河北大庙铁矿床黑云母40Ar/39Ar年龄及其地质意义

文章以野外观察为基础确定了致矿侵入体,以岩相学特征确立了测年样品的代表性。在此基础上,选取大庙铁矿大乌素沟矿区浸染状铁矿石中的黑云母进行了40Ar/39Ar年龄测定,坪年龄为(395.8±3.7) Ma,反等时线年龄为(395.6±4.0) Ma(2σ; MSWD=0.9; n=8)。因此,大庙铁矿及其致矿苏长岩的形成年龄约为396 Ma,相当于中泥盆世,而不是前人所认为的元古宙。新的测年结果与区域上近年来陆续识别出来的泥盆纪侵入岩类形成年龄一致,不仅表明华北克拉通的改造过程至少从泥盆纪就已经开始,而且暗示华北克拉通北缘仍有寻找其他“大庙式铁矿”的潜力。同时,文章提出,用成岩年龄作为成矿年龄时,需要有可靠的地质学和岩相学证据。 关键词：大庙式铁矿;斜长岩;苏长岩;40Ar/39Ar定年;成矿年代;华北克拉通     

安徽庐枞盆地罗河铁矿床中榍石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年及其意义

罗河铁矿床位于长江中下游铁铜金成矿带庐枞矿集区,已探明资源量约10亿吨,是成矿带内最大的铁矿床。矿床主成矿阶段广泛发育热液成因榍石,以榍石-硬石膏-磷灰石组合为特征,在矿床-800~-900m和-1500~-1600m两个不同深度稳定发育,为确定成矿时代和成矿流体演化提供了良好的研究对象。本次工作对罗河铁矿床深部和浅部两层矿体中热液榍石开展了年代学及地球化学研究,结果表明榍石中存在(Al,Fe)~(3+)+(F,OH)~-=Ti~(4+)+O~(2-)置换反应,并富含Zr、Nb和REE等元素。榍石中Zr含量估算矿床成矿温度约700℃,指示玢岩型矿床比矽卡岩型铁矿床具有更高的成矿温度,高温条件有利于Ti元素的迁移。榍石的稀土元素配分图均呈现出明显右倾,并具较高的稀土元素总量以及明显的负Eu异常特征,轻稀土富集表明其结晶早于磷灰石和绿帘石等矿物,形成于高温热液环境,不同深度榍石的Eu异常变化表明成矿流体的氧逸度从深部到浅部有所升高。热液榍石原位微区LA-ICPMS U-Pb定年结果表明,上、下两层榍石形成时代分别为130.0±0.9Ma和129.1±0.8Ma~129.7±0.8Ma,表明罗河铁矿床两层矿体是同一成矿系统的在不同深度的产物。矿床成矿时代与区内隐伏闪长岩体成岩时代一致,结合矿床地质特征研究,本文认为闪长玢岩是矿床的成矿母岩。罗河铁矿床属于燕山晚期岩浆热液活动的产物,形成于区域早白垩世岩石圈减薄的环境。     

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巴尔喀什成矿带阿克沙套云英岩型钨钼矿床地质特征与铼-锇同位素测年分析

哈萨克斯坦阿克沙套大型钨钼矿床处于中亚成矿域巴尔喀什成矿带内。该矿床为云英岩型浸染状矿床, 具有云英岩型矿床的典型矿物组合、围岩蚀变、矿体形态和结构构造。矿区产出有伟晶岩、石英长石脉, 含有钨钼矿、石英和黄玉云英岩矿体等。本文对阿克沙套钨钼矿床辉钼矿样品进行了铼-锇同位素分析, 得到辉钼矿模式年龄(平均值)为289.3 Ma, 处在早二叠世。分析认为, 阿克沙套云英岩型钨钼成矿作用是晚石炭世中亚成矿域大规模斑岩型铜钼成矿作用延续的结果, 属中亚造山带海西晚期构造-岩浆活动的产物。      

茂名油页岩沉积有机质特征及古气候意义

基于海洋沉积确定的始新世晚期至渐新世早期(约33.5 Ma)的气候过渡期是新生代全球性气候事件,但长期以来相关的陆相沉积记录研究则比较缺乏。本文对形成于始新世晚期至渐新世早期的茂名油柑窝组油页岩样品进行了有机质丰度、烃类组成、单体烃碳同位素组成等分析,以期研究低纬度陆相沉积有机质对古近纪始新世-渐新世气候过渡期(EOT)的响应。研究结果显示,埋藏较浅的上部层位样品正构烷烃碳同位素组成显著正偏,为-19.1‰~-25.9‰,平均值为-22.2‰;而下部层位样品正构烷烃碳同位素组成在-23.7‰~-30.2‰,平均值为-26.3‰。两个样品正构烷烃碳同位素组成之差在1.5‰~8.1‰,平均值之差为4.6‰。正构烷烃碳同位素组成的显著差异指示了EOT低纬度陆相古气候变化引起的陆相有机质响应,而这种响应与当时大气CO2浓度和海洋温度降低导致的气候和植物群落变化密切相关,即可能存在着C3植物向C4植物的转化、C4植物的迅速增加并最终导致沉积有机质碳同位素组成的变化;也可能是由于大气CO2浓度降低导致的大气CO2碳同位素组成整体正偏的结果。很显然,进一步详细的连续剖面分析将对研究古近纪EOT低纬度陆相古气候变化提供重要科学依据。     

