中国北方几种灌丛群落表土花粉与植被关系研究

中国北方20个典型灌丛群落主要花粉类型的百分比与植被盖度关系表明:除蒿及沙棘外,其它灌丛群落中,优势植物种的花粉百分比多低于20%。灌木花粉对植被的指示性研究表明:皂荚花粉为适中代表性类型,对植被指示明显。苦豆子、霸王柴、荆条、四合木、锦鸡儿、鼠李、绣线菊、虎榛子、榛、白刺、柽柳、柳等为低代表性类型(R值低于0.3),对植被有一定的指示意义;沙棘、蒿属、藜科花粉为超代表性类型(R值高于1或O值高于0.5),对植被也只有一定的指示意义。虎耳草科、豆科花粉对植被指示意义不明显。     

农村电子商务与产品多样化影响因素探究——基于浙江淘宝村的实地调研分析

论文基于浙江省282个淘宝村的实地调研数据,从产品的垂直多样化和水平多样化2个方面衡量淘宝村抓住电子商务机遇并实现路径创造的能力,分析了电子商务对农村产品多样化的提升程度,并通过普通最小二乘法(ordinary least square, OLS)模型、空间计量模型构建淘宝村产品多样化的影响因素模型并分析其作用机制,以期弥补电子商务产业演化方面理论研究和经验分析的不足,同时为乡村经济发展与转型的实践提供建议与参考。研究表明：① 淘宝村产品多样化的提升情况呈现两极分化的趋势,垂直多样化和水平多样化的提升程度大致相同;② 浙江省淘宝村的产品多样化提升程度的空间集聚特征明显,产品垂直多样化提升程度的高值聚集点主要位于临安、湖州、慈溪、余姚等地,产品水平多样化提升程度的高值聚集点则位于杭嘉湖区域以及慈溪、余姚等县市,水平多样化提升程度和垂直多样化提升程度的低值聚集点都主要位于义乌市;③ OLS模型显示产品垂直多样化提升程度与产品深化加工及政策的支持情况呈显著正相关;④ 空间误差模型显示产品水平多样化的提升与机械化操作水平呈显著正相关,但电商协会的建立却逆向促进了产品水平多样化提升程度。     

Comparison of Methods for Evaluating the Forage-livestock Balance of Alpine Grasslands on the Northern Tibetan Plateau

Livestock grazing is one of primary way to use grasslands throughout the world, and the forage-livestock balance of grasslands is a core issue determining animal husbandry sustainability. However, there are few methods for assessing the forage-livestock balance and none of those consider the dynamics of external abiotic factors that influence forage yields. In this study, we combine long-term field observations with remote sensing data and meteorological records of temperature and precipitation to quantify the impacts of climate change and human activities on the forage-livestock balance of alpine grasslands on the northern Tibetan Plateau for the years 2000 to 2016. We developed two methods: one is statical method based on equilibrium theory and the other is dynamic method based on non-equilibrium theory. We also examined the uncertainties and shortcomings of using these two methods as a basis for formulating policies for sustainable grassland management. Our results from the statical method showed severe overgrazing in the grasslands of all counties observed except Nyima (including Shuanghu) for the entire period from 2000 to 2016. In contrast, the results from the dynamic method showed overgrazing in only eight years of the study period 2000-2016, while in the other nine years alpine grasslands throughout the northern Tibetan Plateau were less grazed and had forage surpluses. Additionally, the dynamic method found that the alpine grasslands of counties in the northeastern and southwestern areas of the northern Tibetan Plateau were overgrazed, and that alpine grasslands in the central area of the plateau were less grazed with forage surpluses. The latter finding is consistent with field surveys. Therefore, we suggest that the dynamic method is more appropriate for assessment of forage-livestock management efforts in alpine grasslands on the northern Tibetan Plateau. However, the statical method is still recommended for assessments of alpine grasslands profoundly disturbed by irrational human activities.     

二叠系长兴阶全球界线层型剖面和点位

二叠系乐平统长兴阶底界全球界线层型和点位(GSSP)确立在我国浙江长兴煤山D剖面长兴灰岩的下部、4a-2层之底,以牙形石演化序列Clarkina longicuspidata-C.wangi中C.wangi的首现为标志。该点位位于长兴组底界之上88cm处,与长兴期特征的■类化石Palaeofusulina sinensis和大巴山菊石类的首次出现层位一致。界线层的碳同位素存在明显的负漂移,正磁极性带出现在吴家坪晚期的反极性带之上。在煤山D剖面以西300m处的C剖面出露较多的龙潭组地层,清晰地反映出龙潭组—长兴组连续的沉积序列,被列为辅助层型剖面。     

