Development of oil formation theories and their importance for peak oil

This paper reviews the historical development of both biogenic and non-biogenic petroleum formation. It also examines the recent claim that the so-called “abiotic” oil formation theory undermines the concept of “peak oil,” i.e. the notion that world oil production is destined to reach a maximum that will be followed by an irreversible decline. We show that peak oil is first and foremost a matter of production flows. Consequently, the mechanism of oil formation does not strongly affect depletion. We would need to revise the theory beyond peak oil only for the extreme — and unlikely — hypothesis of abiotic petroleum formation.     

Timing and mechanism of reservoir forming in the Upper Triassic Halahatang Formation,Yuqi block,Tarim Basin,northwestern China

The Yuqi block is an important area for oil and gas exploration in the northern Akekule uplift, Tarim Basin, northwestern China. The Upper Triassic Halahatang Formation (T₃h) within the Yuqi block can be subdivided into a lowstand system tract (LST), a transgressive system tract (TST), and a highstand system tract (HST), based on a study of initial and maximum flood surfaces. Oil in the lowstand system tract of the Halahatang Formation is characterized by medium to lightweight (0.8075 g/cm³–0.9258 g/cm³), low sulfur content (0.41%–1.4%), and high paraffin content (9.65%–10.25%). The distribution of oil and gas is principally controlled by low-amplitude anticlines and faults. Based on studies of fluorescence thin sections and homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions, reservoirs in the T₃h were formed in at least two stages of hydrocarbon charge and accumulation. During the first stage (Jurassic–Cretaceous) both the structural traps and hydrocarbon reservoirs were initiated; during the second stage (Cenozoic) the structural traps were finally formed and the reservoirs were structurally modified. The reservoir-forming mechanism involved external hydrocarbon sources (i.e. younger reservoirs with oil and gas sourced from old rocks), two directions (vertical and lateral) of expulsion, and multi-stage accumulation. This model provides a theoretical fundament for future oil and gas exploration in the Tarim Basin and other similar basins in northwestern China.     

Encircling the Peak of World Oil Production

Natural Resources Research - The peak of world oil production, followed by an irreversible decline, will be a watershed in human history. The goal of this paper is to predict the world peak....     

兴隆场构造油气地质及地表化探异常特征

兴隆场构造为一简单而完整的穹隆状背斜 ,在其背斜构造两翼、轴部及扭曲部位发育同期断层。构造油气储层类型以嘉陵江组储层的裂缝型油气藏为主 ,其次有裂隙 -孔隙型、孔隙型和裂缝 -溶蚀孔洞型等。化探异常特征 ,结合构造特征 ,表明兴隆场构造油气富气范围为嘉陵江组一段顶界 - 70 0 m以上的高部位地段     

胜利油区某探区土壤吸附烃组份异常成因属性浅析

通过胜利油区某探区烃类组份的相关性特征、三维荧光特征、甲烷碳同位素特征及烃类组份的某些比值特征等 4项参数的对比分析 ,认为该区土壤吸附烃组份异常的成因主要属热解成因的油田伴生气或凝析气 ,基本可排除地表生物降解成因气、人工污染气、煤成气形成异常的可能性。土壤吸附烃组份异常推断为深部油气藏在地表的响应     

计算生油气量的C—K法

有机碳－干酪根法（简称Ｃ－Ｋ法）,是以油气成因的干酪根热降解动力学理论为核心的计算生油气量的新方法。使用了地质温度计－－镜煤反射率,将有机质及原油的热演化过程划分类一个阶段：Ⅰ－－低成熟阶段;Ⅱ－－高成熟阶段;Ⅲ－－过成熟阶段。以不同的学者的模拟实验为参考,综合分析了含油气区生油气层的沉积相,有机地球化学相条件,确定了不同生油气层有机碳（Ｃ）与原始干酪根（Ｋｏ）（未成熟的干酪根）的比例关系,从而建     

文南油田沙二下亚段沉积相特征及演化规律研究

笔者应用现代沉积学理论和岩心、钻井、测井等资料,研究了文南油田沙二下亚段的沉积特征,认为沙二下亚段为一套干旱气候条件下的季节性涨缩湖泊-三角洲沉积,并从中识别出两种相、3种亚相、8种微相;文南油田沙二下早期湖水较深,为浅湖阶段,随后湖盆开始萎缩,进入滨浅湖阶段,一直持续到第6砂组期;从第5砂组期开始湖盆开始扩张,第4砂组期为湖盆最大扩张期,此后湖盆开始萎缩,一直持续到第1砂组期末。     

阿尔及利亚三叠盆地、韦德迈阿次盆地石油地质特征及油气勘探中应注意的问题

阿尔及利亚在区域上由两大单元组成,北部为撒哈拉阿特拉斯褶皱带,南部为撒哈拉地台。油气田主要分布在撒哈拉地台的三叠盆地和伊利兹盆地。在三叠盆地内已发现50多个油田和37个气田,石油地质储量达23×108t,天然气地质储量达4×1012m3。油气田中以超巨型的哈西迈萨乌德油田和哈西勒迈勒凝析气田最为著名。三叠盆地的烃源岩主要为下志留统Graptolitic组黑色页岩;韦德迈阿次盆地的烃源岩主要为志留系Fegaguria组深灰色—黑色富有机质泥岩。三叠盆地与韦德迈阿次盆地的储盖条件都比较优越,但油藏的埋深较大,且位于沙漠地区,在勘探上应注意“西气东油”的油气分布特征和坚持“立体勘探”的方法。     

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系古地貌、古沟槽模式的修正及其地质意义

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系古沟槽的早期模式是在早期古地貌基础上建立的,它指导了早期对盆地中部的奥陶系油气勘探;但随着油气勘探程度的提高,原模式因南北向主沟槽的展布特征不明而严重制约了气田的东扩勘探。修正后的古沟槽现今模式更符合岩溶古地貌的发育规律,它进一步明确了盆地古地貌中台地和沟槽的展布特征,解决了原先的地势东倾与主沟槽展布方向不协调的矛盾。新的古沟槽模式的应用,论证了地质综合研究与天然气勘探的关系,它可使气田东侧的天然气勘探开发沿预测的区块继续向东延伸。指出一个正确的地质模式,只有结合生产实践,不断修正完善,才能在勘探实践中发挥其指导作用。     

塔里木盆地塔中地区主要构造圈闭形成期分布及成藏意义

通过对塔中地区钻遇奥陶系的60余口井过井地震剖面的精细解释及地震反射截切—上超关系、沉积厚度变化分析,识别出最初形成于晚奥陶世—泥盆纪、石炭纪—早二叠世、早二叠世晚期及中、新生代的四期奥陶系内幕构造圈闭,以及最初形成于石炭纪—早二叠世、早二叠世晚期、晚二叠世、中—晚三叠世及早第三纪末以来的五期石炭系内幕构造圈闭;发现了塔中地区主要构造圈闭的首次形成期呈现由南向北逐渐变晚的总体趋势。构造圈闭形成与成藏配套综合分析表明,该区现今工业性油藏的主要成藏期为二叠纪—早三叠世,而中—晚三叠世及其以后所形成的构造圈闭不利于油藏的形成。认为塔中地区的主力烃源应该来自近邻的满加尔凹陷中—上奥陶统相当于黑土凹组—萨尔干组的层段。