Phanerozoic magmatism in the Proterozoic Cuddapah Basin and its connection with the Pangean supercontinent

Magmatic pulses in intraplate sedimentary basins are windows to understand the tectonomagmatic evolution and paleaoposition of the Basin.The present study reports the U-Pb zircon ages of mafic flows from the Cuddapah Basin and link these magmatic events with the Pangean evolution during late Carboniferous-Triassic/Phanerozoic timeframe.Zircon U-Pb geochronology for the basaltic lava flows from Vempalle Formation,Cuddapah Basin suggests two distinct Phanerozoic magmatic events coinciding with the amalgamation and dispersal stages of Pangea at 300 Ma(Late Carboniferous) and 227 Ma(Triassic).Further,these flows are characterized by analogous geochemical and geochronological signatures with Phanerozoic counterparts from Siberian,Panjal Traps,Emeishan and Tarim LIPs possibly suggesting their coeval and cogenetic nature.During the Phanerozoic Eon,the Indian subcontinent including the Cuddapah Basin was juxtaposed with the Pangean LIPs which led to the emplacement of these pulses of magmatism in the Basin coinciding with the assemblage of Pangea and its subsequent breakup between 400 Ma and 200 Ma.     

鄂西走马地区大塘坡组顶部泥岩碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 年龄及其地质意义

地球在新元古代经历了Rodinia超大陆的聚合和解体,并发生了Sturtian和Marinoan两期全球规模的冰川事件。华南地区南华系古城组和南沱组冰碛岩分别对应Sturtian冰期和Marinoan冰期沉积记录,大塘坡组属于其间冰期沉积。对鄂西走马地区大塘坡组顶部泥岩中的碎屑锆石进行了LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年,锆石具有高Th/U比值（0.47～1.69）,并显示明显的振荡环带,为岩浆成因;62颗锆石的62个数据点分析,获得的60个谐和年龄分布在651～2435Ma,主要峰值为～794Ma。最年轻单颗锆石U-Pb年龄651±7.7Ma,结合前人研究认为华南地区Marinoan冰期启动时间应晚于651Ma;碎屑锆石为亲扬子型,可能来自鄂中古陆和扬子北缘;分布最集中的751～851Ma年龄段内～850Ma峰值记录了扬子地台与华夏褶皱带碰撞拼合事件,而～820Ma、～800Ma、～760Ma等峰值则揭示了与Rodinia超大陆解体有关的幕式岩浆活动。     

Extensional collapse of the Gondwana orogen: Evidence from Cambrian mafic magmatism in the Trivandrum Block,southern India

The assembly of Late Neoproterozoice Cambrian supercontinent Gondwana involved prolonged subduction and accretion generating arc magmatic and accretionary complexes, culminating in collision and formation of high grade metamorphic orogens. Here we report evidence for mafic magmatism associated with post-collisional extension from a suite of gabbroic rocks in the Trivandrum Block of southern Indian Gondwana fragment. Our petrological and geochemical data on these gabbroic suite show that they are analogous to high Fe tholeiitic basalts with evolution of the parental melts dominantly controlled by fractional crystallization. They display enrichment of LILE and LREE and depletion of HFSE with negative anomalies at Zre Hf and Ti corresponding to subduction zone magmatic regime. The tectonic affinity of the gabbros coupled with their geochemical features endorse a heterogeneous mantle source with collective melt contributions from sub-slab asthenospheric mantle upwelling through slab break-off and arc-related metasomatized mantle wedge, with magma emplacement in subduction to post-collisional intraplate settings. The high Nb contents and positive Nbe Ta anomalies of the rocks are attributed to inflow of asthenospheric melts containing ancient recycled subducted slab components and/or fusion of subducted slab materials owing to upwelling of hot asthenosphere. Zircon grains from the gabbros show magmatic crystallization texture with low U and Pb content. The LA-ICPMS analyses show ²⁰⁶ Pb/²³⁸ U mean ages in the range of 507-494 Ma suggesting Cambrian mafic magmatism. The post-collisional mafic magmatism identified in our study provides new insights into mantle dynamics during the waning stage of the birth of a supercontinent.     