The composition and age of the Argillite Sequence (sedimentary cover of the continental slope, Sea of Japan)

The Argillite Sequence located at the base of the sedimentary cover on the continental slope of the Sea of Japan was studied by petrographic, palynological, and X-ray diffraction methods. Two spores-pollen complexes were distinguished in it: the Late Oligocene reflecting cooling and the Early Miocene corresponding to initiated warming. The data obtained indicate that the sequence is composed of terrigenous silty-clayey sediments that accumulated in shallow coastal-marine settings. The global sea-level rise at the Early-Middle Miocene transition, combined with the regional tectonic processes, determined the basin deepening, owing to which the argillite sequence was overlain by thick Middle Miocene diatomaceous-clayey sediments. Due to tectonic movement along existing faults in the terminal Late Miocene, the argillite sequence occurring initially at depths of at least 400–500 m was locally exhumed to the basin bottom.     

Depths of the Sea of Okhotsk sedimentary basin in the Cenozoic

The biofacies analysis of benthic foraminifers in sediments of the Sea of Okhotsk paleobasin revealed the presence of typical abyssal species in their Oligocene-Miocene assemblages that are missing in the Pliocene and Pleistocene section. The development of the abyssal fauna in the Sea of Okhotsk was determined by its relatively large depths (>2000 m) and intense water exchange with the Pacific Ocean. The Sakhalin folding phase at the Neogene-Quaternary transition resulted in the uplifting of the Japan-Kurile cordillera and separation of deep basins of the Japan and Okhotsk seas from the ocean, which was responsible for the formation of unfavorable conditions for migration and existence of the Pacific abyssal fauna. The taxonomic similarity and general tendencies in the development of the Neogene benthic foraminifers common for the Japan and Okhotsk seas imply the lack of narrow and shallow thresholds between these basins similar to the present-day Nevel’skoi, La Pérouse, and Sangar straits. Such bottom topography stimulated the intense northward water flow, which determined the similarity between the benthic foraminiferal assemblages of the Japanese and Okhotsk paleobasins.     

A COMPARISON OF HYDROLOGY AND VEGETATION BETWEEN A CHANNELIZED STREAM AND A NONCHANNELIZED STREAM IN WESTERN TENNESSEE

The purpose of this study was to provide baseline data on floodplain forest structure, composition, and function that would be needed to predict and monitor the consequences of a proposed stream restoration project. This project would involve the “dechannelization” of Stokes Creek, a stream in western Tennessee that was channelized and leveed in the first half of the 1900s. To this end, we collected data on surface hydrology, soil redox potential (Eh), and the structure and composition of the floodplain vegetation of Stokes Creek. To place our findings into a regional context, we also collected comparable vegetation data from plots located along a nonchannelized stream reach of the Wolf River near Moscow, Tennessee. While hydrologic fluctuations of floodplain sites were synchronous with river dynamics for the Wolf River, the hydrology of floodplain sites at Stokes Creek was constrained by the influence of beaver dams, backflooding, and ponding of overland flow behind levees. Consequently, composition of the forest overstory, understory, and herbaceous strata was significantly different between the two sites. For example, Stokes Creek had a noticeable lack of cypress and tupelo sites, and a greater abundance of red maple. Analyses of size-class structure and woody debris quantity reinforced the existing differences between the more natural and human-impacted systems. While the current hydrology apparently has a negative affect on bottomland hardwoods, scattered regeneration stems and soil redox measurements indicate that a dechannelization effort that yielded lower water tables in the Stokes Creek floodplain potentially could increase bottomland hardwood establishment. [Key words: channelization, western Tennessee, bottomland hardwoods, hydrology.]     

GNSS在线数据处理系统在工程控制网中的应用与分析

介绍目前几个主要的GNSS在线数据处理系统,着重利用其中5个GNSS在线数据处理系统对某工程控制网的观测数据进行多个方案的处理;对处理结果进行对比分析,检验其内符合精度;再利用框架和历元转换理论和方法,将多个系统处理获得的不同ITRF框架下2011即时历元的观测点坐标转换归算到CGCS2000坐标下进行对比,结果表明:GNSS在线数据处理系统完全能够满足工程控制网的数据处理、精度要求以及成果提交等需求。     

一种改进的GPS短基线直接解算方法

本文通过推导基线偏差与波长之间的数学关系,在DC算法的基础之上,考虑双频相位双差数学模型本身存在的相等关系,并结合宽巷模糊度组合,提出一种求解整周模糊度的改进直接计算法。在求取模糊度之后,分别采用单历元最小二乘和序贯平差两种解算方案求解基线,以基线长约6.3km、9.1km的两组数据为实例进行求解,并与TGO软件求取的基线向量作比较,试验结果表明了本文方法的正确性和可靠性。