天然裂缝对人工裂缝性质的影响、人工裂缝形态及分布规律等方面进行研究。结果表明：研究区长6油层宏观裂缝主要是以垂直缝为主的区域性构造裂缝,微裂缝主要是以水平缝为主的成岩缝;人工裂缝主要受控于天然裂缝,天然裂缝主要受控于砂体厚度与泥质体积分数,砂体厚度越薄越易形成天然裂缝,泥质体积分数越高越易形成变形构造。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南缘延安地区中深层地热能特征研究

近年来水热型、浅层地热能发展产生的缺点问题日益突出,以取热不取水为原则,中深层U型水平对接换热技术成为新的技术方向。通过对鄂尔多斯盆地南缘延安地区地层岩性、地温梯度特征、热储层特征等特征研究,分析了研究区中深层地热资源潜力,研究结果表明鄂尔多斯盆地南缘奥陶系马家沟组为良好的热传导型热储,深部地温梯度为3.05℃/100m。当马家沟组深度在3157m时,对应温度达到110.67℃。测井及注水试验结果表明,奥陶系马家沟组为极弱含水层,几乎没有流体,属于良好的干热岩型地热资源,具有较高的开采价值。充分确定了该区地热地质条件良好、地热资源潜力巨大。为合理、高效开发利用该区地热资源提供了科学依据,对进一步开发利用该区的地热能具有重要意义。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘煤系页岩气储层特征评价

以鄂尔多斯盆地东缘石炭-二叠系富有机质泥页岩为研究对象,基于大量的钻孔泥页岩采样和分析测试,分区分层段对页岩气储层特征进行了评价。结果表明:鄂尔多斯盆地东缘石炭-二叠系富有机质暗色泥页岩广泛发育,泥页岩总厚度为90m左右,有机碳含量为1. 5%~5%,为Ⅲ型高成熟-过成熟状态的有机质;泥页岩脆性指数平均为31. 7%~42. 6%;储层具有微小的孔隙结构,平均孔径12. 2nm,平均比表面积6. 8m^2/g,平均孔体积0. 017cm^3/g,孔隙度为0. 82%~5. 91%;多数泥页岩样品的兰氏体积小于1m^3/t;总体而言,研究区页岩气源岩和储层物性条件良好,但含气量偏低。     

Genesis of green sandstone/mudstone from Middle Jurassic Zhiluo Formation in the Dongsheng Uranium Orefield,Ordos Basin and its enlightenment for uranium mineralization

The middle Jurassic Zhiluo Formation in the Dongsheng is comprised of a big set of green sandstone/mudstone with most of uranium orebodies occurring in close proximity to its footwall. By synthesizing field observations, region analysis, data collected from previous coal and uranium borehole, a regional north-south geological profile across the entire orefield is conducted. Experiments on sandstone/mudstone including rock mineral identification, clastic micromorphology and element geochemistry were carried out. Information from the geological profile indicates that green sandstone/mudstone is widely present in a stable horizon with clear boundaries to the country rock. Microscopic observations and geochemical data on sandstone/mudstone exhibit similar mineral composition with almost identical slightly flat, minor Eu enriched, Ce depleted chondrite-normalized REE patterns. Furthermore, the green clay membrane of the clasts has a complex composition containing chlorite/smectite, green smectite, chlorite, and green kaolinite, with elements including Fe, Mg, Si, and Al. These above results indicate that the green sandstone/mudstone underwent resemble sedimentary diagenetic processes as the country rock without transformation by large-scale regional fluid, while the existence of Fe²⁺-rich membrane is the main factor to the green sandstone/mudstone. Further concentration of the pre-enrichment uranium during diagenetic process led to the final formation for uranium deposits. The above studies are conducive to enrich the metallogenic mechanism of sandstone type uranium deposits and could provide certain reference for uranium exploration and deployment.     

延安地区奥陶系马家沟组上组合膏盐岩成盐沉积演化模式研究

延安地区经过十余年油气勘探,在奥陶系马家沟组获得了一系列的突破,其中马家沟组上组合是天然气勘探的重要层位,该区是奥陶系碳酸盐岩- 膏盐岩共生体系的主要沉积区,其中马家沟组上组合马五43- 马五32膏盐沉积是海退蒸发环境的典型代表。本文基于延安气田奥陶系天然气勘探的最新进展,利用现场岩心观察、实验分析、钻井及测井资料,根据沉积构造、膏盐岩发育规模、岩性组合方式等,对研究区奥陶系马家沟组上组合膏盐岩的地质特征进行了详细的阐述,系统地总结了研究区马家沟组上组合膏盐岩的沉积背景及沉积相、建立了沉积演化模式,为延安气田膏盐岩研究提供基础资料。研究表明,在西高东低的沉积格局背景下,地层充填呈西薄东厚,南薄北厚的特点;自西南向东北依次为膏质白云岩- 膏岩- 盐岩沉积区;垂向发育三种岩石类型组合：Ⅰ型膏质白云岩- 硬石膏结核白云岩- 膏质白云岩- 泥云岩组合,Ⅱ型膏岩- 硬石膏结核白云岩- 膏质白云岩- 泥云岩组合,Ⅲ型盐岩- 膏岩- 硬石膏结核白云岩- 膏质白云岩组合;沉积环境为相对安静且低能的潟湖沉积模式。沉积环境演化为极强蒸发盐化→蒸发膏化→相对开放。研究成果为鄂尔多斯盆地其他地区奥陶系膏盐岩地质研究提供借鉴,对延安气田油气勘探具有重要指导意义。     

