从重力异常探讨威宁地区深部地质构造

从1：20万布格重力异常分离出来的剩余重力异常和水平梯度重力异常为主要研究对象,结合威宁地区的地质、物化探、遥感资料,揭示该区深部存在8条断裂,火山机构1个,基性-超基性侵入岩体1个。     

黔西南部分矿集区环境背景

黔西南是金、锑、汞、砷、煤矿集中分布区,汞、砷在土壤中背景值高于一般土壤的20倍,汞高出14～5000倍,属于高砷、汞、氟环境背景区,由于矿业活动不合理,加剧了区内土壤、水体污染,存在砷、汞、氟等环境污染隐患。     

西北干旱区水资源约束下城市化过程及生态效应研究的理论探讨

城市化是西北干旱区实现小康目标的必由之路,然而最大的自然障碍因素是水资源严重短缺。现实的城市化与水资源及生态环境保护之间存在着各种矛盾与胁迫。从城市化过程及其生态效应研究的重要性出发,透过对国内外研究进展的分析与评述,把水资源作为西北干旱区先决约束条件。提出了水资源约束下西北干旱区城市化过程及其生态效应的研究思路,包括选择水资源变化过程与城市化过程之间相互胁迫的驱动因子,揭示水资源变化对城市化过程的胁迫机制与规律;分析城市化过程引起的与水相关的生态效应;建立城市化过程及其生态效应预警指标体系。对不同强度水资源约束下城市化过程进行动态预警和情景分析;选择最节水的城市化发展模式和建设节水型城镇体系等。进而为加快西北干旱区城市化发展进程、改善干旱区生态环境、实现小康目标提供科学的决策依据。     

贵州从江-黎平地区锰矿地质特征及找矿潜力分析

贵州从江-黎平地区锰矿产于南华系大塘坡组第一段黑色岩系中。通过对从江-黎平地区开展地质调查工作,查明该区含锰岩系分布于朝里向斜及寨柳向斜,区内两个已知矿床八当锰矿和高增锰矿即位于朝里向斜。文章系统阐述了从江-黎平地区锰矿成矿地质背景、含锰岩系特征、锰矿床地质特征,对该区南华纪大塘坡期锰矿成因进行了探讨研究,并总结了区内锰矿成矿规律,在此基础上,结合野外地质调查成果,对该区锰矿找矿潜力进行了分析,认为朝里向斜南部具一定找矿潜力。     

贵州罗甸玉矿区滑石矿的发现及其成因探讨

罗甸滑石矿是贵州首次发现的白滑石矿,矿体呈似层状、透镜状产于辉绿岩体与围岩的接触带内,与罗甸玉共生。罗甸滑石为低铝、低铁质矿石,MgO含量接近滑石的理论值,结晶细、质纯、白度高,具有较高的开发利用价值,填补了贵州没有优质滑石矿的空白。罗甸滑石矿与罗甸玉矿的地质背景及其空间产出部位相同,并且具有相似的稀土元素组成及配分模式,揭示二者为相同成因,属于接触交代型矿床。     

贵州黔东南坑头蚀变岩型金矿的发现及意义

坑头金矿位于贵州黔东南金矿带,前人对该金矿带石英脉型金矿进行了广泛研究,认为深部可能有蚀变岩型金矿存在,但都未证实。近期经综合研究,在坑头金矿施工钻孔发现坑头金矿的深部存在蚀变岩型矿体,含金量最高达6. 65 g/t。蚀变岩型金矿矿石中金的赋存状态以裂隙金为主,主要载金矿物为毒砂。硅化蚀变及断层与金矿化关系密切,金矿体位于硅化蚀变发育的构造破碎带中。目前,黔东南金矿的开采目标多为300 m以浅的石英脉型金矿体,因此该发现对黔东南地区金矿深部勘查工作具有重要意义。     

贵州省松桃县桃子坪隐伏超大型锰矿床地质特征及潜力分析

贵州松桃桃子坪超大型锰矿床是华南南华纪武陵锰矿成矿带中松桃寨英-西溪堡(Ⅳ级)地堑盆地中发现的第二个超大型"大塘坡式"锰矿床,与亚洲最大的松桃普觉超大型锰矿紧邻,位于西溪堡(Ⅳ级)地堑盆地北西侧的渗漏喷溢中心相-过渡相-边缘相。矿体埋深9202 000 m,为全隐伏锰矿床。含锰岩系厚度15. 70 91. 00 m、锰矿体厚度1. 07 14. 58 m。含锰岩系与锰矿体空间展布的长轴方向呈狭长带状沿北东约65°方向展布,与地表北东向的燕山期构造存在约40°夹角。目前该锰矿床北东和南西侧矿体均未圈边,还存在较大的锰矿找矿潜力。     

Heating duration of igneous rim formation on a chondrule in the Northwest Africa 3118 CV3oxA carbonaceous chondrite inferred from micro-scale migration of the oxygen isotopes

