GPS多路径效应影响与结构振动的小波滤波筛分研究

当应用GPS技术进行大型工程结构监测时，由于其测定的是监测点的绝对位移，且受到诸多因素的影响，其中多路径效应和温度变化是主要影响源，要想正确分析结构的动力特性，首先必须有效地分离结构振动与各类影响项。本文采用小波分析法，对坐标序列进行多尺度分解，有效地筛分出结构微小振动和各类影响项。通过实际测试数据分析，取得了极其满意的效果。     

穿越管道的疲劳失稳风险评估方法的研究

本文提出了一种穿越管道的疲劳失稳风险评估方法，经过实例计算证实该方法的实用性和可靠性。     

Formulation and Evaluation of IMS, an Interactive Three-Dimensional Tropospheric Chemical Transport Model 3. Comparison of Modelled C2–C5 Hydrocarbons with Surface Measurements

In part 3 of this series of papers on a new 3-D global troposphericchemical transport model, using an Integrated Modelling System (IMS), anevaluation of the model performance in simulating global distributions andseasonal variations for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere,is presented. Comparisons of model OH concentrations with previous modelstudies show consistent modelled OH levels from the subtropics tomidlatitudes, while more discrepancies occur over the tropical lowlatitudes, with IMS predicting the highest levels of OH. The close agreementbetween modelled OH concentrations over midlatitudes, where high surfaceNO_xand VOC concentrations are also found, is indicative of the strongphotochemical coupling between NO_x, VOCs and O₃ overthese latitudes. IMSOH concentrations in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) midlatitudes during summerare generally lower than available measurements, implying that models ingeneral are underestimating OH levels at this location and time of year.Substantial differences between model OH concentrations over low latitudesclearly highlight areas of uncertainty between models. IMS OH concentrationsare the highest in general of the models compared, one possible reason isthat biogenic emissions of species such as isoprene and monoterpenes arehighest in IMS, leading to higher O₃ levels and hence higher OH.Generally, the IMS VOC concentrations show a similar seasonality to themeasurements at most locations. In general though, IMS tends to underestimatethe NH wintertime VOC maximum and overestimate the NH summertime VOCminimum. Such an overestimate in summer could be due to IMSunderestimating OH levels, or an overestimation of VOC emissions or possiblya problem with model transport, all of these possibilities are explored.Except for n-pentane, the model underprediction of a VOC maximum during theNH winter month strongly suggests a missing emission mechanism in the modelor an underestimate of an existing one. It is very likely that there is alack of time varying emission sources in the model to account for theseasonal change in emission behaviour such as increasing energy usage (e.g.,electricity and gas), road transportation, engine performance, and otheranthropogenic factors which show strong seasonal characteristics. Theanomalous overprediction of wintertime n-pentane compared with its closesummertime prediction with the measurements suggest that emissions in thiscase may be too high.     

磁流变阻尼器对高层建筑风振反应的半主动控制

本文探讨了磁流变阻尼器在高层建筑风振控制中的应用，在经典线性最优控制理论的基础上，根据磁流变阻尼器的特点，提出了一种新型的半主动控制策略，应有该方法对一40层的钢结构的风振反应进行了计算机模拟，结果表明，采用磁流变阻尼器对高层建筑进行半主动控制的能够有效减小结构的风振反应。     

Extrinsic and intrinsic mode of hydrogen occurrence in natural olivines: FTIR and TEM investigation

Olivine crystals from two mantle nodules in kimberlites (pipe Udachnaya and pipe Obnazennaya, Yakutiya, Siberia) were investigated using EMP, TEM, AEM and FTIR techniques to determine the mode of hydrogen occurrence in olivine. Olivine contains three types of nanometer-sized inclusions: “large” inclusions of hexagonal-like shape up to several hundred nm in size (1), lamellar defects (2) and small inclusions of hexagon-like shape up to several 10?nm in size (3). Lamellar defects and small inclusions are considered to be a “hydrous” olivine. All three types of inclusions contain OH^? or water, but they are different with respect to their phase composition. In “large” inclusions (1) hydrous magnesium silicates, such as serpentine?+?talc (“kerolite”?) and 10-Å phase?+?talc were identified. Lamellar defects (2) and small inclusions (3) are depleted in Mg and Fe compared to the olivine matrix, while the silica content is the same as that of olivine. Modulations in the periodicity of the olivine structure are observed in SAED patterns and HREM images of (2) and (3). The superperiodicity can be referred to OH^?-bearing point defect ordering in the olivine structure. If this is the case, the material of both lamellar defects and small inclusions can be assumed to be a “hydrous olivine” Mg_{2– x} v _x SiO₄H_{2 x} with a cation-deficient olivine crystal structure. Thus, both an extrinsic mode of hydrogen occurrence in olivine, such as nanometer-sized inclusions of OH^?-bearing magnesium silicates, and an intrinsic mode of hydrogen incorporation into the olivine structure, such as “hydrous olivine” in itself, were found. The data obtained here show that the OH absorption bands observed in olivine spectra at 3704(3717) and 3683(3688) cm^?1 can be unambiguously identified with serpentine; the band at 3677(3676) cm^?1 can be associated with talc. The absorption bands observed at 3591 and 3660?cm^?1 in olivine match those of the 10-Å phase at 3594, 3662 and 3666?cm^?1.     

