监测网顾及可区分标准的解析二类设计

在变形体的变形模型不完全清楚的情形下,须用可区分度标准进行监测网的设计。根据展式,首次导出了监测网顾及可区分标准的解析二类设计模型,并对其解算及算例中以说明。     

Octahedral cation ordering in olivine at high temperature. II: an in situ neutron powder diffraction study on synthetic MgFeSiO4 (Fa50)

 The partitioning of Fe and Mg between the M1 and M2 octahedral sites of olivine has been investigated by in situ time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction. The degree of M-cation order was determined from direct measurements of site occupancies in a synthetic sample of Fo50Fa50 heated to 1250 °C at the Fe-FeO oxygen buffer. Fe shows slight preference for M1 at temperatures below about 600 °C, progressively disordering on heating to this temperature. Above 630 °C, the temperature at which site preferences cross over (T _cr), Fe preferentially occupies M2, becoming progressively more ordered into M2 on increasing temperature. The cation-ordering behaviour is discussed in relation to the temperature dependence of the M1 and M2 site geometries, and it is suggested that vibrational entropy, crystal field effects and changes in bond characteristics play a part in the cross-over of partitioning behaviour. The temperature dependence of site ordering is modelled using a Landau expansion of the free energy of ordering of the type ΔG = −hQ + gTQ +  (T − T _c)Q ² +  Q ⁴, with a/h = 0.00406 K⁻¹, b/h = 2.3, T _c = 572 K and g/h = 0.00106 K⁻¹. These results suggest that the high-temperature ordering behaviour across the forsterite-fayalite join will have a bearing on the activity-composition relations of this important rock-forming mineral, and indicate that Fe-Mg olivine solid solutions become less ideal as temperature increases. Received: 12 August 1999 / Accepted: 25 April 2000     

Crystal chemistry, cation ordering and thermoelastic behaviour of CoMgSiO4 olivine at high temperature as studied by in situ neutron powder diffraction

The thermal expansion, structural changes and the site partitioning of Co and Mg in synthetic CoMgSiO₄ olivine have been studied by in situ time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction as a function of temperature, between 25 and 1,000°C. Thermal expansion of the unit cell dimensions and volume are linear within this temperature range and give no indications of a phase transition, although the thermoelastic behaviour indicates a slight strain minimum around 700°C. Co²⁺ shows a strong preference for the M1 site throughout this temperature range with an oscillatory behaviour; it decreases slightly at about 300°C, climbing up to nearly its original value at around 800°C and then decreasing by about 30% at 1,000°C. This behaviour is in contrast with that of (Fe, Mg)₂SiO₄ olivine, in which the initial Fe²⁺ site preference for the M1 site switches to the M2 site beyond a cross-over temperature. The oscillatory site preference in (CoMg)-olivine as a function of temperature is reflected in the M–O polyhedral volume changes and M–O bond lengths, as well as, thermoelastic strain and atomic thermal displacement parameters. The imbalance between the increasing vibrational and decreasing configurational entropy contributions, together with covalent bonding effects rather than crystal field contributions, seem to drive the cation partitioning in (CoMg)-olivine.     

一个以遗传算法为基础的结构可靠性分析方法

本文首先总结了一次二阶矩法在结构可靠性分析时的五个弱点。针对其在寻求验算点时需要求极限状态函数的导数以及在处理多峰性极限状态函数时存在的不收敛或收敛于局部验算点等弱点，探讨了将遗传算法应用于结构可靠性分析的可能性，并在分析其应用时存在的具体问题的基础上提出了一个以智能生物为基础的遗传算法。本文的分析计算表明：遗传算法在结构可靠性分析中是适用的，它可以克服一次二阶矩法在求解验算点时存在的几个弱点。本     

Planning versus youth: Stamping out spatial unruliness in Harare

The paper examines the illegal occupation and use of urban spaces by Harare’s youth and the ensuing tussles with the repressive machinery of the local authority and the nation-state. It analyses efforts by planning to contain rampant spatial unruliness. The paper maps the patterns of official hostile responses to the illegal activities of the youth whose daily routines inevitably entail the disregard of the spatial planning framework as reflected in existing legal and regulatory controls. The analysis reveals the reliance by the urban planning and management system on the use of force and violence, a feat made possible by the mobilisation of the repressive state apparatus. The discussion argues that what comes out in the relationship between the order-imposing planning system and the regulation-flouting youth is a situation that can largely be comprehended by turning to the non-progressive side of planning.     

