弯曲柔性立管举升气液两相流时的流固耦合效应研究

海洋油气混输时,气液两相流与混输立管之间的双向流固耦合作用机理十分复杂.针对柔性立管与气液两相流的流固耦合响应问题,在气液两相循环试验装置中开展了不同流型两相流流动特性及柔性立管振动响应的测试,利用高速摄像非介入测试技术同步捕捉了柔性立管的振动位移与管内的流型演变过程,对比了不同流型气液两相流诱导的立管振动响应特性,通过对比固定和振动立管内的气液两相流动特性,辨析了振动对管内两相流动的影响.结果表明:柔性立管中出现了泡状流、泡状—段塞流、段塞流、段塞—搅拌流和搅拌流五种流型,不同流型的气液两相流诱导立管振动的机理不同,在段塞—搅拌流作用时立管的振动响应最剧烈.与固定立管相比,强烈的振动不同程度地改变了气液两相流的流动特性,振动立管中部分两相流流型转变的临界条件有明显地调整,相对而言,振动对搅拌流和泡状流的影响较小.     

Estimation of shear wave velocity of earth dam materials using artificial blasting test

The objective of this study is to estimate the shear wave velocity of earth dam materials using the vibration generated from artificial blasting events, and to verify its applicability. In this study, near-field artificial blast testing and monitoring were carried out at the Seongdeok dam, Korea, as the first blasting tests to be carried out on an existing dam in Korea. Vibrations were induced by four different types of blasting, using various explosive charge weights and depths of blasting bore-holes. During the tests, acceleration time histories were measured at the rock outcrop adjacent to the point of the explosion, and at the crest of the dam. The fundamental frequency of the target dam was computed from the frequency analysis of measured acceleration histories. Numerical analyses were carried out, varying the shear modulus of the earth fill zone and using the acceleration histories measured at the rock outcrop as input ground motions. From a comparison between the fundamental frequencies calculated by numerical analyses and those of measured records, the shear wave velocities with depth, which are closely related to shear moduli, could be estimated. It is found that the effect of different blasting types on shear wave velocity estimation for the target dam materials is negligible, and that shear wave velocity can be consistently evaluated. Furthermore, by comparing the evaluated shear wave velocity with empirical formulae from previous research, the applicability of the method was verified. Therefore, in cases of mid-to-small earth dams, where the earthquake record is not available, the shear wave velocity of earth fill materials can be reasonably evaluated using blasting vibration records obtained at the site adjacent to the dam.     

Regional study on structural dynamic property of buildings in China

Full‐scale in situ ambient vibration tests have been performed in different regions of China since 2008. Reliable data on 35 buildings in the Sichuan province and 18 buildings in Shanghai have been used for identifying the structural dynamic properties. Every building was tested twice, at time intervals of 1 to 2 years. This paper first describes the statistical analysis results of the measured records and then the time–frequency domain analysis on dynamic responses of a specific monitored building subjected to strong motion. Furthermore, the estimated dynamic characteristics of the buildings are presented. The damping ratio shows a period‐dependent characteristic, and the natural periods of buildings in Sichuan shifted after 2 years. Subsequent discussion on the natural period change phenomenon reveals that the natural period changes are affected by a number of factors, including story number, construction year, loading history, and observation time intervals. The long‐term time effects on concrete, the self‐healing ability of cracked concrete, and the change in soil condition are discussed to explain the natural period wandering. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Nonlinear dynamics of two degree of freedom systems with linear and nonlinear stiffnesses

In this study,a new analytical approach is developed to analyze the free nonlinear vibration of conservative two-degree-of-freedom(TDOF) systems.The mathematical models of these systems are governed by second–order nonlinear partial differential equations.Nonlinear differential equations were transferred into a single equation by using some intermediate variables.The single nonlinear differential equations are solved by using the first order of the Hamiltonian approach(HA).Different parameters,which have a significant impact on the response of the systems,are considered and discussed.Some comparisons are presented to verify the results between the Hamiltonian approach and the exact solution.The maximum relative error is less than 2.2124 % for large amplitudes of vibration.It has been established that the first iteration of the Hamiltonian approach achieves very accurate results,does not require any small perturbations,and can be used for a wide range of nonlinear problems.     