鄂尔多斯盆地纳岭沟铀矿床板状矿体形成机制:来自含矿层黏土矿物研究的制约

纳岭沟铀矿床是近年来在鄂尔多斯盆地北部发现的一个大型铀矿床。与典型层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿不同,纳岭沟铀矿床具有矿体呈板状、似层状产出与铀矿物以铀石为主等特点。文章通过扫描电镜与X衍射等方法对含矿层不同地球化学分带砂岩黏土矿物组合类型、相对含量的变化开展了系统的研究,为该区铀成矿模式与板状矿体的形成机制提供依据。研究结果表明,含矿层砂岩中黏土矿物以呈蜂窝状、片絮状产出的蒙脱石为主,其次为呈片状、书页状及蠕虫状产出的高岭石与呈叶片状、花朵状集合体产出的绿泥石,局部可见伊利石与蒙脱石向绿泥石转化而成的绿蒙混层;从二次还原绿色带→矿带与原生带,呈现蒙脱石、绿泥石明显减少,高岭石含量与w(TOC)、CH_4明显增加的趋势,说明二次还原绿色带与矿带之间存在E_h-pH突变界面;含矿层经历了弱碱性大气降水(含铀含氧)、酸性流体(有机酸与煤成气)、中-低温碱性热液油气与富Na~+、Ca~(2+)的弱碱性流体(盆地卤水)的共同作用,其中弱碱性大气降水与中-低温碱性热液混合而成的碱性-氧化成矿热液与下伏延安组煤系地层演化产生的酸性-还原流体(有机酸与煤成气)在相互接触面上因Eh-pH突变而造成铀石的沉淀,并在E_h-pH突变界面上形成板状矿体。     

Crustal structure of northeastern Tibetan plateau and Ordos block: Waveform interpretation of the Maqen-Jingbian seismic refraction profile

The Maqen-Jingbian wide-angle seismic reflection and refraction experiment was carried out in 1998, which aims at determining detailed structure in the crust and top of the upper mantle and understanding structural relation between the northeastern Tibetan plateau and the Ordos block. The 1-D crustal models inferred by waveform inversion show strong variations in crustal structure, which can be classified into four different types: ① an Ordos platform with the Proterozoic crust and two high-velocity layers in the northeast section, ② a transitional crust between the northeastern Tibetan plateau and the Ordos block across the Haiyuan earthquake zone, ③ the Qilian orogenic zone in the central part, and 4 the Qinling orogenic zone in the southwestern section. The Moho depth increases from ~42 km to ~62 km from the NE part to the SW part of the profile. The crystalline crust consists of the upper crust and lower crust in northeastern Tibetan plateau. There is an obviously low P-wave velocity layer dipping northeastward, which is 12–13 km thick, at the bottom of the upper crust in Qinling orogenic zone and Haiyuan earthquake zone. The lower crust is characterized by alternating high and low P-wave velocity layers. Beneath Ordos block, i.e., the NE part of the profile, the crust shows quite a smooth increase in P-wave velocity down to the Moho at a depth of about 42 km.     

鄂尔多斯古陆核内部中生代晚期火山岩的发现及其地质意义

在古老、稳定的鄂尔多斯古陆核上, 经过初步的金刚石找矿工作发现了一些来自深源的金刚石指示矿物; 并在这些指示矿物异常区的源头, 发现了玄武质岩浆岩。这些深源岩浆主要呈弱的喷发或爆发形式或裂隙式贯入为表现特征。它的发现可以证明冀鲁辽古陆核在中生代强烈活化的同时, 鄂尔多斯古陆核也出现较弱的岩浆活动。它提供了一个研究大陆岩石圈的窗口, 同时对本地区的金刚石找矿可能具有指导意义。      

鄂尔多斯盆地上石炭统—中二叠统砂岩物源分析*

对区域地质、地层接触关系、砂岩组分、重矿物及微量元素等的综合分析与研究结果表明,鄂尔多斯盆地北部上石炭统—中二叠统砂岩的物源区主要为再旋回造山带物源区,并可划分出乌海—银川、杭锦旗—东胜及准格尔旗—府谷3个物源区。受物源分异的影响,盆地内部石英砂岩分布以杭锦旗—东胜为界,具有明显的东西分区性。其中石英砂岩主要分布于盆地西部,古水流、重矿物及砂岩组分指示物源来自阿拉善古陆。而盆地东部总体上是岩屑砂岩的覆盖区,物源主要来自盆地北部和东北部阴山地区。盆地西南部及南部砂岩的物源区为克拉通地块和再旋回造山区,物源区与秦祁造山带的演化关系密切,具有稳定与活动的双重特性,可划分出海原、同心—中宁,平凉—固原、环县及耀县—宜君、富县3个主要物源区。南北物源汇水区在环县—富县—乡宁一带,呈北西西向狭长带状延伸,并从山西期—盒8期呈逐渐南移趋势。盆地西部物源到下石盒子组沉积时期才提供粗碎屑物质补给,以含有较多的长石石英砂岩为特征。周至柳叶河石炭—二叠系砂岩的物源区为再旋回造山带物源区和陆块物源区,为北秦岭造山带内山间盆地,属于盆地外缘,并与鄂尔多斯盆地呈连续过渡的关系。