爆破震动对土质边坡动力稳定性影响研究

采用拟静力化的惯性力法,利用改进了的条分法来计算主动土压力,并考虑爆破地震的时程效应,提出了已有边坡在爆破过程中的动力稳定性系数的新的计算方法。实例证明,所得计算结果综合考虑了爆破震动波传播过程的衰减、频谱结构及相位差等因素的影响,因此该方法在土质边坡稳定分析中与拟静力法相比更具理论基础,其结果也更接近工程实际。     

弹性地基接缝板声振法脱空判定

采用声振法研究接缝和弹性地基脱空与声学特征变化的关系,利用有限元方法分析了有、无脱空接缝板的振动频率。通过声振法检测,得出地基脱空的范围及大小与声学特征参数具有很好的相关性,以某一脱空路面为例,通过计算分析,提出采用基于信息融合理论的集成神经网络技术对刚性路面脱空状况进行识别。为用声学特征进行地基脱空等缺陷无损检测提供了理论和实验依据。该法速度快、精度高,便于实际应用。     

振动导致黄河口海床渗透性变化研究

黄河水下三角洲为细粒粉质土沉积。土体渗透性是海工设计与海床稳定性评价的重要参数之一。在波浪等循环荷载作用下,黄河口海床土渗透系数如何变化尚不清楚。本文利用现场原位振动试验和室内土样振动实验,研究土体渗透系数随所受振动能量的变化,发现循环荷载作用使海床土渗透系数先变小然后持续变大,变化幅值可达4倍多。通过同步测量循环荷载导致的土体容重等的变化,结合试验现象的观测,进一步分析了渗透系数随循环荷载变化的机理。     

振动导致黄河口粉质土性质与起动流速的变化

通过现场试验,研究模拟波浪振动导致的黄河口海床表层粉质土重度与强度的变化;通过室内试验,研究了黄河口海床土重度、强度、中值粒径、起动流速随振动能量的变化;将起动流速的试验测试结果与代表性经验公式计算值进行了比较。发现振动导致黄河口粉质土物理力学指标呈现周期性的变化,进而引起起动流速相应的变化;起动流速不仅与土体重度、粒径、强度有关,还与土体承受的波浪荷载振动能量有密切关系;起动流速经验公式计算结果与试验测试值不吻合。     

爆破振动对双连拱隧道中墙的影响分析

在Ⅱ、Ⅲ级围岩条件下,双连拱隧道常采用双侧全断面法施工。通过对双连拱隧道施工过程中的爆破振动进行三维数值模拟分析,研究了双连拱隧道后行洞爆破施工对中墙的振动影响。结果表明：双连拱隧道后行洞爆破对中墙有较大影响,需采用相应的保护措施,来减小爆破振动对中墙的扰动,而临时支护将会被破坏。     

振动频率对饱和黏性土动力特性的影响

在回顾加荷频率对土样动力特性影响的研究基础上,采用某土石坝心墙防渗黏性土饱和试样,通过动三轴试验,研究了振动频率f对土样动力特性的影响。动强度试验结果表明：当 0.1～4 Hz时,动强度随f的升高而增大,但f继续升高后,动强度却有下降趋势。当 0.1～1.0 Hz时,频率愈高动孔压比愈大;当 1.0～6.0 Hz时,总的趋势为频率愈高,动孔压比愈小。表明频率较高时,动孔隙水压力来不及上升和扩散。较高频率f持续作用下,试样有吸水现象并伴随动孔压的下降。动模量阻尼试验结果是：f愈低,试样动变形开展愈充分;f愈高,动模量和阻尼比愈大。     

恒载作用下损伤梁的弯矩重分布研究

根据等效刚度原理定义损伤程度,对损伤采用损伤位置、损伤程度和损伤长度三个参数来描述,从材料力学平面弯曲理论出发,运用小变形的平面弯曲挠曲线近似微分方程,并引入损伤程度的定义,推导出恒载作用下两端固定损伤梁弯矩方程的隐含表达式。对恒载作用下两端固定损伤梁进行了各种损伤情况下弯矩重分布的对比分析,总结出了其弯矩重分布规律。本研究的目的是期望为桥梁的健康检测、损伤识别理论研究奠定基础。     

Determination of the Tropospheric Hydroxyl Radical by Liquidphase Scrubbing and HPLC: Preliminary Results

A preliminary study was carried out toexamine the feasibility of measuring tropospherichydroxyl radicals (OH) by liquidphase scrubbing andhigh performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Thepotential advantages of this approach are itssimplicity, portability, and low expense. Thesampling system employs glass bubblers to trapatmospheric OH into a buffered solution of salicylicacid (o-hydroxybenzoic acid, OHBA). Rapidreaction of OH with OHBA produces a stable fluorescentproduct, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHBA), whichis determined by reverse-phase HPLC and fluorescencedetection. Our preliminary field results indicatethat this method is most suitable for OH measurementsin clean tropospheric air, where interferences fromother atmospheric species appear to be negligible orminor relative to polluted air. In clean air, thesampling period is about 45–90 minutes, which yieldsa detection limit of approximately 3–6 ×10⁵ radicalscm^-3. During an OHintercomparison experiment at the Caribou samplingsite in Colorado, our liquidphase scrubber method wascompared with the ion-assisted mass spectrometry (MS)method. Our results were within the same range asthose of the ion-assisted MS method (1–5 ×10⁶ radicals cm^-3) within our precision atthat time (about ±30–50%). Preliminary testsin Pullman, WA indicated that the method might alsofunction in moderately polluted air by acidifying thescrubbing solution or by adding a scavenger tosuppress interferences. In Pullman, mid-day OHconcentrations were usually in the range of 2–20 ×10⁶ radicals cm^-3. Nighttime OHconcentrations were always low, either at or slightlyabove the detection limit.     

Horizontal vibrations of a disk on a poroelastic half-space

This paper analytically examines the horizontal vibration of a rigid disk on a saturated poroelastic half-space. The pressure-solid displacement form of the harmonic equations of motion for asymmetric dynamic problem are developed from the form of the equations originally presented by Biot. Making use of a new method the solution of the above equations is obtained. According to the mixed boundary -value conditions, the dual integral equations of the horizontal vibration of a rigid disk on a saturated poroelastic half-space are established. By appropriate transforms, it is shown that the dual integral equations can be reduced to a pair of Fredholm integral equations of the second kind, whose solutions are then computed. Numerical results for the horizontal dynamic compliance coefficient are given at the end of this paper.     

结构振动控制的两个理论问题

针对结构振动控制的两个理论问题,提出了自己的见解,阐明了这些理论问题对应用研究及工程实践的指导意义。