四种海水透明度现场测量方法的对比分析及发展趋势研究

随着海洋探测的不断发展,海水透明度作为海水光学性质的一个重要参量,也越来越受到人们的关注。文章对比分析了4种海水透明度现场测量方法:透明度盘法~([1])、光纤式高光谱剖面测量法~([2])、激光衰减测量法~([3])和基于双光路原理的海水IOPs高光谱测量法~([4]),主要分析了4种方法的测量原理,对比各自的优缺点,并提出了海水透明度测量未来发展设想。     

利用激光雷达资料分析兰州远郊气溶胶光学特性

利用2007年1～4月兰州大学半干旱气候与环境观测站激光雷达资料,反演了晴空无云典型日和沙尘过程大气气溶胶消光系数和光学厚度。结果表明,兰州远郊榆中地区,1km以下大气气溶胶消光系数较大,为0.01～0.1km-1;平均气溶胶光学厚度〈0.5,光学厚度日变化呈双峰型,峰值分别出现在12：00和20：00。采暖期与非采暖...     

具磷灰石假象绿松石的岩石矿物学及谱学特征

采用x射线粉晶衍射（XRD）、博里叶变换红外光谱（FTI码以及拉曼光谱等方法对安徽马鞍山具磷灰石假象的绿松石进行了研究。结果表明：其主要矿物组成为绿松石,保留了磷灰石六边形的形态特征。XRD~U试的特征谱线d值为36745～36748（111）、29008～29025（123）、34247～34293（2101、32709～32781（113）、61626～61781（011）3020130～20162（301）,与绿松石的标准衍射谱线基本致。红外光谱测试分析表明：3510～3465cm。间的谱带归属绿松石0（OH）的伸缩振动,3300～3070cm’间的谱带归属为绿松Nu（M-H。O）伸缩振动,1210-1012cm’间的谱带归属为绿松石U3口O。）ira缩振动,在838cm。附近的吸收谱带归属为绿松石6（OH）弯曲振动,655-480cm。间的谱带归属为绿松石u4（P04）弯曲振动。拉曼光谱测试分析表明：3466cm’附近的尖锐拉曼谱峰归属于绿松石（OH）基团的伸缩振动所致,宽缓的拉曼谱峰3281cm’~03078cm’归属于绿松石中水合络离子的伸缩振动,798cm’谱峰则是由于OH的弯曲振动所致。     

A SIMPLE SOIL MOISTURE INDEX TO FORECAST CROP YIELDS

Neutron probe soil moisture measurements obtained biweekly during the growing season between 1982 and 1991 from multiple depths under grass-covered plots at 17 Illinois Climate Network sites are used to forecast crop yields. A Soil Moisture Index (SMIX) that combines the effect of intensity, duration, and timing of drought or excessively wet conditions was computed by integrating the quantity of available soil moisture throughout the rooting zone over the growing season. Relationships between the SMIX values and crop yields are evaluated at county, regional, and statewide scales. Coefficients of determination (r ²) for relationships between the SMIX values and maize, soybeans, and hay yields at the statewide level are 0.88, 0.74, and 0.81, respectively, when the period of integration is terminated at the end of the growing season. This new soil index can be employed to forecast yields as early as 12 weeks before harvest for the state of Illinois. However, predictions with RMSE ≤ 10% of the mean yield can be achieved only for SMIX integration periods ending 5, 9, and 6 weeks before harvest for maize, soybeans, and hay, respectively. Nomograms are presented for using the relationships between the SMIX values and crop yields to forecast Illinois's major crops well before harvest.     

黄土剖面中赤铁矿和针铁矿的定量分析与气候干湿变化研究

为了了解黄土剖面中赤铁矿和针铁矿的分布特征,文章采用对铁氧化物矿物灵敏的漫反射光谱法(DRS),开展了赤铁矿和针铁矿的鉴定和测定研究,提出了定量分析赤铁矿和针铁矿含量的DRS新方法.选择天然典型黄土和古土壤样品,首先采用柠檬酸盐-重碳酸盐-连二亚硫酸盐(CBD)方法去除其中成壤成因的铁氧化物矿物,以其为基体配制含不同赤铁矿和针铁矿的系列标样,然后进行DRS测试和多元逐步回归分析,分别建立测定赤铁矿和针铁矿含量的校准方程并加以检验.利用DRS方法,分析了多个黄土剖面的赤铁矿和针铁矿含量,发现黄土-古土壤剖面的赤铁矿/针铁矿比值可作为东亚季风干/湿变化的敏感指标.该比值较高时反映了干燥土壤环境,而较低时指示了潮湿土壤环境.对灵台和洛川剖面中赤铁矿/针铁矿比值的分析,初步揭示了2.6Ma年以来黄土高原东亚季风阶段性变强的特征.     

