北桐柏地区镁铁质麻粒岩锆石U-Pb年代学及变质作用

对北桐柏地区镁铁质麻粒岩变质锆石进行LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年,获得了418.7±3.2Ma的谐和年龄。详细的岩石学、矿物学研究表明,桐柏地区镁铁质麻粒岩遭受过较强的部份熔融,其变质峰期温压条件为~845℃,~0.85GPa。根据Zr的溶解度模型进行部分熔融模拟计算,发现在峰期变质条件下,熔体中Zr不饱和,在冷却到750~800℃时Zr才达到饱和;同时锆石Ti含量温度计也给出了750℃左右的结晶温度。这些表明418.7Ma记录的并不是麻粒岩峰期变质年龄,而是峰期后冷却到750~800℃左右的年龄,麻粒岩的峰期变质年龄可能为430~445Ma左右。部分锆石边部具明显增生边,相对核部的变质锆石区域CL发光性强,且普通Pb含量高,U-Pb定年结果为404.7±6.5Ma,该年龄反映了404Ma左右的一次退变质作用。大量研究表明,沿中央造山带存在一次十分强烈的加里东期板块构造事件,期间的大陆俯冲碰撞或岛弧-大陆碰撞导致大陆壳充分加厚,北桐柏地区的高温麻粒岩相变质作用很可能发生在碰撞加厚的地壳基底。     

塔里木盆地北部坳陷寒武系烃源岩特征及热演化史模拟

寒武系烃源岩是塔里木盆地北部地区海相油气最为主要的来源,长期以来—对这套烃源岩发育特征研究多停留在全盆地或单一区块分析,给油田资源评价带来了诸多不确定性.利用野外露头和新井钻探取心,在分析寒武纪沉积环境及构造格局基础上,总结北部凹陷寒武系烃源岩的发育及分布特征,对所采样品选取多参数进行评价,然后通过盆地模拟软件模拟寒武...     

中国海相油气田勘探实例之十三塔里木盆地东河塘海相砂岩油田勘探与发现

东河塘油田位于新疆库车县,构造上隶属于塔里木盆地塔北隆起轮台凸起东河塘断裂构造带,是我国发现的第一个高产高丰度海相砂岩油田,它的发现是中国海相砂岩油气勘探理论和实践的一次重大突破。油田发现于1990年7月,至1994年探明石油地质储量3323.13×104t,天然气地质储量15.5×108m3,至2009年底累计产原油825.75×104t。石炭系东河砂岩油藏是东河塘油田的主体,其储层东河砂岩段是一套滨岸相砂体,具有厚度巨大、埋深大、储集性能好的特点;其油藏类型为块状底水背斜油藏,产能高,储量丰度高。论述了东河塘油田勘探与发现的历程,剖析了取得勘探成功的实践认识与意义。     

Connections Between Different Types of El Ni~no and Southern/Northern Oscillation

It has long been acknowledged that there are two types of El Ni(n)o events,i.e.,the eastern Pacific El Ni(n)o (EE) and the central Pacific El Ni(n)o (CE),according to the initial position of the anomalous warm water and its propagation direction.In this paper,the oceanic and atmospheric evolutions and the possible mechanisms of the two types of El Ni(n)o events were examined.It is found that all the El Ni(n)o events,CE or EE,could be attributed to the joint impacts of the eastward advection of warm water from the western Pacific warm pool (WPWP) and the local warming in the equatorial eastern Pacific.Before the occurrence of CE events,WPWP had long been in a state of being anomalous warm,so the strength of eastward advection of warm water was much stronger than that of EE,which played a major role in the formation of CE.While for the EE events,most contribution came from the local warming of the equatorial eastern Pacific.It is further identified that the immediate cause leading to the difference of the two types of El Ni(n)o events was the asynchronous variations of the Southern Oscillation (SO) and the Northern Oscillation (NO) as defined by Chen in 1984.When the transition from the positive phase of the NO (NO+) to NO- was prior to that from SO+ to SO-,there would be eastward propagation of westerly anomalies from the tropical western Pacific induced by NO and hence the growth of warm sea surface temperature anomalies in WPWP and its eastward propagation.This was followed by lagged SO-induced weakening of southeast trade winds and local warming in the equatorial eastern Pacific.These were conducive to the occurrence of the CE.On the contrary,the transition from SO+ to SO- leading the transition of NO would favor the occurrence of EE type events.     

