滇西点苍山-哀牢山变质岩系变质时限研究

点苍山-哀牢山变质带沿红河-哀牢山走滑剪切带呈北西-南东向展布,其主体由下元古界苍山群和哀牢山群深变质岩系组成,是滇西最显著的带状变质带之一。点苍山-哀牢山变质带的变质时限和山脉隆升时限由于缺乏精确年代学数据制约,一直存在不同认识。本文选取点苍山花岗闪长质糜棱岩（DCS-1）,哀牢山墨江-元江段黑云母花岗闪长质片麻岩（SM07-1）和其侵位的同变形花岗岩脉（SM07-3）以及元江县城西北山前花岗质片麻岩（YJ）作为研究对象,并挑选出锆石颗粒（SM07-3）、黑云母（SM07-1-Bi,SM07-3-Bi）、白云母（SM07-1-Ms）、钾长石(DCS-1-Kf, SM07-3-Kf)和斜长石（YJ-Pl）以及基质（YJ-ma）进行精确年代学测试。花岗岩脉颗粒锆石U-Pb SHRIMP 加权平均年龄为30.8±0.3Ma（SM07-3, MSWD=3.27）;其它单矿物激光⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar等时线年龄分别为13.1±1.5Ma (DCS-1-Kf, MSWD=2.9)、22.3±0.9Ma (SM07-1-Ms, MSWD=1.7)、21.9±0.7Ma (SM07-1-Bi, MSWD=1.3)、21.3±0.7Ma (SM07-3-Kf, MSWD=1.2)、22.7±0.8Ma (SM07-3-Bi, MSWD=2.4)、19.8±1.6Ma (YJ-ma, MSWD=19)和21.57±0.38Ma (YJ-Pl, MSWD=1.5)。结合区域地质背景、地质演化、野外观察和年代学资料,本文研究认为点苍山-哀牢山变质带的峰期变质变形时间为30Ma左右,此时山脉已开始隆升,在约20Ma和13Ma山脉分别经历一期构造热事件作用,揭示山脉经历快速隆升和冷却过程。     

青海扎陵湖和鄂陵湖盆地第四纪河湖相地层研究

通过对扎陵湖和鄂陵湖沿岸的湖积阶地中湖相沉积的野外地质调查和实测剖面,对分布于盆地内的第四纪早更新世-全新世湖相地层进行了详细的研究和划分、重新厘定了该区第四纪岩石地层单元,确立了生物地层和年代地层序列.建立了青海东南部地区第四纪早更新世-全新世湖相地层单位-黄河源群(QH),黄河源群是由第四系下更新统野生沟组(Qp~1γ)、中更新统鄂陵湖组(Qp~2e)、上更新统大野马岭组(Qp~3d)和全新统黑河乡组(Qhh)等4个组组成.为青藏高原湖泊演化、气候变化、古地理变迁研究,以及第四纪地层的划分与对比等提供了新资料.     

喜马拉雅造山带东段错那地区高喜马拉雅结晶岩系的变质作用与构造意义

位于造山带核部的高喜马拉雅结晶岩系是由印度大陆俯冲到亚洲大陆之下经历变质作用的产物,是研究喜马拉雅造山带形成与演化过程的理想载体。本文对造山带东段错那地区高喜马拉雅结晶岩系上部构造层位的正片麻岩进行了岩石学、相平衡模拟,锆石与独居石U-Pb年代学研究。研究结果表明这些岩石的峰期矿物组合为石榴石+斜长石+钾长石+黑云母+白云母+石英+钛铁矿,保留有深熔作用的结构特征。岩石中的石榴石具有生长成分环带。相平衡模拟表明,岩石的峰期变质条件为710~750℃和9.0~10.5kbar,具有一个顺时针型变质作用P-T轨迹,其进变质过程以升温、升压和部分熔融为特征,退变质作用为降温、降压过程。锆石与独居石U-Pb定年表明,这些正片麻岩具有510~490Ma的原岩年龄,和27~11Ma的退变质时间。本研究表明高喜马拉雅结晶岩系的上部构造层位经历了高角闪岩相变质作用与部分熔融,为造山带的构造演化提供了重要信息。     

Late Oligocene–Miocene mantle upwelling and interaction inferred from mantle signatures in gabbroic to granitic rocks from the Urumieh–Dokhtar arc,south Ardestan,Iran

