Seismic architecture and seismic geomorphology of heterozoan carbonates: Eocene-Oligocene,Browse Basin,Northwest Shelf,Australia

Seismic characterization of Eocene-Oligocene heterozoan carbonate strata from the Browse Basin, Northwest Shelf of Australia, defines marked progradation of nearly 10 km. Stratal terminations and stacking subdivide the succession into mappable seismic units. Stratal architecture and seismic geomorphology varies systematically through the succession.Individual surfaces, discerned by toplap, onlap, and truncation, outline sigmoidal to tangential oblique clinoforms with heights of ranging from 350 to 650 m and maximum gradients between 8 and 18°. Sigmoidal clinoforms can include aggradation in excess of ∼200 m, prograde more than 500 m, and have slopes characterized by inclined, wavy to discontinuous reflectors that represent ubiquitous gullies and channels. In contrast, the overlying tangential oblique clinoforms include downstepped shelf margins, limited on-shelf aggradation (<100 m) and toplap, subdued progradation (<500 m), and continuous parallel inclined reflectors on the slope. Wedges of basinally restricted reflectors at toe of slope onlap surfaces of pronounced erosional truncation or syndepositional structural modification. The succession includes repeated patterns of seismic units that onlap, aggrade, and prograde, interpreted to represent sequence sets and composite sequences.The associations of shelf aggradation, shelf-margin progradation, and slope channeling within sigmoidal seismic units and the less marked progradation and channeling within tangential oblique seismic units contrast with the classic sequence model in which sediment delivery to the slope and pronounced progradation is favored by limited shelf accommodation. This distinct divergence is interpreted to reflect the prolific heterozoan production across the shelf during periods of rising and high base level when the shelf is flooded, perhaps enhanced by downwelling. Comparison with purely photozoan systems reveals similarities and contrasts in seismic stratigraphic heterogeneity and architecture, interpreted to be driven by distinct characteristics of heterozoan sedimentary systems.     

Paleomagnetic age of ferruginous weathering beneath the Hamersley Surface,Pilbara, Western Australia,and the Cenozoic apparent polar wander path

During the Mesozoic and Paleogene, the Precambrian rocks in the Pilbara, Western Australia, underwent erosion and deep weathering that produced an undulating landform now represented by the duricrusted and partly eroded Hamersley Surface. A reddened, ferruginous weathering zone occurs immediately beneath this duricrusted surface. Oriented block samples of ferruginised strata of the Neoarchean–early Paleoproterozoic Hamersley Group exposed within approximately 15 m below the duricrust were collected at 20 sites in roadcuts along the Great Northern Highway between Munjina and Newman and exposures along the adjoining Karijini Drive. Stepwise thermal demagnetisation of cored specimens revealed a stable, high-temperature (680°C) component carried by hematite, with a mean direction (n = 55 specimens) of declination D = 182.0°, inclination I = 52.9° (α₉₅ = 3.6°), indicating a pole position at latitude λ_p = 77.6°S, longitude ?_p = 113.2°E (A₉₅ = 4.3°) and a paleolatitude λ = 33.5 +3.6/–3.3°S. Both normal and reversed polarities are present, indicating that the remanent magnetism was acquired over an interval of at least two polarity chrons (say 10⁵–10⁶ years). Chi-square tests on the determined pole position and three different sets of Cenozoic poles, namely those for dated volcanic rocks in eastern Australia supplemented by poles for Australian Cenozoic weathering horizons, and inferred poles from Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean hotspot analyses and North American Cenozoic poles rotated to Australian coordinates, yielded a mean age of ca 24 ± 3 Ma, i.e. late Oligocene to early Miocene, interpreted as the time of formation of hematite in the sampled ferruginous zone. The ferruginous weathering occurred under globally warm conditions and was followed during the early to middle Miocene climatic optimum by the deposition of channel iron deposits, which incorporated detrital hematitic material derived from erosion of the ferruginous weathering zone beneath the Hamersley Surface.     

贵州铜仁塘边铅锌矿床成矿时代和成矿物质来源——来自Rb-Sr同位素测年和S-Pb同位素的证据

对贵州铜仁塘边铅锌矿床开展闪锌矿Rb-Sr测年和黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿S、Pb同位素分析,以获得矿区的成矿年龄,探讨其成矿物质来源。塘边铅锌矿床闪锌矿Rb-Sr等时线年龄为477±5Ma(MSWD=1.2),与前人获得的卜口场矿区闪锌矿Rb-Sr等时线年龄486±6Ma在误差范围内一致,表明矿床形成于加里东早期。黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿S同位素变化于+25.2‰~+36.1‰之间,与湘西—黔东主要铅锌矿床相似,明显富集重硫,认为S可能来源于寒武系海水碳酸盐和/或下伏地层。方铅矿、闪锌矿Pb同位素~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb值为38.389~38.584,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb值为15.737~15.790,206Pb/~(204)Pb值为18.181~18.217,μ值为9.75~9.86,显示铅主要来源于上地壳。     

高频单历元GPS双差解算及其精度分析

基于Windows研制WinTrack高频单历元GPS双差解算软件,进行10 Hz短基线和1 Hz中基线高频观测、动态差分解算及精度分析。试验表明,中短基线条件下,高频单历元GPS双差解的保守精度为cm级,与数据质量、观测条件及时机等因素相关;不同精密星历条件下的解算精度一致,而5 m精度广播星历对短基线结果最大差异小于1 mm。     