Due to their common occurrence in various types of chondrites, igneous rims formed on pre-existing chondrules throughout chondrule-forming regions of the solar nebula. Although the peak temperatures are thought to reach similar values to those achieved during chondrule formation events, the heating duration in chondrule rim formation has not been well defined. We determined the two-dimensional chemical and oxygen isotopic distributions in an igneous rim of a chondrule within the Northwest Africa 3118 CV3_oxA chondrite with sub-micrometer resolution using secondary ion mass spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy. The igneous rim experienced aqueous alteration on the CV parent body. The aqueous alteration resulted in precipitation of the secondary FeO-rich olivine (Fa_40–49) and slightly disturbed the Fe-Mg distribution in the MgO-rich olivine phenocrysts (Fa_11–22) at about a 1 μm scale. However, no oxygen isotopic disturbances were observed at a scale greater than 100 nm. The MgO-rich olivine, a primary phase of igneous rim formation, has δ¹⁷O = −6 ± 3‰ and δ¹⁸O = −1 ± 4‰, and some grains contain extreme ¹⁶O-rich areas (δ¹⁷O, δ¹⁸O = ∼−30‰) nearly 10 μm across. We detected oxygen isotopic migration of approximately 1 μm at the boundaries of the extreme ¹⁶O-rich areas. Using oxygen self-diffusivity in olivine, the heating time of the igneous rim formation could have continued from several hours to several days at near liquidus temperatures (∼2000 K) in the solar nebula suggesting that the rim formed by a similar flash heating event that formed the chondrules.     

Dynamic Relationship Between Entrainment Rate and Summer Monsoon in the Transition Area of Monsoon in the East of Northwest China

Entrainment rate refers to the ratio of surrounding air quality to air quality involved in rising unit distance, including turbulent entrainment and dynamic entrainment, which are applied to the boundary layer parametrization of convective clouds, the improvement of numerical model, the observation of cloud droplet spectral dispersion and the study of tropical cyclones.Based on the daily data at 07:00 and 19:00 every 10 m of five stations such as Minqin, Yuchong, Pingliang, Yinchuan and Yan'an from May to September during 2006-2016, combined with the daily observation data on the ground, the Entrainment Rates(ER) of different heights were calculated, and the relationships between ER and height in different regions, precipitation as well as monsoon during the monsoon period were further obtained. The main results were as follows:\mathrm{①} The ER was proportional to air temperature and saturated water vapor pressure, but inversely proportional to relative humidity. The relative humidity threshold of cloud was 65%. The higher the relative humidity threshold was, the lower the cloud height of different orders of precipitation was, and the cloud height was higher with the increase of rainfall. \mathrm{②}ER had obvious diurnal changes and regional differences: It was obviously smaller at 07:00 than at 19:00 from ground to 3 km, which weakened with the increase of height in the near surface , but strengthened with the increase of height above 500 m; From small to large, the monsoon affected area, the monsoon swing area and the non-monsoon area were in turn, and there was no regional difference above 3 km. \mathrm{③} ER was closely related to the intensity and property of precipitation in monsoon period. The ER weakened with the enhancement of rain intensity from near ground to below 600 m, but strengthened with the enhancement of rain intensity from 500 m to 2~3 km.From near ground to below 700 m, the ER of stable precipitation was strong, but that of convective precipitation was strong above 700 m. The convective precipitation had big saturated water vapor pressure and strong ER , while the stable precipitation had big saturated water vapor density, rich water vapor but weak ER. \mathrm{④}The relationship between ER and monsoon as well as its duration: From no monsoon to monsoon ER was weakened, the strongest maximum height was also decreasing. There was no significant difference in the duration of ER between the non-monsoon area and the monsoon affected area, but the longer the monsoon swing area lasted in the near ground layer, the smaller the ER was, while the opposite was at 1~2 km in the high altitude. \mathrm{⑤}The relationship between ER and the APO monsoon intensity index showed that: At 07:00, the ER strengthened with height from near ground to below 800 m, but weakened with height above 800 m,and the monsoon intensity was not related to the ER. At 19:00, the ER strengthened with the height near ground but weakened with the height above 300 m, and the stronger the monsoon was, the smaller the ER was. The ER weakened with the decrease of boundary layer height.     

黔西北福来厂铅锌矿床构造成生发展及其控矿作用

福来厂铅锌矿床位于黔西北垭都—蟒硐铅锌成矿带西南部,夹持于天桥与猫猫厂两个铅锌矿床之间,矿床（体）分布严格受构造控制。运用矿田地质力学理论和方法,对福来厂铅锌矿区进行大比例尺构造剖面精测和典型的控矿构造力学性质鉴定以及不同方向断裂、褶皱构造筛分,研究认为自印支晚期—喜马拉雅期以来该区主要经历了三期构造活动,其主压应力方向分别经历了北西向→北东向→近东西向的转变过程,认为矿床的导矿、配矿、容矿构造分别为矿区棋盘格式构造、北东向断裂（倾向北西）与北西西向断裂及其下盘背斜翼部的层间断裂带,此外,矿区存在北西向（倾向北东）破矿构造,明显切割、错移矿体,控制着矿体的空间定位。综合上述,文章在总结了构造控矿规律的基础上,建立了该矿床成矿构造体系,为找矿勘查和矿床成因研究奠定了基础。