石灰岩细观力学特性的颗粒流模拟

岩体地区地质灾害的发生和发展取决于岩石细观组分的运动学行为。研究岩石运动学行为时通常将岩石作为整体研究对象较多,而直接以细观组分为对象的研究较少。以石灰岩为例,根据室内试验获得的岩石力学性质指标,使用基于非连续介质理论的颗粒流方法,将材料离散成刚性颗粒组成的模型,把颗粒细观变化与宏观力学特性联系起来,建立了石灰岩的细观结构模型,获得了颗粒接触力、颗粒接触模量、接触连接强度和连接刚度比等细观力学参数。由于文中直接以细观成分为研究对象、反映了岩石和岩体组成的本质特点,所得结论不仅对含裂隙岩石本构关系研究具有广阔的应用前景,而且对岩体工程性质和地质灾害机制研究也具有重要的理论意义。     

晋城矿区厚层脆韧性石灰岩顶板变形与控制特性研究

晋城矿区15#煤直接顶K2石灰岩厚8～12 m,结构致密坚硬,为坚硬难垮落顶板。针对厚层石灰岩顶板可能面临的大面积断裂和垮落,从而导致冲击地压等问题,通过岩石力学性质试验获得相关岩层力学参数,并运用关键层理论、数值模拟和相似材料模型试验,研究了厚层脆韧性石灰岩顶板的变形与垮落特性,得到了顶板初次来压步距20～25 m和周期来压步距10～15 m及垮落规律,并提出了顶板控制的技术途径,即初期中深孔爆破结合顶板关键层缓慢下沉综合控制技术。实践表明,厚层石灰岩顶板的垮落形态和垮落步距与理论和试验研究结果基本一致。该项成果为晋城矿区厚层脆韧性石灰岩顶板控制提供了有效途径。     

The Burren: a glacial,karstic and biokarstic expression of a limestone plateau in western Ireland

The term glaciokarst describes a landscape where both glacial and karstic processes have contributed to geomorphological evolution and has been applied to a range of environments from the high arctic to the alpine Mediterranean. Nevertheless, glaciokarstic environments globally often exhibit significant variation in geomorphological processes and landforms due to these geographical differences. The Burren, County Clare, Republic of Ireland, is often quoted as a quintessential glaciokarstic landscape. However, the Burren and other similar environments would appear to lean towards one end of the glaciokarst spectrum, where solutional and biological processes have been dominant throughout the Holocene, in contrast to ice‐dominated glaciokarsts where karstic and biokarstic processes are temperature‐limited and cryospheric processes remain the principal geomorphological agents. Holocene landscape evolution and the development of a range of meso‐, micro‐ and nano‐scale karren features on limestone surfaces appears to be largely biokarstic in origin. Karstification of many glacially scoured limestone pavements would have begun under acidic soil cover, with biological soil processes contributing to smooth, rounded cryptokarstic surface forms. Holocene soil erosion is attributed to anthropogenic activity, climatic fluctuations and the evolution of the karstic groundwater system leading to vertical soil loss through widening grikes. Exposed limestone pavements subject to subaerial conditions often exhibit extensive lichen colonization which has been shown to influence the overall rate of karstification and contribute to the development of micro‐ and meso‐scale bioweathering features. Where cryptokarstic features have been exhumed from beneath soil cover, their evolution under subaerial conditions leads to intermediate, polygenetic karren features. In light of our current understanding of the Burren landscape, it is proposed that the term glaciobiokarstic may be a better expression to encompass the biological processes that have played a fundamental role in the evolution of the Burren and similar landscapes, without neglecting the contribution of glacial and inorganic karstic processes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

对江苏沛县新庄铁矿区富水性规律的初步认识

江苏沛县新庄铁矿属于典型的矽卡岩类接触交代型铁矿,矿区主要富水含水层为奥陶系灰岩。分析了该矿区地下水补径排条件、矿区含水层特征及断层富水性特征,初步总结了该矿区富水性规律。认为矿坑涌水主要受上覆灰岩控制,其次受构造断层控制; 断层的涌水量受裂隙充填影响变化较大,增加了突水、透水的风险性,将直接威胁矿山的生产安全。总结该矿区富水性规律,可为国内相同类型矿山的前期勘查及后期矿床开采提供参考。     

川东TS—HNT地区飞仙关组鲕滩储层特征及测井资料解释

简述了川东TS—HNT地区飞仙关组鲕粒储层的地质特征及其储集性能,并介绍了鲕滩储层的测井响应特征。飞仙关组鲕滩储层以孔隙（洞）型为主,具有溶蚀孔洞发育、局部有少量裂缝、储层孔隙结构复杂等特点。准确的确定储层物性参数和岩性是测井解释评价的基础。通过对钻井取芯资料和测井资料的分析研究,对储层四性关系进行分析,建立了适合本区的储层参数测井解释模型,提高了储层物性参数的计算精度;针对研究区鲕滩碳酸盐岩储层孔隙结构复杂、孔渗关系变化多样的特点,以常规测井资料为基础,结合岩芯分析数据及试气投产资料,给出了储层综合测井解释成果,且测井解释结果与实际情况相一致。     

Stratigraphic records of the dynamic uplift of the Emeishan large igneous province

