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291.
一株高效褐藻酸降解菌的筛选、鉴定及其发酵条件的优化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以褐藻酸钠为唯一碳源,从腐烂海带中筛选得到褐藻酸钠降解能力较强的菌株H4,经生理生化和16S rDNA序列分析鉴定该菌株属于交替单胞菌属(Alteromonas)。对菌株H4的发酵条件优化研究表明,H4的较优培养基组成为(w/v):褐藻酸钠0.6%、酵母粉0.5%、蛋白胨0.25%、NaCl 3%;较优培养条件为:培养温度28℃,初始pH7.5,接种量1.5%(v/v),培养时间48 h。Fe3+对交替单胞菌H4的产酶有明显的促进作用,这在其他褐藻酸裂解酶生产菌株中未见报道,而Cu2+对褐藻酸裂解酶的抑制作用高达45.78%。在优化后的培养条件下,粗酶液酶活达到146.45 U/mL,较优化前提高了39.4%。 相似文献
292.
Stige LC Ottersen G Hjermann DØ Dalpadado P Jensen LK Stenseth NC 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(2):395-398
Two factors determine whether pollution is likely to affect a population indirectly through loss of prey: firstly, the sensitivity of the prey to the pollutants, and secondly, the sensitivity of the predator population to loss of prey at the given life stage. We here apply a statistical recruitment model for Northeast Arctic cod to evaluate the sensitivity of cod cohorts to loss of zooplankton prey, for example following an oil spill. The calculations show that cod cohorts are highly sensitive to possible zooplankton biomass reductions in the distribution area of the cod larvae, and point to a need for more knowledge about oil-effects on zooplankton. Our study illustrates how knowledge about population dynamics may guide which indirect effects to consider in environmental impact studies. 相似文献
293.
A large-scale field experiment took place in the marginal ice zone in the Barents Sea in May 2009. Fresh oil (7000 L) was released uncontained between the ice floes to study oil weathering and spreading in ice and surface water. A detailed monitoring of oil-in-water and ice interactions was performed throughout the six-day experiment. In addition, meteorological and oceanographic data were recorded for monitoring of the wind speed and direction, air temperature, currents and ice floe movements. The monitoring showed low concentrations of dissolved hydrocarbons and the predicted acute toxicity indicated that the acute toxicity was low. The ice field drifted nearly 80 km during the experimental period, and although the oil drifted with the ice, it remained contained between the ice floes. 相似文献
294.
Biomarker responses in pelagic and benthic fish over 1 year following the Hebei Spirit oil spill (Taean, Korea) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jung JH Kim M Yim UH Ha SY An JG Won JH Han GM Kim NS Addison RF Shim WJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(8):1859-1866
After the Hebei Spirit oil spill incident (7th December, 2007) in the west coast of Korea, contamination of biliary PAH metabolite and hepatic biomarkers in a pelagic and a benthic fish was monitored for 1 year. Concentrations of 16 PAHs and alkylated PAHs in fish muscle were highest (22.0 ng/g d.w. for 16 PAHs and 284 ng/g d.w. for alkylated PAHs) at 5 days after the spill and then decreased rapidly to background levels at 11 months after the spill. Fish from the oiled site had elevated biliary PAH metabolite concentrations immediately after the spill; these declined steadily in both species, but were still above reference site concentrations 2 months after the spill. Oiled-site fish showed hepatic CYP 1A induction whose trend closely followed those of biliary PAH metabolite concentrations, implying continuous exposure to PAHs. Brain acetylcholinesterase activity was not related to oil exposure. 相似文献
295.
Chemical characterization of naturally weathered oil residues in the sediment from Yellow River Delta, China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
With its close proximity to Shengli Oilfield, China’s second largest oilfield, the Yellow River Delta is at high risk for crude oil contamination. The massive oil discharge in oilfield may offer a chance for a natural experiment to investigate compositional changes of oil residues and study the stability of source- and weathering-dependent molecular parameters in oil residues after spills. The results demonstrate that the conventional diagnostic ratios, such as C2920S/(20S + 20R), C29/C30H, C30βα/αβ, C3122S/(22S + 22R), C2-DBTs/C2-PHENs, C3-DBTs/C3-PHENs, DBT/MCHRY, CHRY/PHENs, are also valid for oil source identification even after extensive weathering of spilled oils in terrestrial environment, although some exceptions were encountered for extensively weathered sample. Moreover, the ratios of selected specific biomarkers (the oleanane index, the gammacerane index) have been developed and assessed as source indicators. Finally, we find that some maturity parameters based on alkyl naphthalenes and methyl phenanthrenes in petroleum geochemistry, such as the methylnaphthalene ratios (TMNr, TeMNr, PMNr), the methylphenanthrene ratios (MPI-1, MPDF), can be applied for the source identification and correlation at their lightly to moderately weathered stage. 相似文献
296.
While much work has been done in investigating determinants of oil spillage attributed to vessel accidents, little research has been conducted on the effectiveness of ship hull design in reducing marine pollution. This paper addresses whether the double-hull requirement reduces vessel-accident oil spillage. The volume of oil spillage due to oil-cargo vessel accidents was investigated using tobit regressions and an empirical data set of individual vessel accident pollution incidents investigated by the US Coast Guard from 2001 to 2008. The results indicate that the double hull design on average reduces the size of oil spills by 20% and 62% in tank barge and tanker ship accidents, respectively. 相似文献
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综合应用测井资料和铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X-衍射、粒度分析等资料,对志丹油田永宁探区长6储层的特低渗透成因和主控因素进行了分析。结果表明:研究区长6储层特低渗透成因主要受沉积作用和成岩作用的双重影响,主要表现为沉积微相对储层物性的影响较大,水下分流河道砂层的物性好于河口坝沉积砂体,河口坝沉积砂体的物性好于分流间湾砂体沉积;成岩压实作用和胶结作用使得储层物性变差,成岩溶蚀及蚀变作用和成岩缝的产生对储层的特低渗物性的改善有积极作用。 相似文献