基于逻辑回归CA模型的溢油模拟与预测

结合逻辑回归方法和元胞自动机模型构建了逻辑回归CA模型,模型中的逻辑回归方法能够很方便地获取影响因子的权重,再设置起止条件等,便可以模拟出溢油的动态变化情况。把模型应用到Deep Spill项目的溢油模拟实验中,结果表明,从模型结果的形态看,模拟结果与检验结果吻合程度较高,能够很好地模拟出溢油扩散与漂移等重要的溢油特性。从统计分析中可知,模拟结果的总精度可达96.8%,Kappa系数达到0.834。     

Geochemistry of the Eocene Jijuntun Formation oil shale in the Fushun Basin,northeast China: Implications for source-area weathering,provenance and tectonic setting

Within the fault-bound Fushun Basin of northeastern China, the Eocene Jijuntun Formation hosts extensive deposits of thick lacustrine oil shale. Systematic sampling and geochemical analysis of these deposits has revealed that the parent rocks of the oil shale underwent moderate chemical weathering; and that its mineralogy and trace and rare earth element geochemistry were mainly controlled by parent rock composition, with no synsedimentary changes in the source terrain. Based on source rock and tectonic setting discrimination diagrams, we concluded that the parent rocks of the oil shale were mostly basalts of the Paleogene Laohutai Formation. These basalts originated in a continental back arc environment and contain abundant nutrient elements such as Fe, P, Ni, Cu and Zn, all of which are essential for the growth of aquatic photoautotrophs in lakes. Continuous, high primary productivity in the Jinjuntun lacustrine depocentre, combined with a stable tectonic setting and underfilled sedimentary environment, were key factors in the genesis of its oil shale.     

Enclave oil development and the rearticulation of citizenship in Turkana,Kenya: Exploring ‘crude citizenship’

Turkana County, located in the arid region of northwestern Kenya, has long been imagined as backwards and unproductive. As a result, successive governments have neglected to provide adequate social services and investments in the county, leaving Turkanas to rely on humanitarian organisations for access to rights and protections traditionally associated with citizenship. Yet when oil was discovered in Turkana in 2012, the county was thrust into the international spotlight. The oil exploration and development activities that followed the oil discovery have already begun to impact life in Turkana. Accordingly, this paper focuses on changing social and political relationships in light of emergent spaces of enclave oil development in Turkana. Our analysis draws from key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations carried out in Kenya between October 2014 and May 2015. Specifically, we demonstrate that the Kenyan state’s historically hands-off approach to governing this region has led some Turkanas to seek recognition, legitimization, and fulfillment for their rights from oil companies, rather than the state. We argue that this is drawing oil companies and rural communities into an uneasy citizen-state-like relationship, altering the experiences and practices of citizenship in Turkana. We conclude that while the presence of oil companies in Turkana may benefit some, it also works to the detriment of others, introducing new forms of inequality and marginalization – a process we refer to as ‘crude citizenship’.     

新疆克拉玛依油田一中区克拉玛依组辫状河储层砂体类型及分布特征

通过露头实测、岩心观察及测录井资料分析等结果表明,克拉玛依油田一中区克拉玛依组S7、S5和S4砂层组沉积时期以发育辫状河为特征,可进一步划分为近源砾质辫状河、远源砾质辫状河和砂质辫状河沉积3种类型。上述3种类型的辫状河沉积在沉积特征、河道空间叠置样式及组合关系等方面存在明显的差异。近源砾质辫状河河道岩性以砾岩为主,为中孔低渗储层。单河道沉积厚度2~4.5m,宽度500~800m,表现为河道-河道直接接触的连片组合方式;远源砾质辫状河河道岩性仍以砾岩为主,含少量砂岩,物性较近源砾质辫状河略好,为中孔低渗储层。单河道沉积厚度为1.5~4m,河道砂体宽度400~750m,表现为河道-溢岸-河道的连片组合方式;砂质辫状河河道岩性以砂岩为主,为中孔低渗储层,物性优于砾质辫状河。单层厚度为0.5~2.5m,宽度为300~700m,但河道沉积分布范围有限,河道之间多为带状或交织带状组合方式。根据上述对比分析认为砾质辫状河河道砂体虽然物性相对较差、非均质性较强,但砂体厚度大、分布广泛、连通性好,目前为全区主要油气开发的目的层;砂质辫状河河道砂体尽管物性较好,但由于厚度较薄,分布局限,仅在东部地区其累计厚度较大,当与其它成藏条件匹配时,可形成具有开发潜力的目的层。     

