明末清初我国测绘科技的人文社会背景分析——传教士与中国测绘科技的发展

通过对我国明末清初测绘科技的回顾 ,分析了明末清初西方传教士来华传教及科技交流对我国测绘科技的影响 ,对当时我国测绘科技发展的人文环境和社会背景做了深入探究 ,例举了清初我国与传教士合作开展全国地图测绘的全过程、取得的成果和使用的方法 ,在此基础上深入分析了这一时期测绘科技的辉煌成就及其因后期的“闭关主义”政策和“天朝中心说”的自大守旧等人文背景和文化传统及科技政策的失误所造成的诸多历史遗憾。     

Studies of Cainozoic environmental change in Tasmania and coastal East Antarctica: a review

Observational studies on Cainozoic environmental changes in both Tasmania and East Antarctica have led to important modifications in the accepted interpretation of the history of glaciation for each area. Many contributors have played an important role in the processes of investigation leading to the present state of knowledge. A crucial role has been played by the integration of the methods of glacial geomorphology, stratigraphy, sedimentology and dating methods. From studies based on combinations of these approaches, a model of multiple glaciations has been developed to explain observed features in Tasmania. This model is complemented by studies of vegetation history, largely through pollen analysis. A less complete picture of the history of ice‐sheet fluctuations in East Antarctica is beginning to emerge from similar applications of cross‐disciplinary studies.     

The History of Archaeological Research in North East Greenland: Putting the GeoArk Project into Perspective

Geografisk Tidsskrift—Danish Journal of Geography 110(2):117–129, 2010

Starting with a brief presentation of the GeoArk Project and its goals, this paper focuses on the archaeological research history of North East Greenland, in particular the area of Sabine Ø and Clavering Ø, in order to view the current project in a wider context. The paper questions the myths about the ‘virgin’ land and it demonstrates how a number of expeditions, activities of professional hunters and trappers, and geopolitical matters in dispute between Denmark and Norway during the 1930s dramatically determined the quite ill fortune of the archaeological sites and monuments of the Thule culture in the study area.     

晋西北地区末次盛冰期古风成砂的发现及环境演化

野外调查中在晋西北地区首次发现了马兰黄土中的古风成砂沉积，其机械组成主要是极细砂和细砂，而且具有明显的风成交错层理等特征。结合年代资料和孢粉分析，认为古风成砂形成于２７０００～１００００ａＢ．Ｐ．间的末次冰期盛冰期，当时晋西北地区是干旱荒漠－干草原景观，气候寒冷干燥，风的地质作用成为控制该区环境变化的主要动力因素，沙漠化土地迅速扩展或沙漠大范围地南侵，说明该区土地沙漠化过程至少在晚更新世晚期就已断续存在     

Reappraisal of the ‘Cullenstown Formation’: Implications for the Lower Palaeozoic tectonic history of SE Ireland

The structurally attenuated greenschist facies metasedimentary succession at Cullenstown Strand in south Co. Wexford comprises three formations which in stratigraphic order are (1) the Quartzite Formation, (2) the Greywacke/Quartzite Formation, and (3) the Greywacke Formation. The entire sequence is inverted and lies within the lower limb of a large scale overturned D1 anticlinal structure that closes towards the southeast. The three formations are lithologically and sedimentologically similar to the Shelmaliere Quartzite, the Cullentra Greywacke, and Newtown Greywacke Formations of the Bray Group in the Forth Mountain - Ferrycarrig area that probably lie on the normal limb of the D1 structure. The Cullenstown strata are therefore considered to be part of the Bray Group in southeast Leinster, and hence Cambrian in age. The rocks were affected by three major phases of deformation. D1 produced an overturned anticline containing an important tectonic slide. The D1 structures are modified by upright D2 and D3 structures, but from regional considerations it is argued that D1 is restricted to strata of Cambrian to Lower Ordovician age in southeast Leinster. A model for the tectonic evolution of the southeastern part of the Leinster Basin during Cambro-Ordovician times is presented and discussed. In this model, the southeast margin of the Leinster Basin was delineated by a mylonite zone along the northwest margin of the Precambrian Rosslare Complex. Bray and Ribband Group sediments close to the margin were deformed during the Llanvirn as a consequence of basin inversion which caused shortening and thrusting of the basin fill across the Rosslare block. The D1 compressional structures were subsequently modified during a period of extension, marked by the resumption of sedimentation and outbreak of voluminous volcanicity near the basin margin during the Llandeilo and Caradoc. The D2 and D3 structures in the Bray and Ribband Groups are an expression of later Caledonian deformation.     

藏北中侏罗世遗迹化石Tisoa Serres的发现及其环境意义

遗迹化石TisoaSeres国内尚无报导,70多块遗迹化石Tisoa标本见于藏北羌塘地区中侏罗统色哇组。本文对所采集的Tisoa标本作了详细的研究,Tisoa通常由紧靠的圆柱状平行潜穴管组成,单一潜穴管直径2～7mm间,两栖管间距1～4mm,外部由锥形或圆柱形钙质结核所包围,钙质结核直径10～25mm。保存完好的标本表明Tisoa为两个潜穴管底部相连的“Ｕ”形管,大多数只含两个平行潜穴管的标本实际上只是保存的一个“Ｕ”形管的上部。在大多数Tisoa管壁通常发育不规则的黄铁矿层或一微晶方解石薄层;栖管中常充填微晶和亮晶方解石以及黄铁矿、云母及泥质和石英。一般认为Tisoa是一种节肢动物潜穴。沉积环境分析,产Tisoa的沉积环境为正常浅海环境。     

基于多源空间数据的鲁中北五湖近100年变化分析

北五湖系鲁中黄河以南自北向南分布的一系列湖泊,分别为安山湖、马踏湖、南旺湖、蜀山湖和马场湖。近100年来,北五湖陆续淤废,目前,除安山湖、马场湖尚有残存外,其他诸湖悉数消亡。作者收集了北五湖地区1907年测绘地图、成像于1954年的航片、成像于1975年的MSS遥感影像、分别成像于1987年、2001年的TM遥感影像以及成像于2005年的SPOT5 XS遥感影像等6个时段的数据。对其进行了几何纠正与配准、图像镶嵌等预处理,通过目视解译和遥感分类等手段提取了该地区6个时期的北五湖空间分布数据。根据北五湖6个不同时段的空间展布特征,分析了近100年以来北五湖消亡的幅度、速度和时间等特征,并在此基础上初步探讨了北五湖消亡的原因。     

过去2000年温度集成重建研究:进展与展望

过去2000年气候变化研究是全球气候变化研究的核心内容,不仅可以提供20世纪气候增暖的自然背景,也是最终揭示20世纪气候变暖机理并预估未来气候变化趋势的关键途径,是国际大型计划（如PAGES,过去全球变化研究计划）的优先研究时段。近20多年来,特别是近几年,随着代用资料的不断积累和气候重建方法的改进和发展,过去2000年大尺度气候重建研究取得了长足发展,在区域和北半球气候集成重建方法,年际、年代、百年乃至千年时间尺度上的气候时空变化特征和机制,及最近几十年气候增暖的历史地位等方面的研究均取得了重要科学认识,形成了现代气候增暖机理和未来气候趋势预估的科学基础。本文主要从方法学、研究历史回顾和现阶段形成的科学认识等3个方面论述过去2000年气候变化研究取得的成就,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。