Mineralogical and Geochemical Constraints on the Genesis of the Carbonate‐Hosted Jebel Ghozlane Pb–Zn Deposit (Nappe Zone,Northern Tunisia)

The Pb–Zn deposit at Jebel Ghozlane, in the Nappe zone (northern Tunisia), is hosted by Triassic dolostones and Eocene limestones and is located along faults and a thrust‐sheet boundary. The sulfide mineralization of the deposit consists mainly of galena and sphalerite and occurs as vein, stockwork, breccia, dissemination and replacement ores. Three hydrothermal stages are involved in the formation of the ores: stage I is dominated by celestite‐barite, hydrothermal dolomite DII, colloform sphalerite, and galena I; stage II consist of galena II; and stage III contains calcite. Galena in the deposit yielded average ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios of 18.705, 15.667 and 38.734, respectively, suggesting a single upper crustal source reservoir for metals. Trace element data indicate the presence of Zn‐ and As‐free galena and As‐rich galena (with 0.2–0.5% As). Sphalerite contains 0.4% As, 0.7–0.9% Cd and 0.1–1.5% Fe. Microthermometric analysis of fluid inclusions in celestite shows that the deposit formed from fluids composed of heterogeneous mixtures of saline (19.5 ± 1 wt% NaCl eq.) aqueous solutions sourced from basinal brines, and gaseous CO₂‐rich phases bearing low amounts of CH₄, N₂ and/or H₂S, at temperatures of 172 ± 5°C.     

考虑楼板作用的SRC柱-钢梁混合框架动力时程分析

为了解楼板空间作用对型钢混凝土(SRC)柱-钢梁混合框架抗震性能的影响,利用有限元软件ABAQUS分别建立带有楼板和不带楼板的两跨三层SRC柱-钢梁框架,选取2组天然波和1组人工波对其进行弹塑性分析,对比2种框架结构的型钢应力分布、混凝土板损伤、层间相对位移角以及框架基底剪力,分析楼板在结构抗震中的影响规律。结果表明:增加楼板可以有效增加框架抗侧刚度,最大可使层间位移角降低38.7%;同时可以减小核心区梁端塑性区域的面积,减缓型钢上翼缘应力发展速度;而且楼板的存在可使最大基底剪力提升60.7%,有利于减小结构损伤和提高抗震性能。     

柴北缘石炭系克鲁克组泥页岩岩相特征与沉积环境分析

柴北缘石炭系克鲁克组发育了一套厚层富有机质细粒沉积岩,是研究区页岩气勘探的主力层系。克鲁克组泥页岩形成于陆表海沉积环境,与深海富硅质泥页岩和湖相富碳酸盐泥页岩具有显著差异,目前研究程度相对较低,因此对其开展岩相与沉积环境研究具有十分重要的沉积学与油气地质学意义。通过野外露头和岩心观察,薄片鉴定、X射线衍射分析等技术,以区分标志明显、易于识别为主要原则,综合矿物组成、沉积构造、化石组合及其他混入物等因素,将柴北缘石炭系克鲁克组泥页岩划分出10种主要岩相类型,分别指示不同的沉积微环境。其中,煤岩、水平层理碳质黏土岩、透镜状层理粉砂质黏土岩、波状层理黏土质粉砂岩、脉状层理粉砂岩均属于潮坪沉积;富含菱铁矿结核的块状黏土岩为潟湖沉积;块状泥灰岩和块状生屑灰岩属碳酸盐台地沉积;而含介壳粉砂型泥岩和介壳型泥岩则属于潟湖与局限台地之间的过渡沉积,具有原地混积的特点。由于陆表海平缓的古坡脚,致使区内沉积体系受短期海平面升降变化影响显著,随滨线快速迁移,不同沉积环境的泥页岩在垂向上频繁叠置,交互出现,可总结出3种主要的岩相组合类型,分别形成于局限台地相潟湖相潮坪相组合,局限台地相潟湖相组合和局限台地相生物碎屑浅滩相组合。在泥页岩的岩相类型、特征、沉积环境及垂向演化序列研究的基础上,最终建立了陆表海泥页岩沉积模式。     

