基于CPTU的广东海域黏土工程特性评价

海洋岩土参数作为海上风机基础设计的重要部分,其参数评价直接影响风机安全运行及工程造价。孔压静力触探试验（CPTU）作为目前海洋岩土工程使用最广泛的原位测试手段之一,其缺点是无法直接测得土体参数,需通过解译过程获取黏土强度,如何选取准确的黏土强度的CPTU解译参数,是亟待解决的难题。本文依托广东某海上风电工程项目,开展了原位CPTU和便携式十字板剪切、袖珍贯入仪、室内微型十字板剪切、三轴UU、固结快剪、三轴CU 6种强度试验,通过线性回归得到了广东海域的黏土强度剖面,并发现60 m以下黏土的扰动较为严重,采用固结快剪和三轴CU试验可降低扰动影响;以不同强度试验结果为基准值,得到了黏土强度CPTU解译参数N_kt的平均值,采用标定得到的N_kt参数对黏土强度进行解译发现,其结果与线性回归得到的黏土强度剖面吻合较好,建议采用N_kt=21.68作为强度下限值解译参数,采用N_kt=15.75～17.83作为最优强度（中值）解译参数,采用N_kt=13.63作为强度上限值解译参数。采用竖向有效应力将黏土强度进行无量纲化后,得到了广东海域正常固结黏土无量纲化强度s_u/σ' _v0=0.298,通过CPTU对超固结比OCR进行解译后,结合SHANSEP法得到的黏土强度结果与室内试验吻合较好,可在今后的海上风电项目中作为解译方法进行推广应用。     

近海固定平台碰撞的准静态分析

本文采用增量有限元方法结合极限分析的概念，研究近海固定平台碰撞的静力强度。文中综合考虑了平台结构在碰撞加载过程中的大变形和塑性变形特性，建立了以广义应力表达的圆管截面的屈服条件，采用塑性节点法（ＰＮＭ）推导得到了单元的弹塑性矩阵。文中也考虑了梁柱单元的屈曲情况。本文所采用的载荷增量法结合牛顿—拉夫逊迭代，可跟踪加载过程中平台结构上塑性铰的出现，并最终获得平台结构的极限承载能力。     

Questioning the water wars rationale: a case study of the Indus Waters Treaty

The water wars rationale predicts that countries will wage war to safeguard their access to water resources, especially if there is water scarcity, competitive use and the countries are enemies due to a wider conflict. Following this argument, India and Pakistan should have fought a war over the Indus basin instead of negotiating the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty. In explaining this Indo–Pakistan cooperation which is specifically over water, the critical feature that emerges is that through cooperation the countries were able to safeguard their long–term water supply. In other words, cooperation is water rational. Using the Indus basin experience, the underlying logic of the water wars rationale is questioned, in particular, the use of public statements by key decisionmakers as evidence of future water wars and is shown to be wanting.     

STRUCTURAL AND THERMAL EVOLUTION OF THE SOUTH ASIAN CONTINENTAL MARGIN ALONG THE KARAKORAM AND HINDU KUSH RANGES,NORTH PAKISTAN

STRUCTURAL AND THERMAL EVOLUTION OF THE SOUTH ASIAN CONTINENTAL MARGIN ALONG THE KARAKORAM AND HINDU KUSH RANGES,NORTH PAKISTAN     

Modelling the drained response of bucket foundations for offshore wind turbines under general monotonic and cyclic loading

The response of bucket foundations on sand subjected to planar monotonic and cyclic loading is investigated in the paper. Thirteen monotonic and cyclic laboratory tests on a skirted footing model having a 0.3 m diameter and embedment ratio equal to 1 are presented. The loading regime reproduces the typical conditions of offshore wind turbines: very large cyclic overturning moment, large cyclic horizontal load and comparatively little, self-weight induced, vertical load. The experimental soil-foundation response is interpreted within the macro-element approach, using an existing analytical model, suitably modified to accommodate the footing embedment and the application of cyclic load. Details of the proposed model are provided together with evidences of its ability to reproduce the essential features of the experimentally observed behaviour. The results of the study aim at increasing the confidence in the use of the macro-element approach to predict the response of bucket foundations for offshore wind turbines, notably as the long-term accumulated displacements are concerned.     

