Mercury concentrations in the fur of steller sea lions and northern fur seals from Alaska

We compared total mercury (THg) concentrations in the fur of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) from the depleted Pribilof Islands population with those of both declining and thriving populations of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) from Prince William Sound (PWS) and Southeast Alaska (SEA), respectively. Relatively low wet weight concentrations (ranges) of THg were detected in the fur of Steller sea lion (SSL) pups (0.90-3.14 microg/g) and juveniles (0.56-6.75 microg/g) from both areas in 1998 and 2000 compared to northern fur seal (NFS) pups (3.15-8.14 microg/g) in 2000. The mean concentration +/- SD for SSLs sampled were 1.46 +/- 0.64 microg/g for pups (n = 22) and 2.74 +/- 2.89 microg/g for juveniles (n = 6). Analyses indicated higher THg concentrations from SSL pups from PWS compared to the SEA. Mean +/- SD. THg in the NFS pups was 4.90 +/- 1.42 microg/g (n = 34) and for post-partum dams was 7.84 +/- 1.78 microg/g (n = 12).     

鄂北—豫南地区榴辉岩相岩石变质作用演化特征

鄂北－豫南地区榴辉岩相变质岩石类型多样,其野外产状和岩石化学特征反映了原地变质成因。根据区域地质及榴辉岩相变质岩石的野外产状,结合榴辉岩中石榴石绿辉石的Ｆｅ２＋－Ｍｇ互换温度计所计算出的峰期变质温度,将本区榴辉岩分为两类,一类为中温榴辉岩,产于晚太古界—早元古界大别群,为Ｂ类榴辉岩,由绿帘角闪岩相岩石进变质形成。榴辉岩相变质作用分为两阶段,首先为柯石英榴辉岩相阶段,其峰期变质条件为Ｔ＝６００℃～７００℃,Ｐ＝２．７～３．０ＧＰａ,然后近等温降压,出现蓝闪石等含水矿物,为蓝闪石榴辉岩相阶段,此时水活度在榴辉岩相变质过程中起着重要作用;另一类为低温榴辉岩,产于中元古界七角山组,为Ｃ类榴辉岩,由蓝片岩相岩石进变质形成,其峰期变质条件为Ｔ＝４９０℃～５６０℃,Ｐ＜１．５ＧＰａ。中温榴辉岩与低温榴辉岩具有不同的变质作用特征。最后讨论了本区高压变质带的成因演化。     

波阻抗反演在南海北部神狐海域天然气水合物勘探中的应用

针对神狐海域的地质构造和天然气水合物的赋存特征,以重点测线三维地震数据为基础,分析讨论了基于宽带约束的模拟退火波阻抗反演方法、流程和关键技术问题,定量获得了含天然气水合物沉积物的波阻抗特征。结果表明:基于宽带约束的模拟退火波阻抗反演数据具有较高的有效垂向分辨率和较好的横向连续性;神狐海域高波阻抗异常反映了含天然气水合物沉积层,而不连续异常低波阻抗层是水合物层之下游离气的表现,这与钻探结果吻合。由此可见,基于宽带约束的模拟退火波阻抗反演可为天然气水合物层识别和预测、勘探目标圈定、钻探井位选择提供重要依据。     

中国北方盐田和盐湖高盐水域藻类的初步研究

于１９８６年３月－１９９０年９月，对中国北方一些盐田和盐湖的高盐水域（盐度６１．０－３２０．０）中的藻类（主要是浮游藻）进行调查。在青岛东风盐场和天津汉沽盐场每月２次定点采集藻类标本水样７２份以及随机在山西解地、青海尕海，新疆达板城盐湖和巴里坤湖采集水样５份。鉴定出蓝藻５种，绿藻８种，硅藻８种。结果表明，均是典型的耐盐或喜盐种类，但其种的多样与水体的盐度呈负相关，藻类种群生物量以春季和秋季最为丰富     

Fault geometry and mechanics of marly carbonate multilayers: An integrated field and laboratory study from the Northern Apennines,Italy

Sealing layers are often represented by sedimentary sequences characterized by alternating strong and weak lithologies. When involved in faulting processes, these mechanically heterogeneous multilayers develop complex fault geometries. Here we investigate fault initiation and evolution within a mechanical multilayer by integrating field observations and rock deformation experiments. Faults initiate with a staircase trajectory that partially reflects the mechanical properties of the involved lithologies, as suggested by our deformation experiments. However, some faults initiating at low angles in calcite-rich layers (θ_i = 5°–20°) and at high angles in clay-rich layers (θ_i = 45°–86°) indicate the important role of structural inheritance at the onset of faulting. With increasing displacement, faults develop well-organized fault cores characterized by a marly, foliated matrix embedding fragments of limestone. The angles of fault reactivation, which concentrate between 30° and 60°, are consistent with the low friction coefficient measured during our experiments on marls (μ_s = 0.39), indicating that clay minerals exert a main control on fault mechanics. Moreover, our integrated analysis suggests that fracturing and faulting are the main mechanisms allowing fluid circulation within the low-permeability multilayer, and that its sealing integrity can be compromised only by the activity of larger faults cutting across its entire thickness.     

