六盘山东麓断裂的古地震研究

野外详细调查和探开挖揭示,在六盘山东麓断裂的孙家庄－海子峡地段自距今４．６万年以来存在有６次古地震位借事件的地质形迷,它们分别发生在距今３５２５０,２０２５０,１４７５０,１２１５０,８５５０和４０００年前,各次事件的重复间隔依次是１５０００,５５００,２６００,３６００和４５５０年。按Ｍ－Ｄ经验关系,事件１,２约相当于８级地震的位错,其余各次事件约相当６．５－７．５级地震的位错。     

Carbon capture and storage policy in the United States: A new coalition endeavors to change existing policy

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is considered by some to be a promising technology to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and advocates are seeking policies to facilitate its deployment. Unlike many countries, which approach the development of policies for geologic storage (GS) of carbon dioxide (CO₂) with nearly a blank slate, the U.S. already has a mature policy regime devoted to the injection of CO₂ into deep geologic formations. However, the existing governance of CO₂ injection is designed to manage enhanced oil recovery (EOR), and policy changes would be needed to manage the risks and benefits of CO₂ injection for the purpose of avoiding GHG emissions. We review GS policy developments at both the U.S. federal and state levels, including original research on state GS policy development. By applying advocacy coalition framework theory, we identify two competing coalitions defined by their beliefs about the primary purpose of CO₂ injection: energy supply or greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions. The established energy coalition is the beneficiary of the current policy regime. Their vision of GS policy is protective: to minimize harm to fossil energy industries if climate policy were to be enacted. In contrast, the newly formed climate coalition seeks to change existing GS policy to support their proactive vision: to maximize GHG reductions using CCS when climate policy is enacted. We explore where and at what scale legislation emerges and examine which institutions gain prominence as drivers of policy change. Through a detailed textual analysis of the content of state GS legislation, we find that the energy coalition has had greater success than the climate coalition in shaping state laws to align with its policy preferences. It has enshrined its view of the purpose of CO₂ injection in state legislation, delegated authority for GS to state agencies aligned with the existing policy regime, and protected the EOR status quo, while creating new opportunities for EOR operators to profit from the storage of CO₂ The climate coalition's objective of proactively putting GS policy in place has been furthered, and important progress has been made on commonly held concerns, such as the resolution of property rights issues, but the net result is policy change that does not significantly revise the existing policy regime.     

地理国情野外调绘核查系统设计与实现

地理国情野外调绘核查系统是地理国情监测生产技术体系的重要组成部分。地理国情野外调绘、核查、样本采集等工作的独特性,使用户对野外调绘核查系统产品的轻便实用、高效易用、成本低廉等方面有着强烈要求。该文介绍了作者对该类产品研发的设计思考,给出了一套野外信息快速采集和数据实时入库的产品解决方案。在多个省市的应用实践表明,该产品非常适用于各地地理国情野外调绘核查工作。     

阜新排山楼金矿金的赋存状态

排山楼金矿赋存在蚀变糜棱岩带内,金矿化发生在三类矿石中。矿石组成成分相对简单,有用矿物为自然金和银金矿,金矿物具有成色高、粒度细的特点。其赋存形式有三种,即晶隙金、裂隙金和包体金。晶隙金兼有单体和群体两种,单体金多属中粒金和细粒金。呈不规则粒状,群体金由几粒至几十粒构成,其粒度相对偏小,在群体金附近均有黄铁矿产出。裂隙金主要以长条状、角粒状充填在黄铁矿的裂隙中,包体金则作为黄铁矿、次为黄铜矿的包体金。本矿床金矿石的金矿物以晶隙金、裂隙金为主,包体金次之,这种存在形式的金矿物对于金矿的选冶是有利的。     

Driving factors for forest fire occurrence in Durango State of Mexico: A geospatial perspective

