行业高校测绘卓越工程师多元化培养模式构建研究与实践

“测绘卓越工程师教育培养计划”是《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》高等教育改革和发展中具有战略性意义的一项重要任务。本文紧抓人才培养模式创新的关键性要素作为切入点,创建了一套行业需求为导向的测绘工程专业卓越人才培养体系,搭建“高工程素质、强实践能力”的人才培养模式,完善专业课程体系,加强师资队伍建设,强化多元实践教学,构筑创新实践平台,着力提高学生的工程意识、工程素质和工程实践能力。     

基于SWAT模型的细河流域土地利用/覆被变化对径流影响的研究

土地利用/覆被变化对细河流域的水文过程影响显著。为研究不同土地利用/覆被情景对流域水文要素的影响情况,本文构建了适用于细河流域的SWAT分布式水文模型,并拟算出不同情景下的流域多年平均月径流量、多年平均地表径流深度、多年平均蒸发量以及多年平均土壤侧流。模拟结果显示:当流域农林用地增加时,平均月径流量增加了8.40%;当建设用地增加时,平均月径流量减少了4.11%;当旱地及其他未利用地增加时,平均月径流量减少了1.93%。综上所述,细河流域农林用地变化对径流产量的影响相对最大,其增加导致径流量增加;旱地及其他未利用对径流产量的影响相对最小,建设用地和旱地及其他未利用地的增加导致径流量减少。     

统计地理空间框架建设的国际经验及对中国的启示

为了更好地整合统计地理空间信息,联合国成立了统计和地理信息整合专家组,目标是推进全球统计地理空间框架的实施.全球统计地理空间框架为各国提供了通用的标准和方法,以促进统计和地理空间信息的整合,并提高了结合空间信息的统计数据的可用性,让统计更好地服务于决策.本文介绍了构成统计地理空间框架五项原则的具体内容和相关国际经验,并分析了国内实施框架的基础条件、有利因素和困难.建议国家统计局在今后的普查和统计调查中,参照全球统计地理空间框架原则,加强统计和地理信息的整合,并提出了具体措施.     

块状岩石矿物组分热红外光谱反演实验研究

针对地面研究用岩石的热红外光谱反演其矿物组分过程中,由于自然岩石内矿物组分分布不均匀,给确定观测区域内矿物组分的精确值造成困难的问题,该文采用块状矿物拼接的方法模拟自然岩石,使模拟岩石的矿物组分可以精确获取。进一步,针对模拟岩石制订旋转试样法观测方案,从理论上研究该方案存在的观测误差,并通过光谱解混验证其观测精度。     

Hydrological and hydrodynamic modeling for flood damage mitigation in Brahmani–Baitarani River Basin,India

Stream flow forecast and its inundation simulations prior to the event are an effective and non-structural method of flood damage mitigation. In this paper, a continuous simulation hydrological and hydrodynamic model was developed for stream flow forecast and for spatial inundation simulation in Brahmani–Baitarani river basin, India. The hydrologic modelling approach includes rainfall-run-off modelling, flow routing, calibration and validation of the model with the field discharge data. CARTOSAT Digital Elevation Model of 30 m resolution, land use/land cover derived from the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS-P6) AWiFS and soil textural data of the study area were used in the modelling to compute topographic and hydraulic parameters. The hydrological model was calibrated with the help of field observed discharge data of 2006 and 2009 and validated with the data of 2008 and 2011. From the results, it is found that computed discharges are very well matching well with the observed discharges. The developed model can provide the stream flow forecast with more than 30 h lead time. Possible flood inundations were simulated using hydrodynamic modelling approach. CARTO Digital Elevation Model of 10 m resolution, landuse and the computed flood hydrographs were used in inundation simulations.     

UNB多波束数据格式解析

采用VB进行程序设计,实现了对数据文件的解析,提取出了各种不同类型的数据,介绍了数据的处理与应用.     

地图模型的研究

讨论了地图模型的实质,对地图模型的直观性、一览性、抽象性、概括性、可量测性、几何精确性、合成性、几何相似性、地理一致性、单义性、连续性、艺术性等认识论特性和表现形式的多样性、存储量的巨大性、信息传输性、信息多维动态性等信息论特性进行了重点分析了,并阐述了地图模型对计算机制图和地图分析应用的研究意义。     

供水管网地理信息系统中爆管分析的算法研究

爆管关阀分析是供水管网地理信息系统中重要的空间分析功能之一,目前已建系统的爆管分析功能存在着算法繁琐或功能简单、不具通用性等缺点。本文以高质量的源数据为基础,根据系统和爆管分析的需求建立合理的数据模型,设计了爆管关阀分析算法,该算法克服现有算法的不足,剔除了可关可不关的阀门,得到正确、经济的关阀门方案,并列出了受影响的用户。将此设计方案应用于"新疆石油管理局供水地理信息系统"中,成功地实现了爆管分析,体现出了该算法简洁、高效、准确、通用的优越性。     

Modeling errors in upward continuation for INS gravity compensation

Accurate upward continuation of gravity anomalies supports future precision, free-inertial navigation systems, since the latter cannot by themselves sense the gravitational field and thus require appropriate gravity compensation. This compensation is in the form of horizontal gravity components. An analysis of the model errors in upward continuation using derivatives of the standard Pizzetti integral solution (spherical approximation) shows that discretization of the data and truncation of the integral are the major sources of error in the predicted horizontal components of the gravity disturbance. The irregular shape of the data boundary, even the relatively rough topography of a simulated mountainous region, has only secondary effect, except when the data resolution is very high (small discretization error). Other errors due to spherical approximation are even less important. The analysis excluded all measurement errors in the gravity anomaly data in order to quantify just the model errors. Based on a consistent gravity field/topographic surface simulation, upward continuation errors in the derivatives of the Pizzetti integral to mean altitudes of about 3,000 and 1,500 m above the mean surface ranged from less than 1 mGal (standard deviation) to less than 2 mGal (standard deviation), respectively, in the case of 2 arcmin data resolution. Least-squares collocation performs better than this, but may require significantly greater computational resources.     

山西省基础地理信息数据库的技术研究

山西省基础地理信息数据库是山西省空间数据基础设施建设的重要组成部分,主要介绍数据库建设的技术方案和关键技术.