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421.
海洋岩土参数作为海上风机基础设计的重要部分,其参数评价直接影响风机安全运行及工程造价。孔压静力触探试验(CPTU)作为目前海洋岩土工程使用最广泛的原位测试手段之一,其缺点是无法直接测得土体参数,需通过解译过程获取黏土强度,如何选取准确的黏土强度的CPTU解译参数,是亟待解决的难题。本文依托广东某海上风电工程项目,开展了原位CPTU和便携式十字板剪切、袖珍贯入仪、室内微型十字板剪切、三轴UU、固结快剪、三轴CU 6种强度试验,通过线性回归得到了广东海域的黏土强度剖面,并发现60 m以下黏土的扰动较为严重,采用固结快剪和三轴CU试验可降低扰动影响;以不同强度试验结果为基准值,得到了黏土强度CPTU解译参数Nkt的平均值,采用标定得到的Nkt参数对黏土强度进行解译发现,其结果与线性回归得到的黏土强度剖面吻合较好,建议采用Nkt=21.68作为强度下限值解译参数,采用Nkt=15.75~17.83作为最优强度(中值)解译参数,采用Nkt=13.63作为强度上限值解译参数。采用竖向有效应力将黏土强度进行无量纲化后,得到了广东海域正常固结黏土无量纲化强度su/σ' v0=0.298,通过CPTU对超固结比OCR进行解译后,结合SHANSEP法得到的黏土强度结果与室内试验吻合较好,可在今后的海上风电项目中作为解译方法进行推广应用。 相似文献
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423.
Alam UZ 《The Geographical journal》2002,168(4):341-353
The water wars rationale predicts that countries will wage war to safeguard their access to water resources, especially if there is water scarcity, competitive use and the countries are enemies due to a wider conflict. Following this argument, India and Pakistan should have fought a war over the Indus basin instead of negotiating the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty. In explaining this Indo–Pakistan cooperation which is specifically over water, the critical feature that emerges is that through cooperation the countries were able to safeguard their long–term water supply. In other words, cooperation is water rational. Using the Indus basin experience, the underlying logic of the water wars rationale is questioned, in particular, the use of public statements by key decisionmakers as evidence of future water wars and is shown to be wanting. 相似文献
424.
STRUCTURAL AND THERMAL EVOLUTION OF THE SOUTH ASIAN CONTINENTAL MARGIN ALONG THE KARAKORAM AND HINDU KUSH RANGES,NORTH PAKISTAN 相似文献
425.
The response of bucket foundations on sand subjected to planar monotonic and cyclic loading is investigated in the paper. Thirteen monotonic and cyclic laboratory tests on a skirted footing model having a 0.3 m diameter and embedment ratio equal to 1 are presented. The loading regime reproduces the typical conditions of offshore wind turbines: very large cyclic overturning moment, large cyclic horizontal load and comparatively little, self-weight induced, vertical load. The experimental soil-foundation response is interpreted within the macro-element approach, using an existing analytical model, suitably modified to accommodate the footing embedment and the application of cyclic load. Details of the proposed model are provided together with evidences of its ability to reproduce the essential features of the experimentally observed behaviour. The results of the study aim at increasing the confidence in the use of the macro-element approach to predict the response of bucket foundations for offshore wind turbines, notably as the long-term accumulated displacements are concerned. 相似文献
426.
Huidong Li Bj?rn Claremar Lichuan Wu Christoffer Hallgren Heiner K?rnich Stefan Ivanell Erik Sahlée 《地学前缘(英文版)》2021,12(6):209-222
Accurate wind modeling is important for wind resources assessment and wind power forecasting.To improve the WRF model configuration for the offshore wind modeling over the Baltic Sea,this study per-formed a sensitivity study of the WRF model to multiple model configurations,including domain setup,grid resolution,sea surface temperature,land surface data,and atmosphere-wave coupling.The simu-lated offshore wind was evaluated against LiDAR observations under different wind directions,atmo-spheric stabilities,and sea status.Generally,the simulated wind profiles matched observations,despite systematic underestimations.Strengthening the forcing from the reanalysis data through reducing the number of nested domains played the largest role in improving wind modeling.Atmosphere-wave cou-pling further improved the simulated wind,especially under the growing and mature sea conditions.Increasing the vertical resolution,and updating the sea surface temperature and the land surface infor-mation only had a slight impact,mainly visible during very stable conditions.Increasing the horizontal resolution also only had a slight impact,most visible during unstable conditions.Our study can help to improve the wind resources assessment and wind power forecasting over the Baltic Sea. 相似文献
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Kaolin deposits of the Swat District in Pakistan are indicated to have derived by hydrothermal alteration of more feldspathic parts of felsic intrusives, which occur enclosed in orthoamphibolites and orthogneisses of the Cretaceous Kohistan Island Arc terrane. These latter “country rocks” formed under epidote–amphibolite conditions that prograde northwards to amphibolite facies, and locally manifest slight metamorphic differentiation. The felsic intrusives exhibit a general decrease in siliceous character from west to east, but are less siliceous than most hosts of world kaolins. They are composed of chemically allied quartz diorite, tonalite, trondhjemite and pegmatoids, which evolved mainly by an orthomagmatic crystal fractionation. These parental rocks are calc-alkaline in nature, and kaolinization has proceeded in Ca-richer environment. This is in variance with the occurrence of most known kaolin deposits over potassic granites or rhyolites. Ca-metasomatism of the “host rocks” is in evidence. Kaolin formation by a supergene process is not displayed.The raw kaolin with contained unaltered plagioclase is characterized by a rather low silica (46.54–50.93%) and potash (<1%), and high alumina (23.54–26.77%), Fe2O3 (1.73–5.45%) and lime (8.13–16.93%) content. Kaolinization proceeded with a decrease in SiO2 and concomitant increase in Al2O3. The same trend is followed with fineness of grain size of washed fractions, in resemblance to other known kaolin deposits of primary as well as secondary origin. 相似文献
430.
Probability models for offshore structural response due to Morison wave loading Part I: Drag-only response 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Offshore structures are exposed to random wave loading in the ocean environment and hence the probability distribution of their response to wave loading is a minimum requirement for efficient probabilistic analysis of these structures. Due to nonlinearity of Morison wave loading and also due to intermittency of wave loading on members in the splash zone, the response is often non-Gaussian. Analysis of simulated data has, however, shown that neither of the two probability models proposed in the literature can accurately predict the tails of the response distribution. New probability models are therefore required to overcome this deficiency. This paper is composed of two parts: Part I is devoted to the development and validation of a new probability model for drag-only responses (i.e. responses due to the drag component of Morison wave loading), while Part II is devoted to the development and validation of new probability models for both inertia-only and total responses. 相似文献