Sedimentary characteristics and genetic mechanism of the giant ancient pockmarks in the Qiongdongnan Basin,northern South China Sea

In the late Miocene, giant ancient pockmarks, which are fairly rare globally, developed in the Qiongdongnan Basin. In this paper, to determine the sedimentary characteristics and genetic mechanism of these giant ancient pockmarks in the Yinggehai Formation of the Qiongdongnan Basin, based on high-resolution 3D seismic data and multiattribute fusion technologies, we analyzed the planar distribution and seismic facies of the ancient pockmarks and compared the characteristics of the ancient pockmar...     

New interpretation on the provenance changes of the upper Pinghu–lower Huagang Formation within Xihu Depression,East China Sea Shelf Basin

Both Pinghu and Huagang formations are important hydrocarbon reservoirs of the Xihu Depression in the East China Sea Shelf Basin. Clarifying the source suppliers and restoring source-to-sink transport routes are of great significance to the future petroleum and gas undertakings. Previous researchers were largely confined by either limitation of geological records, highly dependence on a singular method or low-precision dating techniques. Our study integrated heavy mineral assemblages, geochemica...     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组深水重力流岩相发育特征及其储集性

鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长7、长6油层组广泛发育深水重力流,基于对长7-长6段共计852.7 m岩心的精细分析并结合测井、录井等数据,总结分析了湖盆重力流沉积岩相的类型、成因、特征和发育规律。综合岩石类型、沉积构造和发育规模,共识别出8种岩相类型,分别是：滑动砂岩相(Sl)、滑塌砂岩相(Ss)、滑塌泥岩相(Sm)、中-薄层块状含砾砂岩相(Sc)、中-薄层块状纯净砂岩相(Sp)、厚层块状含砾砂岩相(St)、块状含砾泥岩相(Mc)、中-薄层具层理砂岩夹泥岩相(Tb)。按照Shanmugam基于重力流沉积过程的分类方法,Sl是滑动成因,Ss、Sm是滑塌成因,St、Sp、Sc、Mc是碎屑流成因,Tb是浊流成因。不同岩相发育规模差别较大,从累计厚度和发育频次上看,St、Sp规模最大。砂岩岩相可构成良好储层,St储层质量最好,其次为Sp、Sc,但Sp、Sc的发育规模远大于St,综合认为在实际勘探中Sp、Sc是重力流储层最有利的勘探目标。     

渤海湾盆地沙河街组钙质超微化石古生态及沉积环境

渤海湾盆地沙河街组中钙质超微化石的发现,表明这一时期渤海湾盆地与海水有过联系。对钙质超微化石古生态及沉积环境研究表明,化石主要产出时代为始新世晚期至渐新世早中期,属“间冰期”亚热带气候型。这一问题的深入研究,对于渤海湾盆地的石油勘探有重要意义。     

珠江口盆地东沙隆起的沉降史及其动力机制

根据东沙隆起及其周围钻井资料的一维构造沉降对比分析,结合前人在基底、盖层及断裂等方面的研究,将东沙隆起地区的构造演化分为5个阶段:自垩纪挤压阶段、古新世-早渐新世伸展断陷阶段、早渐新世末期抬升剥蚀阶段、晚渐新世-中新世快速的裂后沉降阶段、晚中新世以来断块升降阶段.认为下地壳高速层是促使早渐新世末期抬升剥蚀的重要因素,而...     

共反射面元叠加技术在南海北部莺—琼盆地中的应用

随着莺—琼盆地油气勘探开发的不断深入,2 700 m以下的中深层地震资料品质迫切需要提高,而改善信噪比提高成像质量则是需要深入研究的重点内容之一。基于共反射面元(CRS)叠加在改善中深层地震资料信噪比方面具有理论和技术应用优势,由于考虑了反射层的局部特征和第一菲涅耳带内的全部反射,对复杂地质问题的适应性得以增强,真正实现了高信噪比叠加,从而改善中深层低信噪比区的成像质量。通过理论研究分析、模型试处理及莺—琼盆地实际地震资料处理中具体的应用与试验,取得了明显的效果,即该区中深层地震资料信噪比显著增强,大大提高了解释的可靠程度。总之,共反射面元叠加技术在莺—琼盆地具有较高的推广应用价值。     

Nutrient maximums related to low oxygen concentrations in the southern Canada Basin

