A sensitivity analysis of factors affecting in geologic CO2 storage in the Ordos Basin and its contribution to carbon neutrality

To accelerate the achievement of China’s carbon neutrality goal and to study the factors affecting the geologic CO₂ storage in the Ordos Basin, China’s National Key R&D Programs propose to select the Chang 6 oil reservoir of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin as the target reservoir to conduct the geologic carbon capture and storage (CCS) of 100000 t per year. By applying the basic theories of disciplines such as seepage mechanics, multiphase fluid mechanics, and computational fluid mechanics and quantifying the amounts of CO₂ captured in gas and dissolved forms, this study investigated the effects of seven factors that influence the CO₂ storage capacity of reservoirs, namely reservoir porosity, horizontal permeability, temperature, formation stress, the ratio of vertical to horizontal permeability, capillary pressure, and residual gas saturation. The results show that the sensitivity of the factors affecting the gas capture capacity of CO₂ decreases in the order of formation stress, temperature, residual gas saturation, horizontal permeability, and porosity. Meanwhile, the sensitivity of the factors affecting the dissolution capture capacity of CO₂ decreases in the order of formation stress, residual gas saturation, temperature, horizontal permeability, and porosity. The sensitivity of the influencing factors can serve as the basis for carrying out a reasonable assessment of sites for future CO₂ storage areas and for optimizing the design of existing CO₂ storage areas. The sensitivity analysis of the influencing factors will provide basic data and technical support for implementing geologic CO₂ storage and will assist in improving geologic CO₂ storage technologies to achieve China’s carbon neutralization goal.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office.     

Hydrate phase transition and seepage mechanism during natural gas hydrates production tests in the South China Sea: A review and prospect

Natural gas hydrates (NGHs) are globally recognized as an important type of strategic alternative energy due to their high combustion efficiency, cleanness, and large amounts of resources. The NGHs reservoirs in the South China Sea (SCS) mainly consist of clayey silts. NGHs reservoirs of this type boast the largest distribution range and the highest percentage of resources among NGHs reservoirs in the world. However, they are more difficult to exploit than sandy reservoirs. The China Geological Survey successfully carried out two NGHs production tests in the Shenhu Area in the northern SCS in 2017 and 2020, setting multiple world records, such as the longest gas production time, the highest total gas production, and the highest average daily gas production, as well as achieving a series of innovative theoretical results. As suggested by the in-depth research on the two production tests, key factors that restrict the gas production efficiency of hydrate dissociation include reservoir structure characterization, hydrate phase transition, multiphase seepage and permeability enhancement, and the simulation and regulation of production capacity, among which the hydrate phase transition and seepage mechanism are crucial. Study results reveal that the hydrate phase transition in the SCS is characterized by low dissociation temperature, is prone to produce secondary hydrates in the reservoirs, and is a complex process under the combined effects of the seepage, stress, temperature, and chemical fields. The multiphase seepage is controlled by multiple factors such as the physical properties of unconsolidated reservoirs, the hydrate phase transition, and exploitation methods and is characterized by strong methane adsorption, abrupt changes in absolute permeability, and the weak flow capacity of gas. To ensure the long-term, stable, and efficient NGHs exploitation in the SCS, it is necessary to further enhance the reservoir seepage capacity and increase gas production through secondary reservoir stimulation based on initial reservoir stimulation. With the constant progress in the NGHs industrialization, great efforts should be made to tackle the difficulties, such as determining the micro-change in temperature and pressure, the response mechanisms of material-energy exchange, the methods for efficient NGHs dissociation, and the boundary conditions for the formation of secondary hydrates in the large-scale, long-term gas production.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office.     

川东北地区长兴组-飞仙关组油气成藏组合特征及有利勘探区带

随着油气勘探的逐渐深入,近年在川东北地区相继发现了铁山坡、渡口河、普光、龙岗以及元坝等大中型气田后,长兴组-飞仙关组礁滩储层逐渐被重视,成为目前川东北地区主要的勘探层系。因此,本文以长兴组-飞仙关组储层为核心开展川东北地区油气成藏组合特征的研究,并最终预测有利勘探区带。针对以上研究目的,本文从川东北地区长兴期-飞仙关期沉积相入手,结合川东北地区含油气系统以及成藏事件,并通过对典型油气藏特征的剖析,研究川东北地区成藏组合特征。受开江-梁平海槽演化的控制,研究区长兴期-飞仙关期主要发育开阔台地-蒸发台地以及陆棚。长兴组-飞仙关组主要发育有生物礁相孔缝型灰岩储层、台缘（内）滩相孔缝型白云岩储层以及台内滩相孔隙型白云岩储层。以下志留统、中-上二叠统烃源岩为研究核心,研究区主要发育S₁-P₃ch 含油气系统以及P₂.P₃-P₃ch.T₁f 含油气系统。通过对川东北地区典型气藏剖析,将长兴组-飞仙关组油气藏划分为S₁.P₂.P₃生-P₃ch 储短距离垂向运聚模式（元坝模式）以及S₁.P₂.P₃生-P₃ch.T₁f 储垂向运聚模式（龙岗-普光模式）。以长兴组-飞仙关组礁滩储层为核心建立3 类油气成藏组合,分别为生物礁相灰岩成藏组合、台内滩相白云岩成藏组合以及浅滩相白云岩成藏组合。综合对川东北地区油气成藏条件及其在时空上配置关系的研究,认为南大巴山前冲断带、川东冲断带的达州-开江-梁平一带以及阆中-平昌斜坡带的龙岗地区为长兴组-飞仙关组礁滩储层有利勘探区带;通南巴背斜西南部、九龙山背斜中南部以及中部断褶带为较有利勘探区带。     