滇西南涧地区无量山岩群变质英安岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其构造意义

滇西南涧—云县一带广泛出露的无量山岩群是一套与三江特提斯造山带密切相关的中低变质沉积岩夹火山岩系,其形成时代、沉积充填序列及大地构造属性一直存在争议。出露于南涧县公郎乡一带的无量山岩群发育有厚数厘米的变质英安岩夹层。对变质英安岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,分别获得428.7±8.7Ma的岩浆结晶年龄和338～387Ma、250.5±8.1Ma、146.0±6.0Ma的变质年龄。认为无量山岩群原始沉积岩形成于志留纪,在古特提斯洋俯冲过程中,经历古生代造弧而发生区域变质作用,在白垩纪受热事件影响而发生热变质作用;同时还获得2034±22Ma、1140±16Ma、731±15Ma及469～522Ma的单颗粒锆石年龄,这些年代峰值与整个扬子陆块西缘获得的前寒武纪、古生代构造热事件年龄及分布特征基本可以对比;记录了Columbia、Rodinia和Gondwana超大陆的形成与裂解过程。     

东北地块群:构造演化与古大陆重建

东北地区位于西伯利亚板块、华北板块和太平洋板块之间,为"中亚造山带"的东段和太平洋构造域的叠加部位,因此东北地块群构造属性和背景的研究对深入探讨二大构造域的叠加与转化背景具有重要的理论意义。东北地块群从东到西可细分佳木斯兴凯、松辽、兴安和额尔古纳四大地块,这些地块具有相同的新元古代泛非期变质基底,而古生代沉积岩也存在一定的可比性,表明这些地块存在相同或者相似的构造演化背景。分割这些地块的构造边界特征为:1）额尔古纳与兴安地块的缝合带为早古生代头道桥-新林缝合带,而非中生代德尔布干断裂;2）兴安地块与松辽地块之间的贺根山黑河缝合带形成时代为晚石炭世（330~300 Ma）,而非最近报道的中生代;3）古亚洲洋分布在东北陆块群与华北板块之间,沿西拉木伦-长春缝合带闭合,时代为三叠纪;4）佳木斯兴凯地块与松辽地块之间的吉黑高压带形成于古亚洲构造域与环太平洋构造域转换的关键时期（210~180 Ma）;5）那丹哈达增生杂岩为中国境内古太平洋板块俯冲增生的唯一直接证据,并记录了晚三叠早白垩世古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆俯冲增生的过程。在此基础上,分析了东北地块群发育的典型古生物和年代学标志,重建了东北地块群从Gondwana 大陆到Pangea大陆的位置与模型。     

Detrital zircon geochronology of quartzites from the southern Madurai Block,India: Implications for Gondwana reconstruction

Detrital zircons are important proxies for crustal provenance and have been widely used in tracing source characteristics and continental reconstructions. Southern Peninsular India constituted the central segment of the late Neoproterozoic supercontinent Gondwana and is composed of crustal blocks ranging in age from Mesoarchean to late Neoproterozoic–Cambrian. Here we investigate detrital zircon grains from a suite of quartzites accreted along the southern part of the Madurai Block. Our LA-ICPMS U-Pb dating reveals multiple populations of magmatic zircons, among which the oldest group ranges in age from Mesoarchean to Paleoproterozoic (ca. 2980–1670 Ma, with peaks at 2900–2800 Ma, 2700–2600 Ma, 2500–2300 Ma, 2100–2000 Ma). Zircons in two samples show magmatic zircons with dominantly Neoproterozoic (950–550 Ma) ages. The metamorphic zircons from the quartzites define ages in the range of 580–500 Ma, correlating with the timing of metamorphism reported from the adjacent Trivandrum Block as well as from other adjacent crustal fragments within the Gondwana assembly. The zircon trace element data are mostly characterized by LREE depletion and HREE enrichment, positive Ce, Sm anomalies and negative Eu, Pr, Nd anomalies. The Mesoarchean to Neoproterozoic age range and the contrasting petrogenetic features as indicated from zircon chemistry suggest that the detritus were sourced from multiple provenances involving a range of lithologies of varying ages. Since the exposed basement of the southern Madurai Block is largely composed of Neoproterozoic orthogneisses, the data presented in our study indicate derivation of the detritus from distal source regions implying an open ocean environment. Samples carrying exclusive Neoproterozoic detrital zircon population in the absence of older zircons suggest proximal sources in the southern Madurai Block. Our results suggest that a branch of the Mozambique ocean might have separated the southern Madurai Block to the north and the Nagercoil Block to the south, with the metasediments of the khondalite belt in Trivandrum Block marking the zone of ocean closure, part of which were accreted onto the southern Madurai Block during the collisional amalgamation of the Gondwana supercontinent in latest Neoproterozoic–Cambrian.     