南海北部地震危险性分析

在建立了比较可靠的南海北部地震目录以后,采用编制中国地震动参数区划图（2001）的方法,重新划分了南海北部海域的潜在震源区和调整了相关的地球物理参数,最终计算了南海北部海域50年超越概率10％的地震动峰值加速度。南海北部的地震动峰值加速度可分成东部高值区和西部低值区。东区的地震动峰值加速度在0．160g以上,西区大部分海域的地震动峰值加速度小于0．114g,并且与它们北侧的陆区大致相似。     

胶东夏甸金矿床构造-热历史: 成岩-成矿年代学与磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学综合约束

胶东是全球唯一已知前寒武纪变质地体内的晚中生代巨型金成矿系统, 其成矿机制独具特色, 属胶东型金矿床成因新类型; 深入剖析该成矿系统的形成、变化与保存过程对丰富和完善金成矿理论具有重要意义。夏甸超大型金矿床位于胶东招平金矿带中南段, 赋存于晚侏罗世玲珑花岗岩和早白垩世郭家岭花岗岩中, 是一典型的胶东型金矿床; 该矿床成岩-成矿时代已有精确限定, 但其精细演化过程与成矿后变化-保存尚缺乏有效约束, 是开展矿床形成与隆升剥蚀研究的理想选择。因此, 本文通过成岩-成矿年代学与磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学综合约束该矿床的构造-热历史, 揭示其主控因素, 提高对该成矿系统的认识, 为深部找矿潜力评价提供支撑。本次获取的锆石U-Pb定年结果显示玲珑花岗岩和郭家岭花岗岩分别于151.7±2.1Ma(2σ)和125.8±1.6Ma(2σ)侵位。区域已有黑云母和白云母⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar年龄表明玲珑岩体侵位后缓慢冷却, 并发生韧性变形; 郭家岭花岗岩则经历了同岩浆韧性变形和快速冷却; 约于124Ma两者均冷却至350±50℃, 区域发生韧脆性变形转换。夏甸金矿床与载金矿物共生的热液绢云母⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar和热液独居石U-Pb年龄表明, 该区于约120Ma发生大规模脆性构造活动和金成矿作用。本文利用采自夏甸金矿床-652m中段532巷道中包括主控矿断层上、下盘经历不同变形程度的7件岩/矿石样品进行磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)分析。除遭受异常热事件影响的主断裂上盘次级断层断层泥样品外, 其余6件样品AFT中值年龄在32.5±1.7Ma(1σ)至23.6±2.9Ma(1σ)之间, 其径迹长度平均值低于14μm(范围为12.0±0.3μm~13.8±0.3μm)、为单峰分布、并略具负偏斜特征, 表明该矿床大致在32~23Ma单调缓慢通过磷灰石裂变径迹部分退火带(125~60℃)。综合区域已有热年代学资料与上述锆石U-Pb、AFT数据, 重建了夏甸金矿床自赋矿玲珑和郭家岭花岗岩侵位以来的构造-热演化历史, 计算出自120Ma金成矿至今该矿床平均冷却和剥蚀速率分别为1.8℃/Myr和0.059km/Myr, 总剥蚀量约为7km, 对比前人对胶西北地区整体剥蚀程度与深部成矿潜力的定量评估以及目前~1.5km的钻孔最大见矿深度, 推断其深部找矿潜力良好。