The phenomenon of nutrient maximums at 70～200 m occurred only in the region of the Canada Basin among the world oceans. The prevailing hypothesis was that the direct injection of the low-temperature high-nutrient brines from the Chukchi Sea shelf (＜50 m) in winter provided the nutrient maximums. However, we found that there are five problems in the direct injection process. Formerly Jin et al. considered that the formation of nutrient maximums can be a process of locally long-term regeneration. Here we propose a regeneration-mixture process. Data of temperature, salinity, oxygen and nutrients were collected at three stations in the southern Canada Basin during the summer 1999 cruise. We identified the cores of the surface, near-surface, potential temperature maximum waters and Arctic Bottom Water by the diagrams and vertical profiles of salinity, potential temperature, oxygen and nutrients. The historical 129Ⅰ data indicated that the surface and near-surface waters were Pacific-origin, but the waters below the potential temperature maximum core depth was Atlantic-origin. Along with the correlation of nutrient maximums and very low oxygen contents in the near-surface water, we hypothesize that, the putative organic matter was decomposed to inorganic nutrients; and the Pacific water was mixed with the Atlantic water in the transition zone. The idea of the regeneration-mixture process agrees with the historical observations of no apparent seasonal changes, the smooth nutrient profiles, the lowest saturation of CaCO3 above 400 m, low rate of CFC-11 ventilation and 3H-3He ages of 8～18 a around the nutrient maximum depths.     

Structure and tectonic evolution of the Southern Eurasia Basin, Arctic Ocean

Multichannel seismic reflection data acquired by Marine Arctic Geological Expedition (MAGE) of Murmansk, Russia in 1990 provide the first view of the geological structure of the Arctic region between 77–80°N and 115–133°E, where the Eurasia Basin of the Arctic Ocean adjoins the passive-transform continental margin of the Laptev Sea. South of 80°N, the oceanic basement of the Eurasia Basin and continental basement of the Laptev Sea outer margin are covered by 1.5 to 8 km of sediments. Two structural sequences are distinguished in the sedimentary cover within the Laptev Sea outer margin and at the continent/ocean crust transition: the lower rift sequence, including mostly Upper Cretaceous to Lower Paleocene deposits, and the upper post-rift sequence, consisting of Cenozoic sediments. In the adjoining Eurasia Basin of the Arctic Ocean, the Cenozoic post-rift sequence consists of a few sedimentary successions deposited by several submarine fans. Based on the multichannel seismic reflection data, the structural pattern was determined and an isopach map of the sedimentary cover and tectonic zoning map were constructed. A location of the continent/ocean crust transition is tentatively defined. A buried continuation of the mid-ocean Gakkel Ridge is also detected. This study suggests that south of 78.5°N there was the cessation in the tectonic activity of the Gakkel Ridge Rift from 33–30 until 3–1 Ma and there was no sea-floor spreading in the southernmost part of the Eurasia Basin during the last 30–33 m.y. South of 78.5°N all oceanic crust of the Eurasia Basin near the continental margin of the Laptev Sea was formed from 56 to 33–30 Ma.     

Sources and hydrothermal alteration of organic matter in Quaternary sediments: A synthesis of studies from the Central Gulf of California

Deep sea drilling in the Central Gulf of California, a young and active spreading centre, shows that the high heat flow typical of these regions causes extensive alteration of sediment organic matter, especially near sills and above magma chambers where hydrothermal activity is concentrated. Even on the nearby passive margin, where there are no sills, heat flow is moderately high and hydrocarbon generation has begun in immature sequences. Migrating light hydrocarbons are detected especially where hydrothermal activity is concentrated. Thermogenic methane is more widespread, though not in the passive margin bordering the spreading centre. Despite the incidence of hydrocarbon generation and migration, the amounts of hydrocarbons involved are relatively small and apparently do not lead to commercially significant accumulations of petroleum.The organic matter in these sediments is mostly marine because the Gulf of California generally has low runoff from land and highly productive surface waters. Turbidites rich in terrigenous organic material are locally abundant in the mainly pelagic section in the Guaymas Basin. The highest concentrations of organic matter are found in laminated diatomites deposited on the Guaymas passive margin within the oxygen minimum zone.     

Native aluminium (spherules and particles) in the Central Indian Basin sediments: Implications on the occurrence of hydrothermal events

We have sampled particles of native aluminium (Al°) in two sediment cores from the Central Indian Basin (CIB). The cores are geographically separated but are located at the base of two seamounts. The native Al° particles occurring as grains and spherules, have an average Al content of  95% and are associated with volcanogenic–hydrothermal material. Morphologically and compositionally, the specimens are similar to those reported from the East Pacific Rise. After ruling out several processes for the presence of the native Al°, we hypothesize that during progressive melting of magma, a basaltic magma is produced which has high contents of reductants such as methane and hydrogen, and a low oxygen fugacity. During the upward migration of such magma, reduction to metallic aluminium and the formation of native Al° particles takes place.