世界油页岩资源开发利用现状与发展前景

由于世界原油价格的高涨和常规油气资源的短缺,非常规油气资源中的油页岩以资源丰富、经济性和开发利用的可行性成为21 世纪重要的石油补充和替代能源。世界油页岩资源探明储量折算成页岩油约70%分布在美国,其次集中分布在中国、俄罗斯、巴西、加拿大、约旦、澳大利亚和爱沙尼亚等; 中国油页岩资源约85%以上分布在吉林、辽宁和广东省。随着各国重新或开始重视油页岩的开发与利用,油页岩的储量、页岩油的产量和油页岩开发利用的经济价值都呈增长趋势,相应的政策支持力度也在加大。     

Discovery of Hesigewula Sag on the western margin of Da Hinggan Mountains in China and its significance in petroleum geology

With Songliao Basin in northeast China entering the middle-late stage of the exploration and development of oil and gas resources, it is urgent to open up new areas for oil and gas exploration on the periphery of the basin. Five sedimentary sags have been discovered in the western margin of the Da Hinggan Mountains through high-precision gravity, magnetic, and electrical prospecting engineering. According to the conditions of the 5 sags such as buried depth, area, and the scale of source rock, Hesigewula Sag was preferentially selected to deploy two-dimensional seismic prospecting and drilling. As a result, the stratigraphic distribution and structure of Hesigewula Sag were preliminarily ascertained, the main sedimentary facies developed in Aershan Formation-Tengger Formation of the Lower Cretaceous was summarized, and the assessment parameters of source rock of Hesigewula Sag were obtained. According to the research results, the Hesigewula Sag can be divided into 3 second-order tectonic units including the western bulge, the central sag, and the eastern bulge respectively, and the sag was formed mainly subject to the west fractures. Three sedimentary facies including fan delta facies, braided river delta facies, and lacustrine facies have been identified in the Aershan Formation-Tengger Formation of the sag. The source rock in the first member and second member of Tengger Formation in the sag features high abundance of organic matter, meeting the standards of good source rocks. The kerogen of the source rock is mainly of type II₁ – II₂. The organic matter in the source rock is characterized by low maturity and it entered the evolution stage of low maturity from the second member of Tengger Formation. Furthermore, Hesigewula Sag bears a strong similarity to other petroliferous sags in Erlian Basin in structure, sedimentation, source rock, and other characteristics. Therefore, it can be preliminarily determined that Hesigewula Sag boasts great potential for oil and gas resources.     

复杂断块油田弧形断层对油气的聚集作用——以东辛油田东营组油藏为例

以东辛油田东营组油藏为例,在断裂体系研究的基础上,通过对断层垂向封闭性的研究,建立断面正应力与断层封堵能力的关系,发现弧性断层具有独特的控油优势,进而探讨在复杂断块油田中弧性断层的受力机制及形成过程,分析弧形断层的剖面形态及封闭特征,及其对油气藏聚集的控制优势。指出复杂断块油田弧性断层的封闭性优于其他断层,这对寻找构造边缘和构造应力接合部位的次生油藏意义重大。     

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系古地貌、古沟槽模式的修正及其地质意义

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系古沟槽的早期模式是在早期古地貌基础上建立的,它指导了早期对盆地中部的奥陶系油气勘探;但随着油气勘探程度的提高,原模式因南北向主沟槽的展布特征不明而严重制约了气田的东扩勘探。修正后的古沟槽现今模式更符合岩溶古地貌的发育规律,它进一步明确了盆地古地貌中台地和沟槽的展布特征,解决了原先的地势东倾与主沟槽展布方向不协调的矛盾。新的古沟槽模式的应用,论证了地质综合研究与天然气勘探的关系,它可使气田东侧的天然气勘探开发沿预测的区块继续向东延伸。指出一个正确的地质模式,只有结合生产实践,不断修正完善,才能在勘探实践中发挥其指导作用。     

世界主要被动大陆边缘深水含油气盆地生储盖组合发育规律

世界被动陆缘深水含油气盆地的演化可划分为裂前期、裂谷期以及裂后期(被动陆缘期),裂后期又可划分出热沉降期和漂移期两个亚期.裂谷期发育的裂谷层序和漂移期发育的漂移层序是构成生储盖组合的主要层序.统计发现,盆地的生储盖组合主要有裂谷期生储盖、裂谷期生或混生-漂移期储盖和漂移期生储盖三种组合.三种生储盖组合类型均主要发育海陆...     

美国Culberson重晶石-硫磺矿中流体包裹体的研究

Culberson自然硫-重晶石矿床位于美国德克萨斯州的Delaware油气盆地中,是北美最大的自然硫矿床。它产在晚二叠世Ochoan期的Castile组和Salado组的石灰宕夹薄层蒸发岩和有机质灰岩中,重晶石和自然硫是后生的,常交代这两个组地层中的蒸发岩和富含有机质的灰岩,并填充在古喀斯特中。流体包裹体的研究表明：有两个世代的包裹体,即成岩时和方解石后生加大和重晶石中捕获的石油包裹体和流体包裹体。按包裹体的成分和相态可分为一相液体包裹体、二相气液体包裹体和油气包裹体。研究表明,在方解石、重晶石和天青石的同一生长带中可见到含有不同气液比的流体包裹体、空的包裹体和油气包裹体,它们是在一个不混溶的环境中捕获的,因而其均一温度的测定并不可靠。流体包裹体的T_e在-18℃～-24℃之间,属于NaCl- H_2O体系,盐度为2%～10%。有许多油气包裹体,因而其成矿流体应是一个温度小于100℃的油田水．