浙江省近岸海域表层沉积物重金属分布特征及地球化学分区

对浙江省近岸海域305个表层沉积物中7种重金属的地球化学特征及主要影响因素进行了分析研究,并进行了地球化学分区。结果表明,研究区表层沉积物中7种重金属(As、Cd、Hg、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn)基本上具有相同或相似的分布规律,高值区主要分布在椒江口、乐清湾、温州湾及瑞安—苍南沿海;杭州湾为低值集中分布区;象山港,璇门湾出现部分低值。其中,As、Cd、Hg和Pb在所有站位均未超标;Cr有218个站位超国家一类标准,占全区的71.5%,2个站位超国家二类标准,占全区的0.7%;Cu有90个站位超国家一类标准,占全区的29.5%;Zn有2个站位超国家一类标准;水动力条件、沉积物物质来源和沉积物类型是影响沉积物重金属含量分布的主要因素;通过R型因子分析法,将整个研究区划分为3个地球化学子区,Ⅰ区为As、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn元素组合类,Ⅱ区为Hg类,Ⅲ区为Cd类。     

浙江晚泥盆世的石松类(Lycopodiales)化石

本文描述了萧山虎山和长兴泗安晚泥盆世地层中的石松类化石,共有6个属9个种,其中包括1个新属和3个新种,分别:SpinolepidodendronhangzhouenseGen.etsp.nov,SublepidodendronXianshanensesp.nov,Eolepi-dodendronhushanensesp.nov.。认为浙江晚泥盆世植物化应归于以Leptopnloeumrhombicum-Sublepidodendronxi-aoshanense—Xihuphyllummegalofolium为代表的组合。     

广东南雄盆地的"南雄层"和"丹霞层"

本文沿用263地质队资料,将南雄红层底部出现的第Ⅰ沉积旋回划为松山组;重新厘定了南雄群的含义,阐明其间各岩石地层单位顶、底界线标志;沿用罗佛寨群;指出不必用丹霞群(组)表示南雄盆地边缘相的粗碎屑岩层,并认为丹霞盆地的丹霞组相当于南雄盆地的园圃组下段,建议南雄盆地弃用丹霞群(组)一名.在此基础上提出,粤北地区白垩系-古近系岩石地层序列是由松山组,南雄群(园圃组、主田组、浈水组),罗佛寨群(上湖组、浓山组、古城村组)组成.     

Ecological thresholds of phytoplankton community across environmental gradients in the harmful algal blooms-frequently-occurring,subtropical coastal waters,East China Sea

Phytoplankton communities can response immediately and directly to environmental changes,and thus have been applied as reliable biotic indicators in aquatic systems.This study provided insights into the relationships concerning ecological thresholds of phytoplankton communities and individual taxon in response to environmental changes in coastal waters of northern Zhejiang Province,East China Sea.Results demonstrated that there existed seasonal variations of phytoplankton community ecological thresholds of which spring being higher than those in summer.As for individual species,Prorocentrum donghaiense and Noctiluca scintillans were identified as the most tolerant and sensitive indicator species in spring and summer,respectively.They exhibited strong indications in response to environmental changes.These findings highlighted that phytoplankton community structure in this region was stable when environmental gradients were below the thresholds of sensitive species,whereas potential harmful algal blooms may occur when environmental gradients exceeded the thresholds of tolerant species.     

近40年5-6月东北亚和北半球其他区域阻塞高压活动特征及其联系

基于美国环境预报中心/国家大气研究中心(NCEP/NCAR-Ⅰ)再分析资料,按照国际通行的阻塞高压(阻高)定义,采用计算机自动识别和天气图人工主、客观相结合的检测方法,获得了1979—2018年5月和6月逐日北半球中高纬度阻高活动的无缝隙分布;并利用线性相关和信息流因果关系等统计方法,研究了东北亚(鄂霍次克海)阻高与北半球其他阻高活动区特征及其联系。根据阻高活动集中程度与占北半球活动总天数的百分比,选定8个5月阻高主要活动区和10个6月阻高主要活动区。从统计结果来看,5月北太平洋、北美和乌拉尔山阻高活动占前3位,6月东北亚阻高活动天数跃升第1位。值得注意的是,初夏在贝加尔湖以南、青藏高原以北地区出现了明显的阻塞形势,称为青藏高原北阻高。5月和6月北半球各阻高活动中心集中的纬度分布,自西向东具有"正弦波"特征,其主要活动区引起的同期北半球500 hPa高度场的异常虽不尽相同,但均具有一定的遥相关特征;5月和6月东北亚阻高活动天数的年际变化分量具有明显的相对独立性。5月东北亚阻高是6月贝加尔湖阻高活动年际变化的稳定影响源,是6月青藏高原北阻高活动年际变化的不稳定影响源;唯有5月北太平洋阻高...     

A 38-Year Climatology of Explosive Cyclones over the Northern Hemisphere

Explosive cyclones(ECs) over two basins in the Northern Hemisphere(20°-90°N) from January 1979 to December2016 are investigated using ERA-Interim and Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature(OISST) data. The classical definition of an EC is modified considering not only the rapid drop of the central sea level pressure of the cyclone, but also the strong wind speed at the height of 10 m in which maximum wind speeds greater than 17.2 m s^-1 are included.According to the locations of...