裂变径迹热年代学在珠江口盆地渐新统珠海组物源分析中的应用*

渐新统珠海组是南海北部珠江口盆地的主要储集层发育层位之一,但其物源区位置、沉积物搬运路径等关键问题仍存在争议。为此,选取珠江口盆地不同构造单元3口关键井珠海组上段砂岩样品开展锆石裂变径迹(ZFT)、磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)热年代学研究,进而开展珠海组物源分析。盆地西部西江凹陷XJ28井与白云凹陷LW3井ZFT、AFT年龄组分相似,包含晚三叠世的ZFT年龄组分,且ZFT、AFT主要年龄组分分别为白垩纪、古新世;盆地东部陆丰凹陷的LF7井ZFT、AFT年龄组分明显比前2口井偏年轻,ZFT主要年龄组分为古新世。3口井的ZFT、AFT年龄组成表明其珠海组上段物源均主要来自珠江口盆地北侧的华南地块,但盆地西部与东部显示出明显的物源差异。盆地西部XJ28井以及LW3井物源特征总体一致,均由古珠江水系供源,其物源以珠江流域中生代花岗岩为主,还包括华南地块腹地的中生代沉积岩。盆地东部LF7井的物源主要为陆丰凹陷北侧的沿海中生代花岗岩,物源组成相对简单,沉积物搬运距离相对较短。     

新疆阿斯喀尔特铍钼矿床中辉钼矿Re-Os定年及成因意义

阿斯喀尔特铍钼矿床位于中亚成矿域阿尔泰成矿省哈龙-青河成矿带的东南部。7件辉钼矿样品Re-Os同位素年龄介于(224.6±3.1)Ma与(235.7±3.4)Ma之间,加权平均年龄为(229.0±3.0)Ma,等时线年龄为(228.7±7.1)Ma,表明成矿作用发生于印支期。辉钼矿样品Re含量为38.26~56.45μg/g,指示成矿元素Re具有壳幔混合来源特征。由于阿斯喀尔特铍-钼矿床成矿时代晚于古亚洲洋闭合时间(约250 Ma),并且花岗岩-伟晶岩体系中的晚期伟晶岩以低的锆石Hf同位素组成(–1.50~+1.69)为特征,相似于区域中侵入的三叠纪伟晶岩中锆石Hf同位素组成,如可可托海3号脉、柯鲁木特112号脉,因此,推测与阿斯喀尔特铍钼矿床具有成因联系的花岗岩-伟晶岩体系,其成因与哈萨克斯坦-西伯利亚板块在晚古生代发生陆-陆碰撞造山作用,在三叠纪构造体系由挤压转为伸展背景下,先期存在幔源物质的古老地壳物质发生减压部分熔融有关。     

Buxus Leaves from the Oligocene of Guangxi, China and Their Biogeographical Signi?cance

The present paper reports two new species of Buxus from the Oligocene Ningming Formation of Guangxi, South China, on the basis of several compressed fossil leaves. Buxus ningmingensis sp. nov. is characterized by an elliptic to ovate shape; pinnate venation with marginal secondary, long hairs on the adaxial side of the midvein base; and amphistomatic, anomocytic stomata with a prominent outer ring. All of these characteristics suggest a closest af?nity to the living Buxus microphylla subsp. sinica. Another new species identi?ed as Buxus preaustro-yunnanensis sp. nov. is characterized by the diagnostic formation of its admedially branched tertiaries, the trunks of which are often strongly thickened by sclereides. This species is most similar to the extant Buxus austro-yunnanensis. The co-occurrence of Buxus ningmingensis sp. nov. and Buxus preaustro-yunnanensis sp. nov. suggests that these two Buxus lived during the Oligocene under a warm, tropical to subtropical climate, similar to the current climate of Ningming. Our ?ndings provide the earliest fossil evidence of Buxus leaves with detailed illustrations of leaf architectural and cuticular features. The occurrence of these two species indicates that Buxus began to diversify in Guangxi no later than the Oligocene.     

