基于弹性拉索的超高墩三塔斜拉桥减震效果研究

为探究超高墩三塔斜拉桥在弹性拉索装置下的减震效果,首先利用SAP2000建立了考虑支座非线性和拉索几何非线性的三维有限元模型;其次基于弹性拉索装置,研究了弹性拉索刚度对三塔斜拉桥地震响应的影响;最后基于数值分析结果并结合某三塔斜拉桥实际工程提出3种减震方案。研究表明:在两边塔塔梁结合处设置弹性拉索可显著减小桥梁在地震作用下的内力和位移响应;提出的方案1(两边塔单根弹性索均为50股,单股刚度均为12000kN/m)、方案2(两边塔单根弹性索均为100股,单股刚度均为10000kN/m)和方案3(15#主塔单根弹性拉索100股,单股刚度10000kN/m;17#主塔单根弹性拉索100股,单股刚度为16000kN/m)相较于无弹性索状态,均可有效降低主塔塔底弯矩、塔底剪力、塔顶位移及主梁纵向位移;相较于方案1,方案2和方案3是更优方案。     

基于人工地震波作用下大跨度悬索桥多点激励地震响应分析

为研究大跨度悬索桥在多点激励作用下的地震响应规律,在已有的功率谱模型基础上提出了改进的功率谱模型,并将其应用到人工地震波合成过程中。以某水库上主跨720 m双塔单跨悬索桥为研究对象,用Midas civil建立全桥有限元模型,采用大质量法进行不同波速多点激励地震响应分析。结果表明:大跨度悬索桥在多点激励作用下的主塔内力响应、主塔位移响应及主梁位移响应均受行波效应、衰减效应、不相干效应及衰减后地震波叠加效应影响,且最终的响应值由衰减后地震波的叠加效应与衰减效应的共同作用决定;500 m/s多点激励下衰减后的地震波叠加加强效应与衰减效应共同作用后,对主塔轴力响应、主塔塔底顺桥向剪力响应、左塔上横梁处剪力和弯矩响应的加强效果最大;各波速多点激励下,主塔顶顺桥向位移响应相对变化率均大于零且几乎保持不变,主梁两端顺桥向位移响应相对变化率在1 000 m/s波速取得最大值,主梁竖向位移响应在500 m/s取得最大值并随波速的增加逐渐接近一致激励情况。     

考虑力组合效应的钢框架端板连接力学行为

为研究不同力组合效应对平齐端板连接力学行为的影响,采用ABAQUS程序建立不同受力情况下连接的非线性简化有限元模型,通过与国内外典型试验结果对比分析,验证了有限元模型的可靠性。基于此通过考虑8种力组合因素的影响,分析了2种不同钢等级的梁柱节点力学行为,进一步讨论了EC3 Part 1-8规范的适用性。结果表明:简化有限元模型在弯矩-转角曲线、破坏形态、初始刚度和塑性抗力等方面与试验结果吻合良好。框架梁轴力对节点的力学行为影响显著,当轴拉力为20%的框架梁轴向塑性抗力N_pl时,高强钢节点的刚度和强度分别降低68%和52%;当轴压力为-20%N_pl时,刚度和强度分别增加89%和42%。此外节点的滞回耗能能力、破坏模式以及分类属性与梁轴力水平密切相关。对于高强钢梁柱平齐端板节点,EC3规范对框架梁轴压力的限值仍过于保守。研究结果对于提高结构的抗倒塌能力和组合力作用下的理论研究具有重要参考价值。     

武汉交通学校群楼爆破拆除塌落振动分析

为了分析一次性爆破拆除多栋建筑造成的地面振动的特征及对周边建筑物的影响,对武汉交通学校群楼爆破拆除中的地面振动进行了测量,并对实测的塌落振动的峰值、频谱特性进行分析。结果表明:此次监测记录到的峰值频率在5～10 Hz,对比高架桥以及单一高层结构爆破拆除数据,倒塌叠加使得振动能量在频谱上分布更加离散,其峰值频率与周边结构自振频率相差变大,周边建筑共振的危险性降低;对于周围的结构而言,水平振动持时大于竖向振动,但水平振动幅值明显小于竖向振动;爆破塌落振动的竖向分量对周围结构的威胁较大,应采取有效的缓冲及隔振措施;由《爆破安全规程》和周边建筑爆破前后主振频率分析可知,本次爆破拆除工作未对周边建筑造成破坏性影响,验证了群楼爆破拆除方案的高效性和安全性。     

车辆行驶振动对古长城影响分析及评价

交通振动会对周边古建筑产生不利影响,研究振动规律对古建筑的稳定性评价非常重要。为此,利用振动探测仪采集古长城因周边道路车辆行驶引起的振动数据。通过解译振动波形了解场地的振动强度衰减过程及大小,确定振动强度及对长城的影响,以及各因素与振动强度的关系。以国家古建筑允许振动规范对波形解译结果进行评价,为解决此类文明遗址的保护问题提供了技术支撑。分析结果表明:不同路况,振动衰减规律不同,路况较好振动强度衰减迅速;行驶车辆的车速、荷载及行驶道路质量均可影响长城水平振动强度,车速越快、荷载越大、道路质量越差,长城水平振动强度越大;长城不同位置对车辆行驶产生的振动响应不同,长城脚水平振动强度大于长城顶水平振动强度。     

