华北克拉通辽东半岛新元古代早期基性岩浆活动:辉绿岩墙年代学和岩石地球化学证据

华北克拉通辽东半岛地区广泛发育侵位于青白口系不同层位中的辉绿岩(脉)岩墙,对其锆石CL图像、U--Pb定年和岩石地球化学特征研究得出以下结论。锆石类型有三组:前两组锆石具有早期岩浆作用的锆石属性或结晶基底的变质锆石属性,反映该区辉绿岩岩浆上升过程受到了陆壳的混染;第三组锆石多呈自形--半自形短柱状,发育岩浆振荡生长环带结构或条带结构,具原生岩浆成因锆石属性,锆石SHRIMP U--Pb定年显示其加权平均年龄为832.3±8.1 Ma(n=14,MSWD=1.3),可以代表辉绿岩的结晶年龄。岩石地球化学组成,其具有低Si O_2、Al_2O_3,高TFe_2O_3、MgO、Ti O_2的特征,这与拉斑玄武岩特征相似;其稀土元素总量相对较低(ΣREE=71.88×10~-6~129.64×10~-6),且具弱的正Eu异常和铌亏损;略富集轻稀土元素(LREE)、富集大离子亲石元素(LILE:Rb、Pb、Ba)和高场强元素(HFSE:Th、U、Zr、Ti、Hf),而亏损高场强元素(HFSE:Nb、Sm、Gd、P)等;以上特征指示岩浆源区为富集型地幔,且上侵位就位过程中受陆壳不同程度的同化混染。本文对辉绿岩的研究显示华北克拉通辽东半岛地区在新元古代早期存在基性岩浆活动,结合前人对华北克拉通中元古代晚期—新元古代早期构造--岩浆事件的研究成果,进一步证明了华北克拉通东北部在新元古代早期经历了挤压汇聚后的伸展裂解演化过程,这与Rodinia超大陆聚合和裂解事件一致。     

西页1井龙潭组海陆过渡相页岩含气性分析

目前,国内外在海陆过渡相页岩含气性方面的相关研究较少。位于贵州省毕节地区黔西县境内的页岩气参数调查井西页1井揭示了黔西北地区上二叠统龙潭组海陆过渡相黑色碳质页岩发育特征及其含气性特点。通过有机地球化学实验,获取了西页1井的有机地化参数:TOC含量分布范围为0.4%~17.85%,平均值为4.25%;Ro分布范围为2.68%~3.48%,平均值为3.06%。钻、录、测井资料分析显示该井钻遇上二叠统龙潭组富有机质页岩层系厚度为148.85m,在钻进过程中,共有6层出现气显示。利用测井资料、现场解吸和等温吸附实验数据分析和计算,认为龙潭组海陆过渡相页岩含气页岩层段多,具有良好的吸附能力,得到总含气量为1.40~19.60m3/t。通过以上结果分析表明:西页1井所揭示的上二叠统海陆过渡相龙潭组含气页岩具有层段数量多、单层厚度小、有机质分段富集、热演化成熟度偏高等特点,且含气性较好,故该区海陆过渡相龙潭组地层具有较大的页岩气资源潜力。     

Reconsideration of the age of blueschist facies metamorphism on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska, based on phengite 40Ar/39Ar results

Abstract ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar step-heating and single-grain laser fusion ages from phengites from the polydeformed and polymetamorphosed blueschist-greenschist facies Nome Group fall into two groups. Samples from the upper part of the structural section that have experienced a relatively weak metamorphic and deformational post-blueschist facies overprint and one sample from the Cape Nome orthogneiss yield plateau ages of 116-125 Ma. More intensely overprinted samples yield hump-shaped spectra with minimum ages of 123 Ma and maximum ages of 334 Ma. Samples with hump-shaped spectra are derived from a greater structural depth than most samples with plateau ages. Unreasonably old maximum ages from some of the disturbed spectra suggest that the hump-shaped spectra result from the incorporation of excess ⁴⁰Ar. This interpretation conflicts with previous interpretations of similarly disturbed spectra from the Brooks Range, which have been argued to provide minimum ages for blueschist facies metamorphism. Since the maximum temperatures achieved by all samples were probably above the blocking temperature of Ar in phengite, the 116-125 Ma plateau ages are a minimum age for blueschist facies metamorphism on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska.     

雷州半岛人工增雨研究与应用

通过对雷州半岛云水资源气候分布、云的宏观动力学和微观物理学、降水形成机制、人工增雨机制、冷云催化剂与暧云催化剂、播云方式与催化方法的研究和对外场试验的总结，表明：雷州半岛空中具有丰富的云水资源。有暖云降水机制、冷云降水机制和混态云“播种一供水”降水增强机制。人工增雨可进行静力催化和动力催化，使用的冷云催化剂为冰核和致冷剂，暖云催化剂为吸湿性巨核。适宜的人工增雨作业工具为飞机、火箭、地面蚶丙酮溶液燃烟发生器、气球携带AgI焰弹、增雨炮艇等。37高炮不适宜在雷州半岛使用。     

乔治王岛菲尔德斯半岛的地温特征和岩石热物理性质

1985—1986年度和1986—1987年度在菲尔德斯半岛对地面温度进行了测量,共获得129个数据,并对带回的样品进行了岩石热导率测量,共获得210个数据。本文在分析和归纳这些数据的基础上对菲尔德斯半岛的地温特征和岩石热物理性质进行了初步探讨。     