基于非差与历元差分两种观测模型估计精密卫星钟差的方法比较

研究了非差与历元差分两种观测模型估计精密卫星钟差的方法,评价了分别利用两类观测模型估钟的特点。通过实际算例分析了两种观测模型估钟的处理速度与精度。计算结果表明：基于非差观测模型估计卫星钟差精度高、观测信息没有损失、可靠性高、可以实现模糊度固定,但由于未知参数多,解算速度较慢,且需要经过一段时间的收敛才能达到所需精度;而历元差分模型估计卫星钟差待求参数较少,计算效率高,且不存在收敛过程,但估钟精度比非差模型估钟收敛后的精度略低,且得不到钟差初值,需从导航电文中提取或通过其他方式获取,不过由此引起的系统性偏差,在定位时可被模糊度和接收机钟差吸收,不影响最终的定位结果。     

宁波育王山山前断层几何结构及新活动时代

根据1：10000条带状地质填图所获资料,分析了育王山山前断层的几何结构和新活动时代。断层北起岙张水库大坝东北,向南经河头蕉-竺家-陈家-钱家-俞家-王家一线以西,止于詹家西南,由2条次级段呈羽列式展布,北段为岙张水库-红岩水库段,南段为红岩水库东南-詹家段。剖面上断层地貌显示清楚,西侧为侏罗系构成的育王山低山,东侧为大楔盆地。各条断层皆由多个断面构成宽几米-几十米的断层带。根据探槽、天然剖面特征和OSL、ESR样品年龄测试结果综合分析,断层至少有两期活动,早期活动性质为逆断层,时间为早更新世,晚期活动性质为右旋走滑兼正断或逆断层,时间为中更新世,最新活动时代为中更新世晚期。通过探槽揭露,确定育王山山前洪积扇陡坎是人类活动造成,而非断层陡坎。     

金山金矿成矿年龄测定及华南加里东成金期的讨论

金山金矿是中国南方的一个重要金属床,属于变质细碎屑岩型,产于中元古界双桥山群中,矿石由超糜棱岩型及石英脉型组成。对于其形成时代有晋宁期,燕山期,晋宁期＋燕山期,晋宁期＋加里东期＋印支期＋燕山期等多种观点。     

熊耳裂陷印支期碱性岩浆活动成矿作用、生成模式

河南嵩县磨沟正长岩体单颗粒锆石UPb法年龄为208.5 Ma,陕西华阳川碳酸岩有关辉钼矿的ReOs等时线年龄为221 Ma,表明熊耳裂陷印支期碱性岩浆活动主要发育在南部小秦岭古岭东西两侧,分别以富钾、稀土元素为特征。东侧以正长岩为主的岩浆活动,与金的成矿作用有关;西侧碳酸岩直接形成钼铅矿床。印支期碱性岩浆活动具幔壳混源型和板内、非造山构造环境特征,是在中三叠世之后的碰撞事件过程中,秦岭微地块向华北地块俯冲而诱发的。     

新疆可可塔勒金与多金属矿带成矿演化

海西早期,西伯利亚板块南缘拉张沉降带NW向断裂控制着 麦兹、克朗火山沉积盆地及可可塔勒矿带海相火山喷流沉积型铁铅锌铜矿床。矿床形成顺序为蒙库铁矿、可可塔勒铅锌矿、铁木尔特铅锌矿和后期断裂作用形成的萨热阔布金矿。与铁矿床有关的黄铁矿硫同位素组成显示硫和矿质来自深部岩浆源,铅锌铜矿硫同位素分为两组,一组富轻硫,δ34S最低为-27.96‰（范围-27.961‰～-5.400‰）,另一组δ34S均值接近于0‰（范围-3.360‰～+5.100‰）,硫同位素及流体包裹体资料表明有两种成矿流体,一种为海水深循环热液;另一种为火山岩浆热液。断裂构造、盆地、火山活动和流体演化决定了矿带成矿系列演化。     

蒙古国塔木察格盆地塔南凹陷早白垩世构造古地貌控砂机制*

构造活动是源-汇系统中形成古地貌和砂分散体系的重要影响因素。塔木察格盆地塔南凹陷在早白垩世是一个典型的断陷湖盆,经历了多期幕式断陷活动,但同沉积构造活动及其配置所产生的古地貌对层序结构特征、沉积体系及砂体分布的控制作用仍不明确。文中以地震、测井、岩心资料为基础,以层序地层学理论和古地貌控砂理论为指导,建立了塔南凹陷下白垩统层序地层格架;结合断层活动性分析,阐明了不同类型古地貌对沉积体系和砂体分布的控制作用和规律。构造演化和沉积充填的综合研究表明: 受控盆主断裂的幕式断陷活动及同沉积断裂的差异断陷活动影响,塔南凹陷发育横向凸起和走向斜坡2种类型的构造调节带,这些构造调节带是水系入盆的通道,控制着盆地的主体物源方向、沉积体系类型与分布特征;根据断层的几何形态及发育部位,共识别出4种类型构造坡折带,分别是陡坡断崖型坡折带、陡坡断阶型坡折带、缓坡反向断阶型坡折带和盆内坡折带,它们各自控制了不同类型沉积体系的形成与分布;沉积物入盆后,沉积物分散体系和砂体的分布特征受同沉积断裂的组合样式控制,研究区共发育梳状断裂系、叉状断裂系和平行断裂系3种同沉积断裂平面组合;与构造调节带相对应的断裂坡折带低部位是大型储层砂体,特别是低位扇三角洲或盆底扇砂体发育的有利部位,是寻找砂岩油气藏的有利区带。研究成果对于深化断陷湖盆源-汇系统理论、指导断陷湖盆砂体分布预测具有重要的理论意义和实际价值。