Natural Gas Resource in Jurassic,Y Faulted Subbasin of Songliao Basin

IntroductionY faulted depression is a secondary depressionlocated in the northwest of the Southeast UPlift,Songliao basin. It crosses four secondary structuralbelt, such as Qingshankou anticline belts, Binxian Wangfu Depression, Changchunling anticline be…     

CO2的地质埋存与资源化利用进展

把CO2注入油气藏、煤层提高油气采收率的方法(CO2-EOR、CO2-EGR、CO2-ECBM),因其在提高石油、天然气和煤层气采收率的同时,又能使一部分CO2永久地埋存于地下,实现油气增产和CO2减排的双赢效果,而成为当今CO2减排最具潜力的现实选择.CO2-EOR(Enhanced Oil Recovery)方法适用于油田开发晚期,通过把CO2注入到比较稳定的油藏,一般可提高油藏采收率达10%～15%;另外把CO2注入到气田中,实施CO2-EGR(Enhanced Gas Recovery).一方面,接近枯竭的气田在没有地层水入侵之前具有巨大的埋存能力,为CO2提供巨大的埋存空间;另一方面注入CO2后,使地层重新增压保持储层中原始的压力,可以保持储层的完整性和安全性.同时,原有的油气圈闭可作为良好的埋存箱能有效地阻止CO2泄漏,使部分CO2能永久地埋存于地下.此外,也可以把CO2注入到煤层中,实施CO2-ECBM(Enhanced Coalbed Methane Recovery),利用煤层对CO2和煤层气(主要为甲烷)吸附能力的差异,实现CO2排替CH4,提高CH4的采收率.     

低渗透储层成岩作用定量表征与成岩储集相——以吉林新立油田泉头组三、四段为例

作者采用铸体薄片、阴极发光、扫描电镜等手段,统计了新立油田泉头组三、四段储层的视压实率和视胶结率,对成岩作用强度进行了定量表征。引入了成岩系数和成岩储集相的概念,并按照成岩系数大小,将储层划分为4种成岩储集相,即强溶蚀次生孔隙成岩储集相(A相),中等压实-弱、中胶结混合孔隙成岩储集相(B相),强压实-弱、中胶结混合孔隙成岩储集相(C相)和碳酸盐强胶结成岩储集相(D相)。其中以A相最有利于油气聚集,B相次之,C相较差,D相最差。分析了各类成岩储集相特征和演化,认为晚成岩A亚期的酸性水溶蚀作用形成次生孔隙是改善储层物性的关键因素。     

Petroleum potential of Baikal deposits

We analyzed oils, gases, and bitumens of bottom sediments from natural shows on the southeastern shore of Lake Baikal, in the mouth of the Stvolovaya River near Capes Tolstyi and Gorevoi Utes. Based on a set of geological data, we have established that: (1) the lake oils underwent biodegradation to a variable degree: “Fresh” nondegraded paraffin oil floats up near Cape Gorevoi Utes; in the mouth of the Stvolovaya River and near Cape Tolstyi, aromatic-naphthene oil lacks n-alkanes, monomethyl alkanes, and acyclic isoprenoids; (2) Cenozoic oil originated from the organic matter of fresh-water basins with significant amounts of higher land plant remains, including angiosperm plants (oleanane), which suggests the lake or delta genesis of oil source formations of Cretaceous and younger ages. Judging from the carbon isotope composition (average δ¹³C = −43.84‰), methane from the bottom sediments near Cape Gorevoi Utes is catagenetic. The initial in-place resources in the Baikal sedimentary basins are estimated by the volumetric-statistical method at 500 mln tons of equivalent hydrocarbons.     

羌塘盆地胜利河海相油页岩地球化学特征及Re-Os定年

地球化学资料表明,羌塘盆地胜利河海相油页岩有机碳含量为15.05%～20.34%,平均为17.695%,灰分含量为55.23%,焦油含量为11.0%;干酪根类型为Ⅱ1或Ⅱ2型。利用Re-Os同位素对该油页岩层进行定年,得到的等时线年龄为101±24Ma。该等时线年龄比生物地层所获得的地层年龄年轻。     