基于车桥耦合振动的常用简支空心板梁桥冲击系数分析

通过Universal Mechanism和ANSYS软件相结合建立了车桥耦合振动模型,考虑车型、行车速度、车重和桥梁频率等因素,对工程常用的4种标准跨径装配式混凝土空心板梁桥进行了车桥耦合振动模拟。研究表明:冲击系数随车速增加而上升;随车重增加而增大;随桥梁频率的增加而降低。在多种因素中,车速对冲击系数影响最为明显。     

新型抗水氯氧镁水泥防渗渠在自然环境的水化产物、相转变规律及其对强度的影响

氯氧镁水泥(Magnesium oxychloride cement, MOC)具有快凝、早强、高强、防火和不腐蚀玻璃纤维等优点,非常适合于制作玻璃纤维增强薄壁制品,在农业灌溉工程中具有良好的应用前景。采用XRD和TOPAS分析了新型抗水氯氧镁水泥制成内蒙古防渗渠的物相组成,探讨了氯氧镁水泥制品在自然环境的水化产物与相转变规律、以及相组成对强度的影响。结果表明,在水分缺少的条件下,氯氧镁水泥的水化产物主要为5Mg(OH)_2·MgCl_2·8H_2O(5·1·8)和Mg(OH)_2;在水分充足的条件下,水化产物主要为Mg(OH)_2和5·1·8,碳化产物为碳化氯氧化镁Mg(OH)_2·MgCl_2·2MgCO_3·6H_2O(1·1·2·6)和水菱镁矿4MgCO_3·Mg(OH)_2·4H_2O(4·1·4)。水化产物对强度有促进作用,而碳化产物会降低强度。通过10年的工程环境考验,证明新型氯氧镁水泥制品在环境中能够保持主要强度相5·1·8的稳定性,具有良好的长期力学性能。     

Identification of modal parameters of a 600-m-high skyscraper from field vibration tests

Accurate prediction of the dynamic responses of a high-rise building subjected to dynamic loads such as earthquake and wind excitations requires the information of its structural dynamic properties such as modal parameters including natural frequencies and damping ratios. This paper presents the identification results of the modal parameters based on field vibration tests on a 600-m high skyscraper. A set of tests, including ambient vibration test (AVT) and free vibration test (FVT), were conducted on the skyscraper to identify its modal parameters. Firstly, this paper presents and discusses the modal parameters of the skyscraper assessed by several identification methods applied to the AVT measurements. These methods include the wavelet transform (WT) method, the stochastic subspace identification (SSI) method, and the random decrement technique (RDT). Secondly, an active mass damper (AMD) system with total mass 1000 tons equipped into the skyscraper was used to excite the building for estimation of the modal parameters by FVT. Thirdly, this paper presents observations on the structural dynamic behavior of the skyscraper with the operation of the AMD system during a typhoon event. The field measurement results show that the AMD system functioned efficiently for suppression of the wind-induced vibrations of the skyscraper during the typhoon. This paper aims to further understand the structural dynamic properties of super-tall buildings and provide useful information for structural design and vibration control of future skyscrapers.     

Dynamic testing and system identification of a multi-span highway bridge

A simple and effective procedure for conducting the free vibration test on highway bridges is presented. The impulsive force in each direction is generated by a loaded truck that either stops suddenly or falls down from a rigid block. The feasibility of the procedure is demonstrated in identification of the dynamic properties, i.e. the vibration frequencies, mode shapes, and damping ratios, of a three-span box-girder concrete bridge using the Ibrahim Time-Domain (ITD) technique. Up to 14 modes have been identified for the present case. For the purpose of verification, ambient vibration tests were also carried out, with the data processed by the random decrement (Randomdec) technique to yield the free vibration response, followed by the ITD technique. The dynamic properties identified from the two types of test correlate very well with each other, indicating the validity of each procedure described herein. Although many more modes can be identified from the free vibration test because of the higher quality of data produced, the easiness and general applicability of the ambient vibration test can still be appreciated. A comparison of the experimental results with those by the finite element method indicated a lesser degree of correlation, implying that the finite element model adopted in design requires further refinement, say, through a more realistic evaluation of the boundary conditions, geometric and material properties of the bridge. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

Optimal instrumentation of structures on flexible base for system identification

A criterion previously developed by Heredia-Zavoni and Esteva for selecting optimal sensor locations is used to analyse the optimal instrumentation of structures on soft soils. The stochastic response of a linear structural system on a flexible base is formulated for use of the criterion. The case of MDOF shear systems on flexible base, with uncertain lateral stiffness and subjected to random earthquake ground motions, is studied. The optimal location of accelerometers, the reduction of prior uncertainty on the lateral stiffness, the effects of the base flexibility, the relative influence of translation and rocking of the base, and the influence of recording noise are assessed and discussed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.