《国家一、二等水准测量规范》新旧版本的比较

《国家一、二等水准测量规范》(GB/T12897-2006和GB12897-91)对建立一、二等水准网的布设原则、施测方法、精度指标和技术要求等环节做出了规定。从这些规定出发,对新、旧规范进行了分析,比较了两者之间的变化,进而说明新规范的发布和实施对今后水准测量的开展提供了新的技术方向指引和技术支持。     

Feinauflösung von UV-Spektren durch Differentiation 1. und 2. Ordnung im Rahmen der Kohlenwasserstoffanalyse

Fine Resolution of UV Spectra by Differentiation of 1st and 2nd Order in Hydrocarbon Analysis Basic UV spectra (0th order) in unpolar solvents such as cyclohexane are useful — though with some reservations — in characterizing mineral oils occuring in pure form and aromatic fractions in environmental samples separated by chromatographic techniques. The common standard raffinates, biogenic hydrocarbons or other mixes of hydrocarbons including polycyclic aromatics can be approximately identified. The spectra of 1st and 2nd order improve the reliability of the results and permit above all to detect polycondensated aromatics even in traces. Finally, partial spectra of 1st and 2nd order in the wavelength ranges 205…240, 220…260, and 260…320 nm allow because of their very specific structures a simple and fast practically definite assignment to the above-mentioned groups of aromatics. Analogously, substituted aromatics in detergents and other technical products have already been identified. The method is suitable as a fast preliminary test, at least.     

中国大陆主要强震区强震活动的关联分析

运用灰色系统理论的关联分析方法研究了我国大陆主要强震区强震活动的关联性。结果表明:青藏强震区、南北强震带和北疆强震区强震活动的相互关联程度较强;华北强震区的强震活动与其他强震区的关系较弱,具有一定的独立性。     

新疆地区7级强震的有序性及其预测意义的再认识

280年来，新疆及其邻近地区M≥7级强震在时间间隔上具有良好的有序性，各有序值之间关系密切，其序结构整齐规则，具有预测功能。据此跟踪讨论了1996年阿图什6．9级和喀喇昆仑山7．1级强震后该地区M≥7地震趋势。综合分析结果表明，下次M≥7强震可能发生在2004、2009和2015年前后。     

Linear combinations of order statistics to estimate the quantiles of generalized pareto and extreme values distributions

 Ad hoc techniques for estimating the quantiles of the Generalized Pareto (GP) and the Generalized Extreme Values (GEV) distributions are introduced. The estimators proposed are based on new estimators of the position and the scale parameters recently introduced in the Literature. They provide valuable estimates of the quantiles of interest both when the shape parameter is known and when it is unknown (this latter case being of great relevance in practical applications). In addition, weakly-consistent estimators are introduced, whose calculation does not require the knowledge of any parameter. The procedures are tested on simulated data, and comparisons with other techniques are shown. The research was partially supported by Contract n. ENV4-CT97-0529 within the project “FRAMEWORK” of the European Community – D.G. XII. Grants by “Progetto Giovani Ricercatori” are also acknowledged.     

A note on the statistics of ordered peaks in stationary stochastic processes

Numerical simulation experiments have been carried out to evaluate the relative performance of three approximate formulations owing to Amini and Trifunac,[1] Gupta and Trifunac[2] and Basu et al.[3] for probability distributions of ordered peaks in stationary stochastic processes. The first two formulations are based on the assumption that the unordered peaks are statistically independent; whereas the formulation of Basu et al.[3] considers the dependence via Markov transition probability. In the formulation of Gupta and Trifunac,[2] the probability distribution of nth order peak is inherently conditioned by the fact that at most (n−1) peaks can occur with higher amplitudes and, thus, the ordered peaks are necessarily dependent. In this paper, ensembles of stationary time-histories are generated for three PSDFs representing a narrow-band, a broad-band and a band-limited white noise type of processes. Comparison of the results for the expected value and standard deviation for various orders of peaks, obtained by averaging over these ensembles, with the corresponding results obtained from the above mentioned three approximations, defined in terms of the moments of the PSDFs, has shown that the formulation of Gupta and Trifunac[2] describes the data well.     

当前全球矿业经济秩序的主要问题

当前全球矿业领域矿产品供应存在脆弱性,不平等广泛存在,资源导致的贫富差距巨大,矿产品投资和贸易限制增加,矿产品不同环节的集中和垄断甚至投机普遍存在,矿业纠纷不断等。这些问题相互交织,互为因果,影响了全球层面资源领域的可持续发展。     

云南德钦加仁铜矿含矿岩体构造及含矿性

与加仁岩体有关的铜多金属矿床(点)较多,岩体构造复杂。在岩体分布区,划分岩体内部和外部宏观构造,查明不同构造之间的区别和联系,应是找矿的前题和基础,更是评价和预测矿产资源潜力的必要条件和首要任务。