Experimental study of hollow rectangular bridge column performance under vertical and cyclically bilateral loads

To investigate the seismic performance of hollow reinforced concrete(RC) bridge columns of rectangular cross section under constant axial load and cyclically biaxial bending,five specimens were tested.A parametric study is carried out for different axial load ratios,longitudinal reinforcement ratios and lateral reinforcement ratios.The experimental results showed that all tested specimens failed in the flexural failure mode and their ultimate performance was dominated by flexural capacity,which is represented by the rupture/buckling of tensile longitudinal rebars at the bottom of the bridge columns.Biaxial force and displacement hysteresis loops showed significant stiffness and strength degradations,and the pinching effect and coupling interaction effect of both directions severely decrease the structural seismic resistance.However,the measured ductility coefficient varying from 3.5 to 5.7 and the equivalent viscous damping ratio varying from 0.19 and 0.26 can meet the requirements of the seismic design.The hollow RC rectangular bridge columns with configurations of lateral reinforcement in this study have excellent performance under bidirectional earthquake excitations,and may be considered as a substitute for current hollow RC rectangular section configurations described in the Guideline for Seismic Design of Highway Bridges(JTG/T B02-01-2008).The length of the plastic hinge region was found to approach one sixth of the hollow RC rectangular bridge column height for all specimen columns,and it was much less than those specified in the current JTG/T.Thus,the length of the plastic hinge region is more concentrated for RC rectangular hollow bridge columns.     

无砟轨动车组运行激励场地振动谱分析

为研究CRH2动车组在无砟轨道段运行引起的场地加速度振动的频谱特性,本文对我国首条无砟轨道段(渝遂铁路二岩隧道—湾里头隧道段)动车组运行时的场地振动进行了现场实测;对实测竖向振动加速度时程进行1/3倍频谱分析表明:地面竖向振动加速度随着与振源距离的增大而明显衰减,随车速增大场地振动强度增强;应用正交HHT变换,对加速度时程进行了Hilbert谱分析,获得了地面竖向振动加速度的主频为10~120Hz、振动传播高频成分衰减较快等频谱特性;最后,将Hilbert边际谱与傅里叶谱进行了对比分析,得到了两种方法分析振动信号频谱特性表现出的差异性。     

考虑行波效应的车桥系统地震响应分析

借助虚拟激励法,本文研究了非一致水平地震作用下三维车桥耦合时变系统的非平稳随机振动问题。通过轮轨间位移协调关系将列车和桥梁运动方程进行耦合,建立了考虑行波效应的多点地震激励下列车-桥梁时变系统运动方程。水平地震激励假设为均匀调制多点异相位完全相干随机激励;轨道不平顺激励假设为多点异相位完全相干平稳随机激励。采用时变系统的虚拟激励法将这些随机激励分别转化为一系列虚拟的确定性激励,然后通过数值积分求解相应的虚拟响应,进而方便地得到系统随机响应的时变功率谱密度函数和标准差等。数值算例中,通过Monte Carlo法验证了本文随机振动分析方法的正确性和有效性,并讨论了地震波视波速、场地土条件等对系统随机响应的影响。     

体外预应力梁动力特性分析的一种新方法

提出了两个假设:在第1自振频率计算中,体外筋预拉力增量产生的弯矩图等效为梁第1振型的比例图,忽略了体外筋对其他自振频率的效应。这两个假设改进了文献[5]中的体外筋预拉力增量与梁跨中位移成正比的假设。建立了体外预应力梁的动力平衡方程,解得梁的振型和自振频率。与文献[5]中的分析方法相比,由于假设更为合理,计算结果也更准确,与数值解吻合良好。计算结果表明:文献[5]方法低估了体外筋对第1自振频率的效应;随着体外筋面积和偏心距的增加,梁的自振频率也随之增加。     

Tri-directional shaking table tests of vibration sensitive equipment with static dynamics interchangeable-ball pendulum system

<正>Recently,the high-tech industry has become a key industry for economic development in many countries. However,vibration sensitive equipment located in these industrial buildings is vulnerable during earthquakes,which may cause huge economic loss.In this study,an innovative isolator for safeguarding the vibration sensitive equipment,namely, the static dynamics interchangeable-ball pendulum system(SDI-BPS) is proposed and investigated to examine its protective capability for the vibration sensitive equipment during earthquakes through a series of tri-directional shaking table tests.The experimental results illustrate that the SDI-BPS isolator can provide significant damping to rolling types of base isolation systems for reducing the bearing displacement and size,and avoid the stress concentration,which can cause damage or scratches on the rolling surface of the isolator,to prolong its life span of service.The SDI-BPS isolator also provides excellent capability in protecting the vibration sensitive equipment and exhibits a stable behavior under long terms of service loadings and earthquakes.