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91.
Pb and Th in settling particles in the western Northwest Pacific Ocean: Particle flux and scavenging
A mooring of three conical time-series sediment traps was deployed at two sites in the western Northwest Pacific Ocean for 9 months. Total mass fluxes and activities of 210Pb and 230Th were determined for the settling particles to elucidate their scavenging and transport processes. Sediment samples also were analyzed for 210Pb activities. Total mass fluxes, 210Pb fluxes and 230Th fluxes showed large seasonal variations and their weighted mean fluxes tended to increase with depth, with an especially large increase near-bottom. The ratios of the observed 210Pb fluxes to the 210Pb deficiency fluxes in the upper traps at the two sites were only 0.02 and 0.12, and were attributable to advective export of 210Pb from the surface waters. Those ratios in the near-bottom traps ranged between 1.22 and 2.63. This suggests that these high ratios are due to effective particle scavenging, large lateral 210Pb import and input of resuspended particles that have not become incorporated into the sediments. The mean total 230Th fluxes at the near-bottom traps were 4.2–6.7 times higher than that expected from production in the overlying water column. The 210Pb activities in the surficial sediments were much lower than those in the near-bottom traps. The 210Pb accumulation rates estimated from the excess 210Pb inventory in the sediment column were 40–70% higher than the mean 210Pb fluxes at the near-bottom traps. The ratios of the 210Pb accumulation rates to the 210Pb deficiency fluxes at the near-bottom traps ranged between 2.0 and 3.7. The high fluxes of particulate 210Pb and 230Th at the near-bottom traps reflected a combination of enhanced scavenging of dissolved nuclides and the lateral redistribution of particulate matter by downslope and alongshore transports. However, it was not possible to discriminate among the various processes contributing to high nuclide fluxes. 相似文献
92.
分析了西北水资源的特点,就生态环境用水、生态环境治理以及植树造林与沙漠治理等西部开发中的突出问题提出了一些认识。指出:西北开发必须以水为度,充分考虑区域水资源的承载能力;保护和改善西北地区生态环境的基本途径是偿还已被人类逐步夺占而本该属于自然生态系统的那一部分水源。 相似文献
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论西北地区生态环境建设问题与战略 总被引:9,自引:7,他引:9
分析评价了西北地区生态环境的基本现状,指出了影响生态环境改善的最大制约因素。在反思了过去生态环境建设的教训的基础上,提出了西北地区生态环境建设的目标。分析了当前大规模的生态环境建设中面临的亟待研究和解决的有关问题,并指出对这些问题的有效解决有助于构建生态建设的科学和社会支撑体系。最后,提出了生态建设和保护的若干对策建议。 相似文献
98.
赣西北修水—永修地区滑脱构造的基本特征 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
赣西北修水-永修地区的盖层系统中具备多层次、多级别滑脱构造,本文重点阐述了该滑脱构造的基本特征,并对其形成时代及形成了探讨,认为该区早期属于挤压体制,晚期则属于伸展状态下的重力滑脱体制,并提出印支-燕山期板块碰撞寺形差异及九岭山体不对称挤压是诱发滑脱构造形成的主要因素。 相似文献
99.
Fabrizio Eva 《GeoJournal》2001,52(4):295-301
Discussion of the future of Europe continues to be a marginal political issue, partly because of the resistance of states, on both the practical (bureaucratic) and conceptual levels, created by the government leaders and heads of state. In turn, the nation-states are challenged from within by independent and separatist movements that have laid bare the fundamental hypocrisy of rhetorical discussions of the principle regarding the self-determination of peoples; interfering with states (and their borders) has proven to be a taboo for Europe. The growing flexibility of the globalised economy should be paralleled by a growing flexibility in the conception of the division and political organisation of territory, but this is not the case. Further inflexibility stems from the socio-economic inequity that we accept in our daily lives as normal, in particular as regards inequality in the use and division of territory. Equality, or better egaliberté (equality and liberty), is a sufficiently dynamic and flexible concept to be taken as a point of reference in envisaging the society, Europe, and world of tomorrow. It is only through the concept of egaliberté that we can imagine a Europe based on relations between regions that are conceived and organised on multiple scales and not as region-nations conceived on the basis of ethnicity or in the name of supposed cultural homogeneity. 相似文献
100.
Murphy Sarah J. Washington Richard Downing Thomas E. Martin Randall V. Ziervogel Gina Preston Anthony Todd Martin Butterfield Ruth Briden Jim 《Natural Hazards》2001,23(2-3):171-196
One of the most promising developments for early warning of climate hazards is seasonal climate forecasting. Already forecasts are operational in many parts of the tropics and sub-tropics, particularly for droughts and floods associated with ENSO events. Prospects for further development of seasonal forecasting for a range of climatichazards are reviewed, illustrated with case studies in Africa, Australia, the U.S.A. and Europe. A critical evaluation of the utility of seasonal forecasts centres on vulnerability, communicationchannels, and effective responses. In contrast to short-term prediction, seasonal forecasts raise new issues of preparedness and the use of information. 相似文献