Effect Blasting Excavation of Yujiapeng Tunnel on Stability of Nearby Giant Dangerous Rock Masses (DRM)

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Compaction of granular soils by uniform vibration equivalent to vibrodriving of piles

Summary A programme of laboratory tests was undertaken to identify the volume reduction of a range of granular soils in response to uniform vibration. The purpose of the tests was to quantify the potential compaction settlement of granular soils due to vibrations typical of those experienced when sheet or bearing piles are installed or extracted by vibrodriver. The vibrations in soils within 2–20 m of a vibrodriven pile are well defined as sinusoidal, at the frequency of the vibrodriver, and typically in the range of 1.0g down to 0.02g (whereg=gravitational acceleration). Thein-situ conditions were replicated in the laboratory by vibration of a Rowe cell containing a soil sample. This allowed control of stresses before and during vibration. Tests were conducted on nine granular soils, ranging from uniform Leighton Buzzard sands to a sandy fine-to-medium gravel. Soil samples were prepared at minimum relative density, generally in the saturated state, but also dry and partly saturated. Each sample was consolidated at a selected effective stress of between 10 and 100 kPa. It was then vibrated vertically at increments of controlled acceleration, under conditions of free drainage and maintained confining stress. Reduction in sample thickness was measured continuously. Results showed that even in a small, drained, sample the full volume reduction was reached only after many minutes, although the early response was more rapid. The trends of results showed that: increased surcharge pressure reduced the subsequent vibratory compaction; well-graded soils showed greater compaction than more uniform sands; compaction increased markedly when acceleration exceeded 1 g; saturated soils showed larger compaction than dry and partially saturated soils; compaction was influenced little by frequency, although rate of compaction reduced with frequency increase.     

Ultrasonic modelling research of earthquake response of underground lifeline engineering

Earthquake response of underground lifeline engineering is investigated by the method of ultrasonic model experiments in this paper. From general field conditions, two models of underground lifeline engineering, one for non-uniform field and the other for uniform field, are designed based on the similarity principle. Besides analysis of seismic phases, a series of analyses especially on particle vibration are carried out. The results show that: The shorter the epicentral distance, the greater are the intensity variation and the change rate of intensity variation of earthquake ground motion, so the more disadvantageous to underground pipelines. In soft covering layer, compressional waves mainly cause radial flexures deformation, but shear wave result in axial dilation deformation of the pipelines; when the thickness of the covering layer is smaller (less than seismic wave length), the rhythmic variation of the intensity of earthquake ground motion is controlled mainly by the wave length of seismic waves in the bedrock. The property of the covering layer has considerable effect on earthquake ground motion. For different covering layers, their effect on each component of earthquake ground motion is not the same. Owing to the effect of wave propagation, the ground is in different states of particle vibration at different times, and there is considerable difference in phase and intensity of particle vibration between two different covering layers near their junction line or surface. Because underground lifelines tend to vibrate with the particles of the earth around it, this results in different deformation of underground pipelines under different conditions. So, it is necessary to take corresponding anti-seismic countermeasures for pipelines according to their practical situations. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,14, 104–110, 1992. This paper is part of the research supported by Funds of Doctoral Faculty of National Education Committee.     

广东河台云西金矿床石英的拉曼光谱特征及其对含金性的评价

本文对广东河台云西金矿的石英进行了拉曼光谱研究。结果表明,含金石英与不含金石英的拉曼光谱有着本质的差异。作者通过量子理论的研究,对其差异进行了剖析,发现这种差异与它们之间成分、组构、形成温度的差异紧密联系。因此,作者得出结论:石英的拉曼光谱可以用于评价其含金性。     

Torsional dynamic response of a pile embedded in layered soil based on the fictitious soil pile model

The torsional dynamic response of a pile embedded in layered soil is investigated while considering the influence of the pile end soil. The finite soil layers under the end of the pile are modeled as a fictitious soil pile that has the same cross-sectional area as the pile and is in perfect contact with the pile end. To allow for variations of the modulus or cross-sectional area of the pile and soil, the soil surrounding and below the pile is vertically decomposed into finite layers. Using the Laplace transform and impedance function transfer method, the analytical solution for the dynamic response of the pile head in the frequency domain is then obtained, and the relevant semi-analytical solution in the time domain is derived using the inverse Fourier transform and convolution theorem. The rationality and accuracy of the solution is verified by comparing the torsional dynamic behavior of the pile calculated with the fictitious soil pile with those based on a rigid support model and a viscoelastic support model. Finally, a parametric study is conducted to investigate the influence of the properties and thickness of the pile end soil on the torsional dynamic response of the pile.