Abstract

Fluid dynamical and numerical modelling predicts a large-scale regional domal uplift prior to basalt eruptions in large igneous provinces, which can be readily measured when a plume head rises below a shallow marine sedimentary basin. Research on the sedimentology, biostratigraphy, and isotopic chronology of the Emeishan large igneous province demonstrates that the sedimentary environment in the Maokou stage is not uniform carbonate platform facies, but rather sedimentary facies with a north–south linear alignment and west–east different distribution controlled by the syn-depositional normal faulting of the Changhai and Xiaojiang faults, which are the result of underwater dynamic uplift induced by deep mantle activity. The dynamic uplift started in the Maokou stage. Thus, thinning of the Maokou limestone was the product of the difference in the initial depositional thickness caused by the underwater uplift and post-depositional surface uplift and erosion, but post-depositional uplift was much less than kilometre scale. Sedimentary facies differentiation and tectonic–sedimentary evolution in the Maokou stage provide a constraint for the time of the initial eruption and eruption environment before and during the Emeishan basalt eruption. Small-scale magmatic activity might have already begun in the middle of the Maokou stage, whereas submarine and terrestrial sedimentary environments coexisted before and during Emeishan basalt eruption.     

碳酸盐岩成岩相研究方法及其应用——以扬子地块北缘飞仙关组鲕滩储层为例

成岩相是研究成岩作用展布的重要方法和途径,其与沉积相不同,反映岩石在一定的成岩环境下发生的各种成岩作用的综合表现。在详细的成岩作用和成岩环境研究的基础上,划分了扬子地块北缘地区飞仙关组8类成岩相、7类成岩亚相,总结了各类成岩相(亚相)的识别标志,探索了成岩相与沉积相、测井相、地震相的关系,探索了成岩相在点、线、面上的分布,预测了有利成岩相区展布,取得了良好效果。形成了一套有效的成岩相研究方法,并将成岩相研究成果应用到勘探实践,具有较好的推广价值。     

滇东南地区新发现中三叠统关岭组典型 台缘生物礁和斜坡滑塌灰岩

2012年底在云南省泸西县东山镇地区中三叠统关岭组中发现大规模典型台地边缘鲕粒浅滩和生物礁,同时在向阳乡方摆村附近发现典型台地前缘斜坡相泥晶灰岩,滑塌构造发育.台缘生物礁垂向3分结构明显,礁基为浅滩相鲕粒灰岩、豆粒灰岩;礁核为粘结海绵-水螅骨架岩,蓝绿藻粘结结构和亮晶栉壳状胶结结构发育;礁盖为台缘斜坡相深灰色薄层泥晶灰岩和泥质灰岩.生物礁横向展布也具有3个明显特征:礁后为碳酸盐台地相灰岩,礁核为粘结海绵-水螅骨架岩,礁前为台缘斜坡相薄层灰岩和泥岩,局部发育滑塌构造和滑塌角砾岩.该发现可为滇东南地区继续寻找油气资源开辟新的勘探方向.     

Buruanga peninsula and Antique Range: Two contrasting terranes in Northwest Panay,Philippines featuring an arc–continent collision zone

Alternating chert–clastic sequences juxtaposed with limestone blocks, which are units typical of accretionary complexes, constitute the Buruanga peninsula. New lithostratigraphic units are proposed in this study: the Unidos Formation (Jurassic chert sequence), the Saboncogon Formation (Jurassic siliceous mudstone–terrigenous mudstone and quartz‐rich sandstone), the Gibon Formation (Jurassic(?) bedded pelagic limestone), the Libertad Metamorphics (Jurassic–Cretaceous slate, phyllite, and schist) and the Buruanga Formation (Pliocene–Pleistocene reefal limestone). The first three sedimentary sequences in the Buruanga peninsula show close affinity with the ocean plate stratigraphy of the North Palawan terrane in Busuanga Island: Lower–Middle Jurassic chert sequences overlain by Middle–Upper Jurassic clastics, juxtaposed with pelagic limestone. Moreover, the JR5–JR6 (Callovian to Oxfordian) siliceous mudstone of the Saboncogon Formation in the Buruanga peninsula correlates with the JR5–JR6 siliceous mudstone of the Guinlo Formation in the Middle Busuanga Belt. These findings suggest that the Buruanga peninsula may be part of the North Palawan terrane. The rocks of the Buruanga peninsula completely differ from the Middle Miocene basaltic to andesitic pyroclastic and lava flow deposits with reefal limestone and arkosic sandstone of the Antique Range. Thus, the previously suggested boundary between the Palawan microcontinental block and the Philippine Mobile Belt in the central Philippines, which is the suture zone between the Buruanga peninsula and the Antique Range, is confirmed. This boundary is similarly considered as the collision zone between them.     

利用测井资料自动识别藻灰岩

藻灰岩在测井曲线图上具有不同于其它岩性的特征,据此确定了7种测井参数(自然伽玛、自然电位、井径、声波时差、补偿中子、补偿密度及深电阻率),将测井数据归一化后得到了相应的岩性判别样本参数。利用F-Means中速度较快的聚类迭代(LBG)算法对研究样本进行分类,优选了一组数据用于判别分析。在进行Q因子分析的基础上建立了用于岩性判别的3个判别函数,并对花土沟油田某井段进行了岩性识别预测分析。