Forest fire is one of the major causes of forest loss and therefore one of the main constraints for sustainable forest management worldwide. Identifying the driving factors and understanding the contribution of each factor are essential for the management of forest fire occurrence. The objective of this study is to identify variables that are spatially related to the occurrence and incidence of the forest fire in the State of Durango, Mexico. For this purpose, data from forest fire records for a five-year period were analyzed. The spatial correlations between forest fire occurrence and intensity of land use, susceptibility of vegetation, temperature, precipitation and slope were tested by Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) method, under an Ordinary Least Square estimator. Results show that the spatial pattern of the forest fire in the study area is closely correlated with the intensity of land use, and land use change is one of the main explanatory variables. In addition, vegetation type and precipitation are also the main driving factors. The fitting model indicates obvious link between the variables. Forest fire was found to be the consequence of a particular combination of the environmental factors, and when these factors coexist with human activities, there is high probability of forest fire occurrence. Mandatory regulation of human activities is a key strategy for forest fire prevention.     

用向量法求矿脉产状

对板状似板状的矿脉,依据控制顶板（或底板）三个点的坐标,求出其所在平面的方程,该平面与水平的交线和Ｘ轴夹角即矿脉走向,平面与水平的夹角即为矿脉倾角,文末给出实例及计算程序。     

长江中下游成矿带城门山斑岩-矽卡岩型铜金矿床碲元素赋存状态及沉淀机制初步研究

碲是一种重要的战略性关键金属,主要以共伴生形式产出多个类型矿床中,斑岩-矽卡岩型矿床是碲资源重要的来源之一。城门山铜金矿床是长江中下游成矿带中一典型斑岩-矽卡岩型矿床,也是该区目前已报道的最大的共伴生碲矿床,然而碲在该矿床的赋存状态、碲的沉淀机制等尚不清楚。本文在详细划分成矿阶段基础上,对该矿床不同类型矿石中的矿物开展电子探针测试、LA-ICP-MS微量元素分析以及面扫描研究工作。测试结果表明碲元素主要以碲银矿、碲铋银矿等碲化物和辉碲铋矿、硫楚碲铋矿、碲黝铜矿等碲的硫化物形式存在,少量呈类质同象赋存在黄铁矿和黄铜矿中。黄铜矿中Te含量在矽卡岩型矿石中变化范围(0.15×10~(-6)～20.50×10~(-6))大于碳酸盐岩交代型矿石(0～3.44×10~(-6))。黄铁矿中Te含量在碳酸盐岩交代型矿石中最高,可达173×10~(-6);黄铁矿mapping显示在同一颗矿物中Te含量分布也不均匀。通过300℃logf_(Te_2)-logf_(S_2)相图分析,硫逸度介于-6.8～-11.4,碲逸度介于-7.8～-14.8;自花岗闪长斑岩向碳酸盐岩地层围岩,从成矿早阶段到晚阶段,硫逸度和温度逐渐降低,碲逸度升高,这是城门山矿床碲矿物沉淀的主要机制。城门山矿床中无论是单颗粒黄铁矿硫同位素还是原位硫同位素均显示岩浆来源特征,结合岩相学碲矿物与黄铁矿等硫化物密切共生,具有成因联系,表明碲的成矿物质来源也应为岩浆来源,与花岗闪长斑岩岩浆热液作用有关。     

塔北隆起二叠纪岩浆岩产状的地震解释及其侵位模式

塔北隆起西部发育大面积岩浆岩,岩浆岩发育产状的研究不仅对岩浆岩油气藏勘探具有重要意义,而且对塔北隆起碳酸盐岩油气藏研究具有重要意义。本文利用钻井和地震资料,提出塔北隆起二叠纪岩浆岩岩性主要为玄武岩、流纹岩、辉绿岩、正长岩、花岗岩和凝灰岩。岩浆岩发育模式与构造作用密切相关,在英买力低凸起北部地区,主要发育一条逆冲断层,地层受构造作用扰动较少,岩浆岩主要为玄武岩,通过近于垂直的通道到达地表; 英买2地区,构造挤压作用在盐上形成大量的构造裂缝,岩浆岩侵入其中,形成辉绿岩侵入体; 哈拉哈塘地区构造变形微弱,岩浆岩通过垂直的火山通道到达地表,在地表形成了一层平行分布的喷发岩; 而在塔北隆起的中部,由于受拉张作用的影响,地壳发育一定的减压熔融,形成中酸性岩浆,岩浆侵位产生了大量的中酸性侵入体和喷出岩。