HIRS/2 亮温直接应用于数值预报的试验研究

将极轨卫星HIRS/2探测仪的高分辨率亮温资料，经过定标、定位和其它一些预处理后，不经过反演，直接和其它观测资料一起用最优内插(OI)方法进行分析，给出数值预报初始场，并用国家气象中心的准业务有限区预报模式做预报试验。对比试验结果表明，在数值预报中直接使用亮温比使用反演资料更好。     

Whole mantle SH velocity model constrained by waveform inversion based on three-dimensional Born kernels

A whole mantle SH velocity model is obtained by using a unique data set and techniques. Body and surface waveforms including major and multi-orbit phases are used as a data set and are inverted by using 3-D Born kernels. The resultant model, SH18CE, reveals the different natures of the two major upwelling systems: the strong low velocity anomalies beneath Africa extend for more than 1000 km from the core–mantle boundary (CMB), whereas those beneath the Pacific are restricted to 300–400 km from the CMB. The results also show the variable natures of stagnant slabs on the 670 discontinuity around Japan: the depths of the strongest high velocity anomalies within the stagnant slabs are different region by region, which is consistent with the detailed delay time tomography model in this area.     

Approaches for modeling longitudinal dispersion in pore-networks

The purpose of this study is to quantify the dispersivity in the longitudinal direction by upscaling pore scale mixing over a network domain and to verify the dispersivity with that obtained through the more rigorous upscaling technique, the Brownian particle tracking model (BPTM). We model a porous medium with a network of pore-units that are comprised of pore bodies and bonds of finite volume. Such a pore-unit is assumed to be a mixing cell with the steady state flow condition for a single fluid. Dispersivity can be obtained by solving the mixing cell model (MCM) for the concentration in each pore-unit and by averaging the concentrations for a large number of pore units (as a function of time and space). A minimal size of network that ascertains an asymptotic value of dispersivity was determined and verified with large size pore networks. This numerically computed dispersivity is compared with the results from the BPTM for the same porous medium and flow conditions. We show that the dispersivity obtained from the MCM is equally reliable for the heterogeneous pore-networks and can be estimated as a function of pore size heterogeneity. For homogeneous networks with the MCM, the iteration time step plays an important role. On the other hand, for networks with the BPTM, the assumption of intra-bond velocity profile affects the results.     

降水和温度MOS预报方法探讨

文中分析了庆阳地区春季降水气候特征和环流形势 ,用 1995～ 1998年 3～ 5月T10 6资料建立了该区 8县 (市 )春季降水、温度MOS预报方程 ,进行了回代检验和试报 ,并提出了模式更换后的处理方法     

非线性最小二乘参数平差迭代算法

在非线性最小二乘问题现有的3类主要算法－－高斯－牛顿法、阻尼最小二乘法和最小二乘的拟牛顿法的基础上，引入了综合性能更优的非线性规划的SQPM（序列二次规划法）算法，并且为进一步提高SQPM算法迭代的收敛性，对其步长策略进行了改进。改进的SQPM算法成为无需精确计算参数概略值的非线性最小二乘参数平差的实用和有效算法。     

Microhydrodynamics of flotation processes in the sea surface layer

The uppermost surface of the ocean forms a peculiarly important ecosystem, the sea surface microlayer (SML). Comprising the top 1–1000 μm of the ocean surface, the SML concentrates many chemical substances, particularly those that are surface active. Important economically as a nursery for fish eggs and larvae, the SML unfortunately is also especially vulnerable to pollution. Contaminants that settle out from the air, have low solubility, or attach to floatable matter tend to accumulate in the SML.Bubbles contribute prominently to the dynamics of air–sea exchanges, playing an important role in geochemical cycling of material in the upper ocean and SML. In addition to the movement of bubbles, the development of a bubble cloud interrelates with the single particle dynamics of all other bubbles and particles. In the early sixties, several in situ oceanographic techniques revealed an “unbelievably immense” number of coastal bubbles of radius 15–300 μm. The spatial and temporal variation of bubble numbers were studied; acoustical oceanographers now use bubbles as tracers to determine ocean processes near the ocean surface. Sea state and rain noises have both been definitively ascribed to the radiation from huge numbers of infant micro bubbles [The Acoustic Bubble. Academic Press, San Diego].Our research programme aims at constructing a hydrodynamic model for particle transport processes occurring at the microscale, in multi-phase flotation suspensions. Current research addresses bubble and floc microhydrodynamics as building blocks for a microscale transport model. This paper reviews sea surface transport processes in the microlayer and the lower atmosphere, and identifies those amenable to microhydrodynamic modelling and simulation. It presents preliminary simulation results including the multi-body hydrodynamic mobility functions for the modelling of “dynamic bubble filters” and floc suspensions. Hydrodynamic interactions versus spatial anisotropy and size of particle clouds are investigated.     

市地级短期气候预测业务系统

利用目前9210通信卫星网络中所获得的气象资料，实现大气环流场资料的自动处理和追加，并在MICAPS平台上进行二次开发，按月、旬、候的方式处理成Micaps系统的4类数据格式，分类存放。建立了本地短期气候预测业务平台。系统由资料训系统、短期气候预测系统、实时监测决策服务系统3个子系统组成。     

峰谷平均法及其在计算浅源合成地震图中的应用

为了计算在震源和接收点深度相同或相近情况下分层半空间介质中的合成地震图,在重复平均法的基础上加以改进,提出一种有效的数值积分方法--峰谷平均法.根据被积函数的变化特点,将波峰和波谷值抽取出来组成慢收敛序列,利用重复平均法快速而准确地求出其极限值.与半解析方法相比,本文方法不仅数学处理上非常简单,而且易于数值实现.数值试验表明,本文方法是准确和高效的.     

APPLICATION OF A NEW METHOD IN STUDYING THE SCATTERED STAGE-DISCHARGE RELATIONSHIP OF UNSTEADY FLOWS

1 INTRODUCTIONThe macroscopic vedation of the stage-discharge relationship of unsteady nows in alluvial rivers is animPortant and comPlex problem. The Jinjiang reach of the Middle Yangtze Xiver swells often and theflood defence of the reach is the most serious. The stage-discharge relationship is the basic featore of theflow characteristics. The three hydrological stahons, Chenglingii station (at the exit of the DongtingLak), Jianll station and Luoshan station, are key stations on the…     

地下流体地震前兆多层次跟踪法短期预测在粤闽交界和珠江三角洲地区的应用

利用粤闽交界地区、珠江三角洲地区连续10年左右的地下流体资料，研究利用多层次跟踪法进行地震短期预测的效果，结果表明，该法的粤闽交界及近海地区的应用效果较好，但在珠江三角洲及近海地区暂不宜应用。