Encyclopaedic vision: Speculating on The Dictionary of Human Geography

Since the turn of the millennium, human geography has witnessed the publishing of an increasing number encyclopaedias and dictionaries as well as books under the headings of “handbooks”, “readers” and “companions” to different fields within the discipline. In the present paper, I take as a point of departure this encyclopaedic “frenzy” in order to speculate on the works and values of a long-standing and authoritative geographical companion, The Dictionary of Human Geography (DHG) [Johnston, R.J., Gregory, D., Haggett, P., Smith, D.M., Stoddart, D.R. (Eds.), 1981. The Dictionary of Human Geography. Blackwell, Oxford; Johnston, R.J., Gregory, D., Smith, D.M. (Eds.), 1986a. The Dictionary of Human Geography, second ed. Blackwell, Oxford; Johnston, R.J., Gregory, D., Smith, D.M. (Eds.), 1994. The Dictionary of Human Geography, third ed. Blackwell, Oxford; Johnston, R.J., Gregory, D., Pratt, G., Watts, M. (Eds.), 2000a. The Dictionary of Human Geography, fourth ed. Blackwell, Oxford]. Apart from being subject to regular book reviews, the DHG has escaped attention from geographers critically engaged in debating the works of the discipline. It is argued here that this is due to the fact that the DHG appears to have established itself as an apparently objective recording of human geographers’ myriad of interests. The DHG is, however, a product of complex webs of subjective, situated concerns and thus a version of the discipline deserving of debate.     

International Journal of Sediment Research(IJSR)-Order Form(2015)(ISSN 1001-6279)

正Editing Board address:IRTCES,20 West Chegongzhuang Rd.,Beijing 100048,China IJSR is the journal of THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)and is edited by the International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES).Main topics:Fluvial and estuarine processes Mechanics of sediment transport Soil erosion and sediment yield in upland Soil conservation,including socio-economic aspects     

A tentative model for the explanation of Båth law using the order parameter of seismicity in natural time

Using the order parameter of seismicity defined in natural time, we suggest a simple model for the explanation of Båth law, according to which a mainshock differs in magnitude from its largest aftershock by approximately 1.2 regardless of the mainshock magnitude. In addition, the validity of Båth law is studied in the Global Centroid Moment Tensor catalogue by using two different aftershock definitions. It is found that the mean of this difference, when considering all the pairs mainshock-largest aftershock, does not markedly differ from 1.2 and the corresponding distributions do not depend on the mainshock’s magnitude threshold in a statistically significant manner. Finally, the analysis of the cumulative distribution functions provides evidence in favour of the proposed model.     

热河生物群爬行类化石Monjurosuchus splendens中文译名讨论及其属种分类位置研究简史

Monjurosuchus splendens是辽宁西部热河生物群中最早被正式命名的爬行类化石,该属种名称在最初以英文发表的论文中并没有明确其含义,导致它的中文称谓有"文珠龙"(属名)、"荣耀满洲鳄"、"楔齿满洲鳄"等几种说法.本文认为属名(Monjurosuchus)应尊重最初命名者论文中的日文摘要表述的含义,称之为...     

基于TOPSIS和热点分析的都汶公路沿线地质生态环境承载力评价

针对山区公路沿线复杂地质生态环境动态变化等问题, 以都江堰 - 汶川公路沿线区域为研究对象, 提出了一种基于承载力综合质量和空间聚类关系对区域地质生态环境承载力评价的方法, 实现了对具有地质灾害易发特点的山区公路沿线区域承载力状况的科学评价。通过自然 - 环境 - 人文模型构建区域承载力状况评估指标体系, 借助层次分析法确定各评价指标因子的权重, 采用TOPSIS算法（逼近理想解排序方法）进行计算并加权叠加得到承载力综合质量状况, 结合热点分析的结果对研究区的承载力状况进行等级划分。结果表明： 研究区的地质环境、 生态环境、 社会经济承载力质量空间分布皆呈现出高度聚集性, 划入适宜建设区的面积占比31.12%, 后备调控区的面积占比31.98%, 不宜建设区面积占比36.79%, 研究区内的映秀镇、 漩口镇和都江堰所组成的三角区呈现大面积的高值聚集区, 承载力综合质量好, 空间聚集度高, 利于规划建设。评价结果为区域承载力准确评价和空间利用格局研究提供了新思路, 也可为防灾减灾工作提供参考。