中国大陆地壳“镶嵌与叠覆”的结构特征及其演化

初步探讨了中国大陆地壳“块带镶嵌多层叠覆”的结构特征和多阶段的构造演化过程。中国大陆地壳新元古代中期以来的一级构造单元有中朝、塔里木、扬子、敦煌4个陆块和中央、西北、东北、西南、东南5个造山区(带)。中朝陆块的形成源于古元古代期间发生的古大陆裂解;扬子、塔里木和敦煌陆块的形成源于新元古代早期发生的古大陆裂解。西北造山区的形成源于古生代晚期洋盆关闭、大陆碰撞并叠加新生代陆内再造山;东北造山带的形成过程包括古生代碰撞造山及中生代增生、碰撞造山;中央造山带至三叠纪大陆碰撞才最后形成并叠加有新生代再造山;东南造山带的形成经历了古生代至新生代的多次造山作用;西南造山带主要是中—新生代造山作用的产物。这些单元都具有“块带镶嵌多层叠覆”的结构特征和多阶段构造演化的特点。中国大陆地壳的形成与演化可以划分为太古宙—古元古代、中元古代—新元古代早期、新元古代中期—古新世和始新世以来4个构造阶段,每个阶段都对应不同的超大陆裂解-聚合旋回。其中新元古代中期以来的地壳形成演化与全球洋陆格局中的古亚洲洋、古特提斯洋、古太平洋、特提斯洋和太平洋5个动力学体制有关,相应地可以归结为古亚洲、古特提斯、古太平洋、特提斯和太平洋5个造山域。正是这些多阶段的超大     

我国前寒武纪地质研究进展与展望

前寒武纪地质学是现代地球科学中最活跃的学科之一。我国前寒武纪地质研究有着良好的条件和优良的传统，前寒武纪岩石在中国大陆上有广泛的分布，保存了从3800Ma到543Ma较完整的岩石、地层和生物形成与演化的历史记录，并蕴藏了丰富的矿产资源。简要回顾了近百年来我国前寒武纪研究的历史，取得的丰硕成果及巨大进展。概述了中国前寒武纪时期的大陆，特别是太古宙华北克拉通地壳演化的特殊性和复杂性，与世界其他地区的克拉通进行了对比。指出前寒武纪地质学在研究地球科学中仍然处于重要的位置，尤其是研究前寒武纪超大陆汇聚与裂解及前寒武纪成矿区带的划分已成为当今世界研究的热点。在此基础上，提出了对我国21世纪前寒武纪地质学的工作设想和展望。     

云南安宁地区石虎山花岗岩年代学、地球化学特征和锆石Hf同位素组成及其成因

石虎山花岗岩岩体位于安宁市德滋村附近,本文对该岩体开展了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学、锆石Hf同位素组成研究。结果获得(616±20) Ma的岩浆结晶年龄和(839±17) Ma、(766±15) Ma、(705.5±9.4) Ma的继承性年龄,说明岩体形成于新元古代埃迪卡拉纪;其中(839±17) Ma、(766±15) Ma、(705.5±9.4) Ma的继承性年龄组合可能是Rodinia超大陆裂解构造过程的记录,839 Ma、616 Ma可能是Rodinia超大陆在扬子板块西缘开始裂解与最终裂解时限。花岗岩主量、微量元素特征显示,其产生于伸展环境的高硅、过铝、高钾的A型花岗岩;锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值均小于0,在t-t(Ma)和t-(~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf)图上,所有样品点均落在上地壳演化线之上,二阶段模式年龄变化范围为1.77～2.31 Ga,结合Nb/Y—Rb/Y图解,表明成岩物质主要来源于古元古代古老下地壳页岩60%部分熔融。     

华北克拉通南缘1600Ma麻坪A型花岗岩的成因及其地质意义

麻坪花岗岩体产于华北克拉通南缘,岩石类型主要为花岗斑岩,具斑状结构,斑晶主要为钾长石和石英。LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,岩体的形成时代为1600Ma。所有样品高SiO 2(70.51%~75.69%)、富碱(K2O+Na2O=7.42%~10.27%,K2O/Na2O23),贫MgO(0.24%~0.58%)、CaO(0.06%~0.12%)、P2O5(0.04%~0.08%)和MnO(0.01%),以及Eu、Sr和Ti负异常,表明它们在演化过程中经历了钾长石、斜长石、铁钛氧化物等的分离结晶作用。它们高的铝饱和指数(A/CNK1.11),显示强过铝质特征。然而,麻坪花岗斑岩高的Ga/Al比值以及高的锆石饱和温度(870~953℃),显示典型的A型花岗岩特征。因此,麻坪花岗斑岩为强过铝质A型花岗岩。麻坪花岗斑岩的地球化学特征、锆石Hf同位素组成以及二阶段模式年龄表明其来自太华群高温条件下部分熔融,同时基性岩浆的底侵作用为之提供了相应的热源。麻坪花岗斑岩的产生是裂谷岩浆活动的产物,其形成可能与Columbia超大陆的裂解有关。