地震破裂过程的几何学与运动学特征的模拟

本应用形变破裂和激光全息光弹实验，结合断裂力学的观点研究了地震破裂过程的三个方面：１．地震破裂的力学机制；２．地震破裂的应变特征与运动过程；３．地震破裂过程的应力场分布特征。并分析了地震破裂过程的几何学与运动学特征以及探讨了它们与地震发生。前兆和余震迁移的密切关系。此项研究为活动断层分段研究和地震预报提供了实验证据。     

甘肃中部集水观测试验研究

根据甘肃省中部的3年集水观测资料,分析了径流系数与集水面材料、坡度、雨强的关系,并结合甘肃河东地区19个气象站的自记降水资料,估算了平均径流系数及其均方差等,为集水技术在农业上的应用提供科学依据.     

长周期地震观测中的环境干扰

文章根据长周期地震观测的理论和我国763长周期台网的观测实践,分析了长周期观测中的环境干扰。认为长周期观测对环境干扰(主要指温、湿度)敏感,但影响长周期仪器正常工作的关键是潮湿,尤其是记录室的潮湿。文章以763台网优秀台站的观测实践为例,认为只要掌握了环境干扰的规律,在防潮问题上采取有效措施,长周期地震观测是完全可以做到仪器工作稳定,管理得心应手。     

多项地震前兆观测数据的综合参数

根据中强地震前前兆观测资料的异常特征和各种前兆异常可信度的差异,考虑到单项观测数据和多项观测数据的相互联系,提出了用综合参数S描述多项前兆观测数据整体变化。结果表明,与单项前兆观测数据比较,综合参数S有变化平稳、震前异常反应明显等优点,可以作为地震预报实践中识别前兆异常的方法之一。     

层序地层学方法及其在陆相湖盆研究中的应用

针对中国中、新生代陆相湖盆的特征,从沉积盆地的构造和边缘背景对海相层序地层的影响出发,讨论了湖水面相对变化、沉积物供给、气候等对湖相层序地层的控制作用,明确指出两种背景条件具有本质差异,海相层序地层学方法不能简单套用于内陆盆地分析。     

黄土孔隙性分类判别的人工神经网络方法

运用人工神经网络的一典型模型——“反向传播”神经网络,对洛川黄土孔隙性的实测数据进行了分析,建立了洛川黄土孔隙性预测的计算机智能专家系统。结果表明,神经网络方法性能良好,可望成为黄土孔隙性分类、判别的有效辅助手段。     

拉尔玛矿床的自然金研究

本文在总结拉尔玛矿床中自然金及共生矿物一般特点的基础上,对自然金的矿物学和化学组成进行了较系统地研究。提出了决定自然金形成及在矿石、矿物中配分的主要地质因素。     

Study on terrestiral noise in data of geomagnetic total field in North China

The terrestrial noise in the differencial data of geomagnetic total field recorded at 21h in North China was fitted by using the geomagnetic vector data from Beijing Observatory. The terrestrial noise level and its spatial feature in this region was discussed. A method, which may be useful for justifying the quality of fitting, was provided in this paper. The analysis indicates that the terrestrial noise is one of the important noise in tectonomagnetic study. It is shown that the susceptibility effect is quite small and the orientation effect is the main component in the terrestrial noise in North China. The rough spatial feature of the magnetic anomaly in crustal substance was infered from the spatial feature of terrestrial noise. The measurement precision and the source noise level of data at 21h in this region were obtained in the analysis of residual noise. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 441–447, 1993.     

Evaluating the effect of land development on sediment transport using a probability density function

An important problem in sedimentation analysis is the development of a channel section that preserves, as best as possible, the current sedimentation regime even though the flood frequency tendencies have been altered due to land development within the catchment. In order to accomplish this task, a methodology is needed that estimates sediment transport capacity for various channel configurations. Such a procedure is described which allows the computation of the total sediment transport capacity for each of several T-year return frequency runoff hydrographs. This information is used to obtain an approximate probability distribution for the total sediment transport capacity, and the mean and standard deviation of this distribution are computed.Comparing the results for the catchment in its present state with a future developed state, using a selection of new channel parameters, indicates how to improve the channel to control changes in sedimentation due to development. The analysis procedure provides a basis for estimating a new channel configuration such that the new flow conditions retain, as best as possible, the existing condition sedimentation effects, and hence retain the natural sediment supply and transport trends even though runoff flow rates have changed due to land development within the catchment.The results of Wilson Creek are typical of the several sites examined, see Table 3 below. The T=2, T=5, T=25, and T=100 year values for total sediment transport capacity, in kilotons, are 6.9, 39.4, 61.3, and 96.7 with a mean of 17.1 and standard deviation of 19.3. After development with no change in the channel the respective values increase to: 17.9, 84.6, 128.1, and 258.0 with a mean of 39.1 and standard deviation of 44.3. A new channel can be constructed which will reduce these sediment transport capacity values, after development, to 5.2, 41.0, 62.0, and 124.8 with a mean of 17.4 and standard deviation of 22.0.     

基于NWC甚低频信号的日出效应的观测与分析

频率在3~30 kHz的甚低频（VLF,Very Low Frequency）波具有较小的传播损耗和较高的趋肤深度,可以在地球-低电离层波导中实现长距离传输,广泛应用于航海导航、对潜通信等领域,且在电离层遥测方面具有十分重要的意义.基于武汉大学自主研发的VLF接收机在武汉接收的NWC（North West Cape）台站信号,本文通过分析2018年4月23日—2020年7月22日的观测数据研究了日出期间NWC信号的幅度响应及其特点和规律.结果表明NWC信号日出期间的幅度响应主要包括两种极小值结构：2个幅度极小值（SR1、SR2）的Type I结构和3个幅度极小值（SR1、SR2、SR3）的Type II结构.在以SR1出现时间为时间零点进行时序叠加分析后发现,Type I结构比Type II具有更强的规律性和稳定性.在Type I结构下,SR2出现时间的波动范围、平均值、标准差分别为43~65 min、54.2 min、4.4 min,而在Type II结构下,SR2和SR3出现时间的波动范围分别为48~93 min、80~120 min,平均值分别为64.7 min、96.4 min,标准差分别为10.2 min、11.7 min.在27个月的观测期内,3—7月份Type I结构的出现概率100%,未出现Type II结构,而在1—2月和8—12月Type I结构出现的概率明显下降,最低降至1月份的20.7%,而Type II在1月、2月、11月的出现概率均高于70%.按春秋分交替变化（周期1和周期2）的统计结果,在周期1内Type I和Type II结构出现的概率分别为91.5%、8.5%,而在周期2内Type I结构出现的概率降至41.9%,Type II结构出现概率则升至58.1%,这表示观测期间内Type II结构主要出现在秋冬季,春夏季发生概率较低.