广东东莞黑头山花岗岩体成岩时代及成因研究

广东东莞厚街黑头山黑云母二长花岗岩体锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测定其岩浆结晶年龄为151.6 Ma(晚侏罗世),属燕山期岩浆活动产物。岩石化学成分富SiO2(70%),富K2O(4%);相对贫Al2O3(12%~14.4%),贫Sr、Ba、Eu、Ti和P;稀土配分曲线呈海鸥型,具明显的负铕异常。多方法综合判断认为黑头山花岗岩具明显的A型花岗岩特征,属弱过铝质A1型花岗岩,应是燕山期岩石圈拉张减薄构造背景下所形成的侵入岩体。     

中国锡矿成矿规律概要

我国锡矿资源丰富,矿床类型比较齐全。在锡矿资源储量中占有较大比重的主要是锡石—硫化物型、矽卡岩型和石英脉型;从开采和利用角度来说,最为重要的是锡石—硫化物型和石英脉型。锡石—硫化物型主要集中在桂北、滇东等地,矽卡岩型集中分布在南岭中段湘南等矿集区、石英脉型则主要集中在华南地区的闽西、赣中、粤北、湘南等地;成矿时代以中生代最为重要;成矿大地构造背景以造山运动之后的大陆环境为主,构造变动剧烈,深大断裂纵横交错,岩浆活动频繁,特别是与锡成矿作用关系密切的中生代花岗岩类非常发育,最具特色。本次在对全国873处锡矿矿产地资料进行系统梳理的基础上,深入总结了全国锡矿的成矿规律,厘定出20个以锡为主或锡较为重要的矿床成矿系列,认为锡石—硫化物型、矽卡岩(—云英岩型)、石英脉型和岩体型4类锡矿类型,应该作为重点预测类型,并划分出44个成锡带,提出了19个重要工作部署区,并编制了中国成锡带图、中国锡矿成矿规律图等系列图件,为潜力评价预测工作提供了理论依据。     

The birth of the Paratethys during the Early Oligocene: From Tethys to an ancient Black Sea analogue?

Deeper water black shales, overlain by coccolith-bearing marlstones representing the incipient Paratethys (example: Early Oligocene; Austrian Molasse Basin), have sedimentary characteristics similar to those of the Holocene Black Sea since 7500 years bp. Framboid pyrite size, biomarker and C–N-isotope data additionally indicate that isolation of the Paratethys resulted in Black Sea-type characteristics during nannoplankton zone NP 23.In contrast to the estuarine circulation across the Bosphorus since 7500 years bp, marine conditions prevailed in the incipient Paratethys during NP 21/22. Nitrogen was fixed and low organic carbon accumulation rates prevailed. In both settings a vertical density water-column stratification was accompanied by photic zone anoxia, and by anaerobic methane oxidation in the Paratethys. In the Paratethys increased run off, starting in NP 22, led to estuarine circulation during NP 23. During this period cyclic blooms of calcareous nannoplankton resulted in high calcite accumulation rates which diluted the coeval clay sedimentation. Similar sedimentary features in the Black Sea and the Paratethys during the earliest Oligocene are result from opposite paleoceanographic developments, both leading to estuarine circulation patterns. In the Black Sea, permanent photic zone anoxic conditions were established 7500 years bp in response to the first invasion of saline Mediterranean waters into the former freshwater lake. In contrast, brackish surface water in the Paratethys resulted from nutrient-rich freshwater diluting the marine water body.     

应用选权拟合法建立单历元伪距和载波相位双差模型

本文根据选权拟合法的一个重要性质:只要被约束的那部分参数估值无偏,其余的参数估值也无偏;该性质说明利用选权拟合进行参数估计的结果是条件无偏的。这个不同于一般正则化解的重要特性可以建立单历元伪距和载波相位双差模型,并通过实例验证了该方法的可行性。     

四川省九龙县黑牛洞富铜矿矿床黑云母40Ar-39Ar测年及其地质意义

四川省九龙县黑牛洞铜矿床为近期新发现的一个规模在中型以上,产于江浪变质核杂岩中的富铜矿床。本文测试了黑牛洞铜矿床中与成矿密切相关的黑云母的40Ar/39Ar年龄为136.43±0.77 Ma,说明黑牛洞矿床形成于燕山中期。结合矿区附近李伍富铜床矿床地质特征及成矿年龄,表明黑牛洞铜矿床与李伍铜矿床为同一时期形成的矿床,两者成矿与松潘－甘孜造山带大规模岩浆热事件有关,这对于重新认识李伍铜矿床外围找矿潜力和进一步指导找矿工作具有重要意义。     