Fluid evolution in the Rushan lode gold deposit of Jiaodong Peninsula, eastern China

The Rushan gold deposit in the Jiaodong Peninsula is currently the largest lode gold in China. Gold occurs mainly in pyrite- and polymetallic sulfide–quartz vein/veinlet stockworks. Fluid inclusions in the deposit are divided into three main types, namely CO₂–H₂O, H₂O–CO₂ ± CH₄ and aqueous ones. Microthermometric data show that the pre-gold fluids were CO₂-dominant (X_CO2 up to 0.53), and the total homogenization temperatures fall in the range of 298377 °C. These fluids, modified by fluid/wallrock reactions, gradually evolved into fluids with less CO₂ (X_CO2 = 0.010.19) in the main ore-forming stage, and the total homogenization temperatures range from 170 to 324 °C. Hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope data suggest that ore-forming fluids were mixture of magmatic and meteoritic origin. Co-occurrence of gold and sulfides implies that gold was most likely transported in the form of gold–sulfide complexes. The wide distribution of CO₂ inclusions means that the pH variation during gold transportation was controlled by CO₂ buffering.     

山东半岛典型冷涡暴雪个例对流云及风场特征的观测与模拟

利用卫星云图、 多普勒天气雷达资料、 常规观测资料和MM5模式模拟结果, 分析了2005年12月4日典型冷涡造成山东半岛暴雪的云带变化、 对流单体的生成与发展、 低空急流特征及雷达强回波带的变化特征。结果表明： 冬季冷涡携带强冷空气南下, 经过渤海暖湿下垫面后影响山东半岛时, 卫星云图上从渤海到山东半岛可以清楚地分析出造成暴雪的西南-东北向结构特征的横向云带; 雷达图上, 在渤海到山东半岛形成一强降雪回波带, PPI径向速度图上可清楚地分析出暴雪区的低空急流和中尺度对流的低空辐合, 雷达径向速度垂直剖面反映暴雪产生在零速度线附近和低空急流的存在; MM5模式模拟结果显示： 暴雪发生时山东半岛在1.5 km存在低空急流, 水平风的时间-高度垂直剖面反映暴雪发生时干冷空气经过暖湿的渤海海面在700 hPa以下出现暖平流, 垂直上升运动和散度的低层辐合、 高层辐散与雷达图像反映的强降雪回波是相对应的。     

IMPACTS OF TWO TROPICAL CYCLONES EXPERIENCING EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION DURING NORTHWARD PROGRESSION ON THE RAINFALL OF LIAODONG PENINSULA

Both of Typhoon Winnie (9711) and Matsa (0509) underwent an extratropical transition (ET) process when they moved northward after landfall and affected Liaodong Peninsula. However, Matsa produced half as much rainfall as Winnie, although it struck Liaodong Peninsula directly while Winnie passed through the Bohai Sea. The relations between the ET processes and the precipitation over Liaodong Peninsula are examined. The result shows that the precipitation difference between Winnie and Matsa was closely related to the interactions between the westerly systems and typhoons during their ET processes. Winnie was captured by the upper westerly trough and then coupled with it when moving to the mid-latitudes, and the positive anomaly of moist potential vorticity (MPV) was transported downward from the upper troposphere over the remnant circulation of the tropical cyclone (TC). It was favorable to the interaction between tropical warm and wet air and westerly cold air, causing convective cloud clusters to form and develop. The rain belt composed of several meso-β cloud clusters over the Liaodong Peninsula, resulting in heavy rainfall. On the other hand, Matsa did not couple with any upper trough during its ET process and the positive anomaly of MPV in the upper troposphere and its downward transfer were weak. Only one meso-β cloud cluster occurred in Matsa’s rain belt during its ET process that tended to lessen rainfall over Liaodong Peninsula.     

Rainfall yield characteristics of electrical storm observed in the Spanish Basque Country area during the period 1992–1996

This paper is focused on the study of rainfall yield characteristics of electrical storms observed over the Northern Iberian Peninsula during 1992–1996. To this aim Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) method have been used. The SOM method is a group of artificial neural networks based on the topological properties of the human brain. Results clearly suggest that there exist three different meteorological patterns that are linked to the characteristics of electrical events found in the study area. In winter, most of the electrical events are formed under oceanic advection (NW air fluxes). On these cases, mean rainfall yield estimates reach values of 700 10⁴ m³ per cloud to ground lightning flash (CG flash). During summer most frequent electrical storms are associated to local instability shooting by surface heating with advection of humidity coming from the Iberian Peninsula. Under these meteorological situations, rain is scarcer if compared with oceanic events but lightning CG counts reach the maximum values found in the area (about 10 CG counts per 20 × 20 km² and day) giving this way the smallest rainfall yield with a mean value of 15 10⁴ m³ per CG flash. Iberian air fluxes associated with cold air in upper parts of the atmosphere represent the third meteorological pattern found. This pattern is most common in spring and autumn but is not unusual in the rest of the seasons. In those cases mean rainfall yield in the area is about 150 10⁴ m³ per CG flash. In all electrical episodes K instability index is greater than 15 °C but in the most lightning producing events, this index reaches in the area values greater than 24 °C. PCA results pointed out that there exists a relationship between rain and CG counts expressed by the first principal component computed from standardized data. However, we must notice that no event is solely linked to this axis, since a seasonal influence which decreases lightning production when rain increases is always present. Results found are of great interest for short term forecasting of flashfloods in mountainous areas like the Spanish Basque Country region.