A sensitivity study of the WRF model in offshore wind modeling over the Baltic Sea

Accurate wind modeling is important for wind resources assessment and wind power forecasting.To improve the WRF model configuration for the offshore wind modeling over the Baltic Sea,this study per-formed a sensitivity study of the WRF model to multiple model configurations,including domain setup,grid resolution,sea surface temperature,land surface data,and atmosphere-wave coupling.The simu-lated offshore wind was evaluated against LiDAR observations under different wind directions,atmo-spheric stabilities,and sea status.Generally,the simulated wind profiles matched observations,despite systematic underestimations.Strengthening the forcing from the reanalysis data through reducing the number of nested domains played the largest role in improving wind modeling.Atmosphere-wave cou-pling further improved the simulated wind,especially under the growing and mature sea conditions.Increasing the vertical resolution,and updating the sea surface temperature and the land surface infor-mation only had a slight impact,mainly visible during very stable conditions.Increasing the horizontal resolution also only had a slight impact,most visible during unstable conditions.Our study can help to improve the wind resources assessment and wind power forecasting over the Baltic Sea.     

海上船载式移动钻探平台创新及应用

为加快我国近海工程地质勘探质量与国际标准接轨,降低勘探成本,参与海外市场竞争,开展了海（水）上船载式钻探平台创新设计及工程应用工作。介绍了一种拥有我国完全自主知识产权,并具有国际竞争力,集单侧悬臂式勘探系统、潮间带钻探、海上原位试验为一体的成套技术。整套系统革新了近海工程地质现有勘察技术,形成了一套适应于滩地、湖泊、河流、海（水）上区域勘探与原位测试技术,且勘探质量达到了国际标准。这对我国企业突破欧美核心技术垄断,跨出国门分享海外勘探市场份额具有现实意义。     

Geochemistry of the kaolin deposits of Swat (Pakistan)

Kaolin deposits of the Swat District in Pakistan are indicated to have derived by hydrothermal alteration of more feldspathic parts of felsic intrusives, which occur enclosed in orthoamphibolites and orthogneisses of the Cretaceous Kohistan Island Arc terrane. These latter “country rocks” formed under epidote–amphibolite conditions that prograde northwards to amphibolite facies, and locally manifest slight metamorphic differentiation. The felsic intrusives exhibit a general decrease in siliceous character from west to east, but are less siliceous than most hosts of world kaolins. They are composed of chemically allied quartz diorite, tonalite, trondhjemite and pegmatoids, which evolved mainly by an orthomagmatic crystal fractionation. These parental rocks are calc-alkaline in nature, and kaolinization has proceeded in Ca-richer environment. This is in variance with the occurrence of most known kaolin deposits over potassic granites or rhyolites. Ca-metasomatism of the “host rocks” is in evidence. Kaolin formation by a supergene process is not displayed.The raw kaolin with contained unaltered plagioclase is characterized by a rather low silica (46.54–50.93%) and potash (<1%), and high alumina (23.54–26.77%), Fe₂O₃ (1.73–5.45%) and lime (8.13–16.93%) content. Kaolinization proceeded with a decrease in SiO₂ and concomitant increase in Al₂O₃. The same trend is followed with fineness of grain size of washed fractions, in resemblance to other known kaolin deposits of primary as well as secondary origin.     

Probability models for offshore structural response due to Morison wave loading Part I: Drag-only response

Offshore structures are exposed to random wave loading in the ocean environment and hence the probability distribution of their response to wave loading is a minimum requirement for efficient probabilistic analysis of these structures. Due to nonlinearity of Morison wave loading and also due to intermittency of wave loading on members in the splash zone, the response is often non-Gaussian. Analysis of simulated data has, however, shown that neither of the two probability models proposed in the literature can accurately predict the tails of the response distribution. New probability models are therefore required to overcome this deficiency. This paper is composed of two parts: Part I is devoted to the development and validation of a new probability model for drag-only responses (i.e. responses due to the drag component of Morison wave loading), while Part II is devoted to the development and validation of new probability models for both inertia-only and total responses.