Facies analysis and palaeoenvironmental interpretation of the Late Oligocene Attard Member (Lower Coralline Limestone Formation), Malta

The Oligocene represents a key interval during which coralline algae became dominant on carbonate ramps and luxuriant coral reefs emerged on a global scale. So far, few studies have considered the impact that these early reefs had on ramp development. Consequently, this study aimed at presenting a high‐resolution analysis of the Attard Member of the Lower Coralline Limestone Formation (Late Oligocene, Malta) in order to decipher the internal and external factors controlling the architecture of a typical Late Oligocene platform. Excellent exposures of the Lower Coralline Limestone Formation occurring along continuous outcrops adjacent to the Victoria Lines Fault reveal in detail the three‐dimensional distribution of the reef‐associated facies. A total of four sedimentary facies have been recognized and are grouped into two depositional environments that correspond to the inner and middle carbonate ramp. The inner ramp was characterized by a very high‐energy, shallow‐water setting, influenced by tide and wave processes. This setting passed downslope into an inner‐ramp depositional environment which was colonized by seagrass and interfingered with adjacent areas containing scattered corals. The middle ramp lithofacies were deposited in the oligophotic zone, the sediments being generated from combined in situ production and sediments swept from the shallower inner ramp by currents. Compositional characteristics and facies distributions of the Attard ramp are more similar to the Miocene ramps than to those of the Eocene. An important factor controlling this similarity may be the expansion of the seagrass colonization within the euphotic zone. This expansion may have commenced in the Late Oligocene and was associated with a concomitant reduction in the aerial extent of the larger benthonic foraminifera facies. Stacking‐pattern analysis shows that the depositional units (parasequences) at the study section are arranged into transgressive–regressive facies cycles. This cyclicity is superimposed on the overall regressive phase recorded by the Attard succession. Furthermore, a minor highstand (correlated with the Ru4/Ch1 sequence) and subsequent minor lowstand (Ch2 sequence) have been recognized. The biota assemblages of the Attard Member suggest that carbonate sedimentation took place in subtropical waters and oligotrophic to slightly mesotrophic conditions. The apparent low capacity of corals to form wave‐resistant reef structures is considered to have been a significant factor affecting substrate stability at this time. The resulting lack of resistant mid‐ramp reef frameworks left this zone exposed to wave and storm activity, thereby encouraging the widespread development of coralline algal associations dominated by rhodoliths.     

相山铀矿田西部地区深部多金属矿化成矿年代与成矿流体演化:Rb-Sr同位素体系的制约

江西相山铀矿田科学深钻3号孔在深部-700 m发现大量铅锌多金属矿化脉,垂向上呈"上铀下多金属"的分布特征。本文选取深部多金属矿脉主成矿阶段(S3)自形闪锌矿样品6件和不同阶段的毒砂、黄铁矿、方铅矿、方解石等样品12件,以及围岩全岩样品17件,进行了Rb、Sr同位素组成研究。结果表明:(1)由闪锌矿Rb-Sr等时线法确定的相山铀矿田深部多金属矿化形成于121. 0±3. 5Ma,与围岩火山岩存在较大时差,可能与晚于围岩的深部次火山有关。根据穿插关系,多金属矿化略晚于碱性交代铀矿化,但明显早于酸性交代铀矿化;(2)多金属矿化脉体中金属矿物的Rb和Sr含量分别介于0. 041×10~(-6)～1. 38×10-6和2. 35×10-6～23. 11×10-6之间,Sr同位素初始比值(87Sr/86Sr)i变化较大,介于0. 706114～0. 718814之间,平均值为0. 713579,暗示相山铀矿田深部多金属矿化的成矿物质主要来源于地壳。初始流体Sr同位素值(0. 718665)明显高于成矿时赋矿围岩(流纹英安岩为0. 714581,碎斑流纹岩为0. 714417)的Sr同位素组成,表明多金属成矿流体和物质并非来自围岩火山岩;(3)由早到晚阶段的(87Sr/86Sr)i呈明显降低的演化趋势,表明成矿流体演化过程中受到大气降水的不断稀释作用。相山矿田的铀矿和深部多金属矿化同形成于华南中生代板内伸展构造背景。