冀北-辽西地区侏罗纪土城子组的时代归属

土城子组的时代归属存有分歧.目前主要有5种观点：①中侏罗世晚期-晚侏罗世早期;②晚侏罗世早期;③晚侏罗世;④晚侏罗世-早白垩世;⑤早白垩世.根据侏罗纪年代地层学的研究现状,综合生物地层、磁性地层及同位素年代学的资料,认为土城子组的时代应为中侏罗世晚期-晚侏罗世早期（Callovian-Oxfordian）.土城子组的同位素年龄在147~136 Ma之间.     

Use of the magnetic,geochemical, and sedimentary records in establishing paleoclimate change in the environment of Sebkha: Case of the Sebkha Mhabeul in southeastern Tunisia

In this study, we explored the evidence of late Holocene climate changes in southern Tunisia, examining extreme events of flood and sandstorm sedimentary succession records, in Sebkha Mhabeul. A sediment-derived climatic proxy was inferred from a 93.5-cm-deep core (Mh1), whose dating by tephrochronology has already been achieved in previous works. Multiple geochemical, sedimentological, magnetic susceptibility, and quartz grain microtexture proxies were used to determine the shifts in regional climatic conditions. The Sebkha core captured sensitive changes in the precipitation/evaporation (P/E) balance by adjustments in salinity, and is especially valuable for reconstructing variability over centennial timescales. The Sebkha Mhabeul area showed higher salinity during the Roman Warm Period (RWP: 2100–1400 cal yr BP), the Medieval Warm Period (MWP: 1000–600 cal yr BP) and the present era, and generally lower salinity during the Dark Ages (DA: 1400-1000 cal yr BP) and the Little Ice Age (LIA: 600-200 cal yr BP).In southeastern Tunisia, the hydrological behavior was sometimes consistent with the flood activities in the eastern Mediterranean, and sometimes contemporaneous with the flood pulsations of the western Mediterranean.     

新疆北部降水的气候分布特片及其对ENSO的响应

分析研究了新疆北部地区近50年（1951-2000年）全年各月降水的气候分布特征和各季降水的年际变化规律，重点揭示了北疆多雨季节（4-7月）及其各月降水量对赤道东太平洋的海温SST和南方涛动指数SOI的显著响应关系，并用前期SST和SOI作为预报因子，建立了北疆地区雨季水量的预报方程。该方程可用于北疆地区雨季降水量的长期预报。     

柴北缘骆驼泉剖面新生代地层磁组构特征及其构造意义

青藏高原东北部新生代构造演化对理解高原隆升和变形模式具有重要意义, 而目前对于该地区挤压应力方向转变过程仍存在很大争议.本文对柴北缘逆冲带北西部骆驼泉剖面新生代地层开展系统磁组构(本文特指磁化率各项异性)研究, 以揭示该地区挤压应力方向的转变特征.系统岩石磁学结果表明, 骆驼泉剖面新生代样品中主要磁性矿物是顺磁性组分和赤铁矿以及少量磁铁矿.通过对磁组构特征分析及其与古水流方向对比表明, 骆驼泉剖面新生代地层磁组构主要为初始变形磁组构, 可用于指示沉积成岩时期的挤压应力方向.磁组构结果揭示, 骆驼泉地区挤压应力方向在上干柴沟组下部沉积时期为NNE-SSW向, 而上干柴沟组上部和油砂山组沉积时期转变为NE-SW向.结合柴北缘逆冲带已有磁组构结果指出, 该地区早期N-S向或NNE-SSW向挤压应力可能与印度—欧亚板块早新生代以来近N-S向碰撞挤压过程有关, 指示印度—欧亚碰撞的挤压应力自下干柴沟组下部沉积时期就已传播至高原东北部地区; 而后期NE-SW向挤压应力方向与该地区现今GPS揭示的上地壳运动方向一致, 可能与该时段高原东北部巨型走滑断裂构造体系(尤其是阿尔金断裂)有关.此外, 柴北缘逆冲带新生代挤压应力方向转变在其北西部起始于上干柴沟组下部沉积时期, 而南东部起始于上油砂山组下部沉积时期, 与地震反射剖面揭示的断裂活动等地质证据共同揭示柴北缘逆冲带新生代的构造活动自靠近阿尔金断裂的北西部向南东部传播和扩展.综合分析青藏高原东北部地区挤压应力方向转变和其他地质证据发现, 挤压应力方向转变显示出自柴北缘逆冲带北西部向东、西和南向扩展特征, 与阿尔金断裂在上干柴沟组下部-上油砂山组下部沉积时期剪切应力集中于断裂本身, 而上油砂山组下部沉积以来开始散布于高原东北部内部地区的两阶段走滑活动相关.