The south Ardestan plutonic rocks constitute major outcrops in the central part of Iran’s Cenozoic magmatic belt and encompass a wide compositional spectrum from gabbro to granodiorite. U–Pb laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) dating of zircon three granodiorites yielded ages of 24.6 ± 0.1, 24.6 ± 0.1, and 24.5 ± 0.1 Ma. For tonalitic rocks, internal Rb–Sr isochron ages (biotite, feldspars) indicate cooling ages of 20.4 ± 0.1, 20.5 ± 0.1, and 22.3 ± 0.1 Ma, which are slightly younger than the zircons’ ages. The limited variations in their Sr–Nd isotope ratios indicate derivation from an asthenospheric mantle source. A geodynamic model is presented in which late Oligocene–Miocene rollback of the Neotethyan subducting slab triggered asthenospheric upwelling and partial melting in the south Ardestan. These melts were subsequently modified through fractional crystallization and minor crustal contamination en-route to the surface. Plagioclase + orthopyroxene-dominated fractional crystallization accounts for differentiation of gabbro to gabbroic diorite, whereas fractionation of clinopyroxene, titanomagnetite, and orthopyroxene led to differentiation of gabbroic diorite to diorite. Amphibole fractionation at deeper levels led to the development of tonalites.     

Geochronology,geochemistry, and tectonic setting of the Oligocene magmatic rocks (Marmaros Magmatic Assemblage) in Gökçeada Island,northwest Turkey

Through the ?zmir–Ankara–Erzincan and the Vardar oceans suture zones, convergence between the Eurasian and African plates played a key role in controlling Palaeogene magmatism in northwestern Anatolia, northern Aegean, and eastern Balkans. LA-ICP-MS dating of U and Pb isotopes on zircon separates from the tuffs of the Harmankaya Volcanic Rocks, which are inter-fingered with the lower-middle Eocene deposits of the Gaziköy Formation to the north of the Ganos Fault and the Karaa?aç Formation in the Gelibolu Peninsula, yielded a late Ypresian (51 Ma) age. The chemical characteristics suggest that the lavas and tuffs of the Harmankaya Volcanic Rocks are products of syn- or post-collision magmas. These volcanic rocks show also close affinities to the subduction-related magmas. In addition to the already known andesitic volcanic rocks, our field observations in Gökçeada Island indicate also the existence of granitic and rhyolitic rocks (Marmaros Magmatic Assemblage). Our U–Pb zircon age data has shown that the newly discovered Marmaros granitic plutons intruded during late Oligocene (26 Ma) into the deposits of the Karaa?aç Formation in Gökçeada Island. LA-ICP-MS dating of U and Pb isotopes on zircon separates from the Marmaros rhyolitic rocks yielded a late Oligocene (26 Ma) crystallization age. Geochemical characteristics indicate that the more-evolved Oligocene granitic and rhyolitic rock of the Marmaros Magmatic Assemblage possibly assimilated a greater amount of crustal material than the lower Eocene Harmankaya Volcanic Rocks. Geochemical features and age relationships suggest increasing amounts of crustal contamination and a decreasing subduction signature during the evolution of magmas in NW Turkey from the early Eocene to the Oligocene. The magmatic activity developed following the northward subduction of the ?zmir–Ankara–Erzincan oceanic lithosphere and the earliest Palaeocene final continental collision between the Sakarya and Anatolide–Tauride zones.     

新疆哈密卡拉塔格块状硫化物矿床金银赋存状态研究

新疆哈密红海黄土坡VMS矿床位于东天山卡拉塔格隆起带,是卡拉塔格矿集区内新发现的块状硫化物矿床。矿体产于卡拉塔格隆起带核部火山沉积岩建造中,具有典型的VMS型矿床“上层下脉”二元结构特征。该矿床中含金硫化物矿石主要有块状黄铁矿黄铜矿、块状黄铁矿黄铜矿闪锌矿、块状黄铁矿闪锌矿黄铜矿和块状闪锌矿。文中在对各类含金硫化物矿石进行详细的矿相学研究基础上,结合扫描电子显微镜与能谱仪联用技术(SEM/EDS),对硫化物样品中金、银的赋存状态进行研究。结果表明,4种块状硫化物中的主要矿物形成于多个期次,主要包括VMS成矿期(黄铁矿阶段、闪锌矿黄铜矿黝铜矿方铅矿阶段、石英重晶石阶段)、热液叠加期(石英黄铁矿黄铜矿闪锌矿方铅矿阶段)和表生期(铜蓝纤铁矿阶段)。矿区首次发现4颗金银金属互化物(银金矿、碲银矿),其较大的化学成分差异指示了热液环境由中酸性中性转变为更有利于Au、Ag迁移沉淀的偏碱性。后期的偏碱性热液对VMS成矿期形成矿物产生了交代作用,使得Au、Ag活化再富集。由于后期热液叠加改造,红海VMS型矿床中Au、Ag不仅赋存于VMS成矿期后期中低温闪锌矿黄铜矿阶段,也赋存于VMS成矿期早期中高温黄铁矿阶段,并贯穿整个热液叠加期。各含金矿物组合中除4颗金银金属互化物外Au多呈显微不可见状态,推测Au、Ag主要以原子或离子形式赋存于矿物晶格中或矿物空位处。     