核磁共振成像技术定量分析粘土矿物对油气二次运移过程的影响

本文利用核磁共振成像技术定量分析油气运移含油饱和度变化,首次获得了玻璃珠孔隙介质中粘土矿物（伊利石）含量变化时油饱和度变化的规律,通过对实验数据的总结,得到以下结论：①油气运移通道具有不均一性,但随着粘土含量的增加,油气运移通道上残余油饱和度增加,初始部分（指实验中油未发生运移时油占据的部分）残余油的含油饱和度亦增加;②由于初始部分残余油饱和度和运移通道上的残余油饱和度都变大。因此,粘土矿物的存在,使得残余油饱和度增加,最终降低了油气聚集的效率,不利于油气运移聚集。     

Is there a significant diffusive “salt-pump mechanism” for the transport of organic contaminants from the marine environment into fresh water aquifers? A discussion contribution

We analyse recent claims of an additional risk of diffusive intrusion by marine organic contamination (OC) into coastal aquifers, and discuss the activity-driven “salt-pump mechanism” which is claimed to accelerate this diffusion. The reported accelerations of transport of OC out of saltwater are far too large to be due to activity effects on simple diffusion. There probably is a small acceleration of diffusion out of saltwater, but there is no direct experimental evidence for this. Possible experimental artefacts are suggested. Larger effects on diffusion in the literature are shown to be not relevant to this problem. Diffusion of suspended OC, present in the experiments, is too slow to be significant; however, this suspended material is shown to have serious implications for the proposed interpretation of the results. Until these results are better understood, no conclusions about any possible environmental implications can be drawn from them.

Quantitative estimate of residual or palaeo-oil column height

A method to quantitatively estimate residual or palaeo-oil column heights is proposed using criteria based on the presence or absence of oil shows in a single heterogeneous reservoir rock sample. The residual or palaeo-oil column height below the sample is constrained through the determination of the displacement pressure of regions in the sample containing oil shows (P_d-o) and the displacement pressure for regions that are devoid of any evidence of oil shows (P_d-w). The height of the residual or palaeo-oil column below the sampling depth can then be estimated to be greater than the equivalent height corresponding to P_d-o, but less than the height corresponding to P_d-w. Three examples from two basins in China were investigated using the method to determine their residual and palaeo-oil column heights.     

Fluid flow record from fracture-fill calcite in the Eocene limestones from the South-Pyrenean Basin (NE Spain) and its relationship to oil shows

The presence of oil shows associated with fractures provides a significant opportunity to a) unravel the type, origin and evolution of fluids involved in fracture-fills, and b) examine how they relate to oil migration. Two stages of calcite cement (C1 and C2) were distinguished in the fractures of the Eocene Armàncies platform carbonates; C1 is characterised by fence-like crystals, exhibits dull red luminescence and contains abundant twin planes, inclusions and δ¹⁸O values that range from − 6.2‰ to − 4.8‰ VPDB. C2 consists of blocky clean crystals, is characterized by dark brown-red luminescence that alternates with yellow bands, and contains hydrocarbon fluid inclusions with homogenisation temperatures of approximately 120 °C. δ¹⁸O values range from − 9.6‰ to − 8.9‰ VPDB. The remaining porosity after C2 precipitation is filled with liquid oil that reached 115 °C. This would seem to indicate that free oil and fluid inclusions oil probably come from the same migration pulse. Oil migration timing was coeval with C2 and continued after calcite cementation was completed.     

Comparison of benthic invertebrate assemblages at Spartina alterniflora marshes reestablished after an oil spill and existing marshes in the Arthur Kill (NY/NJ)

In January 1990, an oil spill damaged salt marshes along the banks of the Arthur Kill (New York and New Jersey, USA). In the years following the spill, Spartina alterniflora seedlings were planted at a number of the oil damaged sites and successfully reestablished at these sites. In 1996, the National Marine Fisheries Service began a study to compare the benthic invertebrate assemblages at the reestablished S. alterniflora marshes to those at nearby existing marshes in the Arthur Kill. Oligochaetes, nematodes, and the small tube-building polychaete, Manayunkia aestuarina were the dominant taxa in the study. Significant differences were found in the abundances of all invertebrate individuals, oligochaetes, and nematodes between the September and May sampling times but not between reestablished and existing marshes. Although benthic invertebrate community structure was similar at reestablished and existing marshes three to four years after planting, the functional similarity of these marshes was not assessed in this study.