Near-infrared spectroscopy of 133P/Elst-Pizarro

Comet 133P/Elst-Pizarro, known to be a main-belt asteroid with a cometary activity, was observed with the near-infrared integral field spectrograph SINFONI at the 8.2-m Very Large Telescope in J, H, and K bands during its 2007 perihelion passage. The goal of these observations was to attempt detection of water ice absorption bands. We present here the details of the data processing, the results of these observations, and our compositional modeling of the final spectrum. No water ice absorptions were detected within the noise of the spectrum but we show that this spectrum is compatible with a reasonable near-infrared albedo value of 7-10% and a mixture of water ice, black carbon, Tholin and silicates. This interpretation, nevertheless, is not unique.     

福建政和东际金-银矿床的热液蚀变特征及其勘探指示意义

福建东际金-银矿床产于中生代东坑火山岩盆地西缘的流纹质凝灰岩中,矿区及周边火山-沉积岩系遭受了广泛且强度不等的热液蚀变。本文工作采用红外反射光谱技术在东际矿区三个勘探剖面上对钻孔岩心进行系统性高密度采样分析,结果显示蚀变矿物组合及分带的大框架样式主要受原岩成分控制,具体表现为绢云母化趋向于发育于流纹质火山岩中,而绿泥石化则富集在安山质和英安质火山岩中。在更小的矿区局部空间范围内或单一岩性中,热液作用的物化条件作为次级控制因素决定着特定蚀变矿物的成分变化和蚀变类型的强度差异。从层状硅酸盐组合考虑,东际矿区热液蚀变以绢云母化和绿泥石化为最主要类型,而缺失发育良好的蒙脱石带,金-银矿化赋存在以伊利石为主的绢云母化带中,表明成矿环境属于低硫到中硫之间的浅成热液系统。含矿火山岩的热液蚀变组合和强度变化,以及金-银矿化的似层状特点,均指示成矿时流体是沿着南园组凝灰岩层内侧向流动,而蚀变分带细节显示在凝灰岩层中存在着二至三条流体主通道,金-银矿化则赋存在主通道中。流体主通道的热液蚀变标志是富铝绢云母,其与主通道之外的相对贫铝绢云母在红外光谱特征上反差明显。因此,采用红外光谱技术圈定整体热液蚀变系统的空间构型、解译成矿环境的物化条件及变化、并确定绢云母的铝含量变化用以判断成矿流体主通道位置,可以有效地缩小勘探目标和提高找矿工作的预测性。     

贺兰山地区沙尘暴若干问题的观测研究

利用贺兰山地区沙尘暴历史资料和综合观测资料 ,对大气背景、浮尘、扬沙和沙尘暴发生期间的大气气溶胶数浓度谱、质量谱、大气总悬浮颗粒 (TSP)及粒径分布、微气象、分光日射观测以及沙尘样品进行中子活化处理 ,分析了该地区浮尘、扬沙和沙尘暴形成规律 ,气候变化特征和贺兰山的影响。并综合研究了沙尘气溶胶尺度谱特征、光学厚度和化学组分等变化特征 ,提出了若干结果。     

伊利石层间钾释放的远红外光谱研究

本文介绍了新近研究层间交换的远红外方法，并用该方法研究了金砂伊早石层间交换的性质，随着温度的升高，伊利石的远红外谱段从１０８ｃｍ＾－１向低波数方向偏移，３００Ｃ时为１０７ｃｍ＾－１，５００℃时为１０００ｃｍ＾－１，７００℃时为９８ｃｍ＾－１，同时，伊利石的释钾程度也伴随着增加，远红外谱同释放钾的能力有一清楚对比，因此可以用远红外方法预言伊利石释钾的能力，最后，利用量子化学计算的ＰＭ３方法首次从理论     

Diel Patterns in Chlorophyll <Emphasis Type="Italic">a</Emphasis> Specific Absorption Coefficient and Absorption Efficiency Factor of Picoplankton

Diel patterns in the chlorophyll a specific absorption coefficient of surface picoplankton, a*_pico (γ) (m²·[mg chlorophyll a]⁻¹), were studied at 7 stations under daily cycle of in situ light condition in the western subarctic Pacific and Japan Sea. All the data were normalized by dividing the anomaly with daily averaged a*_pico (γ). Opposite diel patterns were observed for the normalized a*_pico (443) and a*_pico (675) with maximum toward dawn or dusk and minimum toward midday at 4 stations under low-irradiance (LI) conditions and vice versa at 3 stations under high-irradiance (HI) conditions. The absorption efficiency factors at red absorption peak, Q _a (675), were determined by reconstruction with intracellular chlorophyll a concentration and cell diameter. The normalized Q _a (675) also showed diel pattern with maximum toward midday and minimum toward dawn or dusk under LI. The diel pattern in a*_pico (675) and Q _a (675) were primarily caused by changes in intracellular chlorophyll a concentration due to photoadaptation under LI. The diel pattern in a*_pico (443) was influenced by pigmentation, as recognized by blue to red ratio [a*_pico (443)/a*_pico (675)] under HI. This study proposed that the opposite diel pattern in a*_pico (γ) might occur for a wide range of algal species. The results presented here have important consequences for the interpretation of diel variations in optical properties observed in the open ocean.