冈底斯带中段渐新世花岗质岩石锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄、岩石地球化学特征及其意义

以藏南冈底斯带中段渐新世花岗质岩石为研究对象,对其进行了岩相学、年代学、岩石地球化学及Hf同位素研究,结果表明区内渐新世花岗质岩石岩性主要为中粗粒花岗闪长岩、中粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩和似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩。锆石U-Pb定年表明,似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩的成岩年龄为26.4±0.4 Ma,属晚渐新世岩浆活动产物。岩石地球化学特征上里特曼指数σ为1.58～3.20,为高钾钙碱性—钾玄岩系列;铝饱和指数A/CNK值为0.90～1.04,属准铝质—弱过铝质;岩石相对富集Rb、K和亏损Ba等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti等高场强元素;轻稀土元素明显富集,轻重稀土元素分馏较强(La_N/Yb_N值为5.37～14.26),具有较弱的Eu负异常。岩相学及岩石地球化学指示花岗岩成因类型为I型。似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值为0.08～6.31,Hf同位素一阶段模式年龄变化范围为445～687 Ma,主要来自新生地壳的部分熔融,并有幔源物质的加入;岩浆在成岩过程中存在分离结晶作用。综合分析认为,冈底斯带在渐新世时期处于印度与亚洲板块的碰撞造山环境,挤压作用及幔源物质侵位导致地壳加厚,使青藏高原在该时期发生了一次强烈的隆升。     

Palaeomagnetic Study of Permian Strata at the Yuzhou-Dafengkou Section, Henan

In western Henan, Late Palaeozoic coal measures are completely developed and well exposed. A great deal of research work on biostratigraphy was done by predecessors. After systematic palaeomagnetic studies, we have confirmed the existence of the Permian Kiaman reversed polarity epoch in the study region. Its palaeolatitude varied from 11.2° N(P,) to 15.6°N(P2). This provides important evidence for the view that this region was situated in a low latitude climatic zone in this period and gradually moved northwards from the tropic rain forest climate area to the tropic arid-humid seasonal climate area during this stage.     

Timing and Duration of Hydrothermal in the Oligocene Hamad Cauldron, SW Japan: Evidence from K-Ar Ages of Sericites

Abstract: Crystallinity, chemical compositions and K-Ar ages of sericites in highly-sericitized granites and associated fissure-filling veins were examined to delineate the timing and duration of the hydrothermal activity in the Oligocene Hamada cauldron in the San-in district, SW Japan. Sericite separates (>2 μm) from the highly-sericitized granites consist mainly of 2M₁ polytype having high crystallinity and low Kübler indices of 0.22–0.35, while those in the fissure-filling veins have lower 2M₁/1Md ratios and crystallinity, and high Kübler indices of 0.29–0.35. This suggests that the sericites in highlysericitized granites were formed at a higher temperature than the vein sericites.
Sericites from the highly-sericitized granites of the Kumogi pluton give K-Ar ages of 30.0±0.7, 30.4±0.7, 30.6±0.7, 30.6±0.7, 32.1±0.7, 32.3±0.7 and 33.0±0.7 Ma (1), while those of the central plutons, 33.8±0.7 and 33.8±0.7 Ma. Sericites in the fissure-filling veins of the Kumogi granite give K-Ar ages of 31.0±0.7, 31.5±0.7, 31.6±0.7, 31.7±0.7 and 32.3±0.7 Ma. Biotite separates from the fresh Kumogi granite give K-Ar ages of 31.7±0.8, 32.0±0.8, 32.7±0.7 and 33.5±0.7 Ma. The K-Ar age data revealed that the hydrothermal alteration began at about 33 Ma and ended by about 30 Ma and that the period of sericite alteration was nearly synchronous with the cooling of the granite intrusions in the Hamada cauldron.
Despite intense hydrothermal alteration, the Oligocene granitoids have not accompanied with any economic base metal mineralization. The bulk chemical analyses of sericite separates in the veins indicate that the post-magmatic fluids were originally barren in heavy metals.     

鲁、苏、皖震旦系寒武系含金刚石砾岩特征

中国东部发现的震旦系、寒武系含金刚石砾岩,分别划属震旦系黑山宫组,寒武系五山组和金山寨组.它们都形成于不整合侵蚀面的洼陷处.含金刚石砾岩呈层状,透镜状.金刚石来源于太古界、元古界分布区的金伯利岩。砾岩形成与基底准平原化有关,在浪蚀、海流作用下形成于滨海地带。