深部细粒碎屑岩储层成岩作用研究——以苏北盆地张家垛油田阜三段为例

毗邻烃源岩的细粒储层,由于其岩石结构、组分及沉积环境的特殊性,成岩作用表现出一定差异。本文以张家垛油田阜三段细粒碎屑岩储层为例,通过铸体薄片、X射线衍射、扫描电镜等相关分析,研究其成岩作用的特殊性。研究结果表明:(1)细粒储层的成分成熟度和结构成熟度较高,常被泥岩包裹,在压实作用中若存在欠压实,粒间孔可以被很好地保留下来;(2)细粒储层形成时水动力较弱,杂基含量高导致微孔较多;(3)大量的粘土矿物使孔隙比表面增加,抑制了后期硅质和碳酸盐胶结物的析出;(4)比表面的增加减缓了孔隙流体的对流速率和扩散速率,不利于次生孔隙的形成,粒度越细,次生孔隙越不发育。细粒碎屑岩储层有别于常规储层,对其特殊的成岩作用进行研究具有重要的理论价值和实际意义。     

A Method for Determining Sedimentary Micro-Facies Belts Automatically

It is important to understand the distribution of sedimentary facies, especially the distribution of sand body that is the key for oil production and exploration. The secondary oil recovery requires analyzing a great deal of data accumulated within decades of oil field development. At many cases sedimentary micro-facies maps need to be reconstructed and redrawn frequently, which is time-consuming and heavy. This paper presents an integrated approach for determining the distribution of sedimentary micro-facies, tracing the micro-facies boundary, and drawing the map of sedimentary micro-facies belts automatically by computer technique. The approach is based on the division and correlation of strata of multiple wells as well as analysis of sedimentary facies. The approach includes transform, gridding, interpolation, superposing, searching boundary and drawing the map of sedimentary facies belts, and employs the spatial interpolation method and "worm" interpolation method to determine the distribution of sedimentary micro-facies including sand ribbon and/or sand blanket. The computer software developed on the basis of the above principle provides a tool for quick visualization and understanding the distribution of sedimentary micro-facies and reservoir. Satisfied results have been achieveed by applying the technique to the Putaohua Oil Field in Songliao Basin, China.     

推覆构造的特征及其与油气的关系

推覆构造是地壳中广泛发育的一种构造型式。逆冲断层常成带地平行排列,形成逆冲带和叠瓦构造。断层多呈上陡下缓或阶梯状,底部常有滑脱构造,并在深处常收敛在一个基底逆冲断层上。推覆构造还常与飞来峰、构造窗、叠瓦构造、牵引褶皱、后冲断层和平移断层等构造现象一起产出。推覆构造不仅扩大了找油的领域,它本身对油气的生成、储集、运移、圈闭和保存条件都有着重要的影响。虽然它们有时可造成某些对油气藏不利的因素,但更经常地则是造成油气藏形成的有利条件。当然,影响油气藏形成的因素十分广泛,它不仅限于推覆构造本身的某些特征,同时还决定于许多其它地质条件。因此,不同推覆构造或同一推覆构造的不同部位,其含油气远景也是很不相同的。     

Magnetic cleansing of weathered/tarry oiled feathers--the role of pre-conditioners

Iron powder has previously been demonstrated to be effective in the removal, via magnetic harvesting, of a wide variety of oil contaminants from feathers and plumage. This study investigates the efficacy of magnetic cleansing for the removal from feathers of tarry contamination that has been allowed to weather. Clusters of feathers from Mallard duck (Anas platyrhnchos) and Little Penguin (Eudyptula minor) were completely immersed in a tarry contaminant and allowed to weather from one to fourteen days. The contaminant was removed using a magnetic cleansing protocol and the removal efficacy assessed gravimetrically. For one, seven and fourteen days of weathering, a final removal (after fourteen treatments) of more than 99% and 97% was achieved for duck feathers and penguin feathers, respectively. Repeating the experiments (for a seven-day weathering period) for both duck and penguin feathers, with the judicious application of a pre-conditioner (olive oil), further improved removal efficacy. A convenient method to screen for improved pre-conditioning agents is suggested.     

松辽盆地朝阳沟阶地扶余-杨大城子油层油源分析与油气运移模式

基于生物标志化合物参数,系统对比分析了朝阳沟阶地扶余-杨大城子油层原油与三肇凹陷及朝阳沟阶地青山口组-段源岩的关系,表明朝阳沟阶地扶余油层有两个主要油源,即三肇凹陷青-段源岩与朝阳沟本地区青-段源岩,且两者对扶余油层的贡献量可能基本相同.朝阳沟地区杨大城子油层原油与三肇凹陷青-段源岩有密切的亲缘关系,与朝阳沟青-段源岩亲缘关系不明显.这与朝阳沟阶地源岩超压值相对较小、导致油气下排距离浅、进入杨大城子油层的油气量较小相符.在油源对比的基础上,结合断裂和砂体分布等各种地质条件,将朝阳沟阶地油气运移模式分为远源长距离侧向运移和近源短距离侧向运移两种类型.