Rockfall hazard in the Daisekkei Valley, the northern Japanese Alps, on 11 August 2005

This paper describes a rockfall event in the Daisekkei Valley of Mount Shirouma-dake (2,932 m), the northern Japanese Alps. The rockfall occurred on a steep cliff comprising well-jointed felsites and produced debris of ≥8,000 m³. Most debris was deposited on an elongated snowpatch located immediately beneath the cliff, and it caused casualties among people who were trekking along a trail on the snowpatch. Additionally, a large rock block slipped 1 km on the snowpatch. The rockfall could have been due to the differential retreat of the rockwall, which contains areas of high- and low-density joints. Seasonal and diurnal freeze–thaw activities and snow avalanches and wash appear to be important factors responsible for the retreat. Although some rock blocks that can collapse further remain on the rockwall, the position of the mountain trail in the Daisekkei Valley is fixed. Fundamental reform of tourism systems for climbers, including education on natural hazards, is required.     

Comment on “Is there a paleolimnological explanation for ‘walking on water’ in the Sea of Galilee?”

In a recent paper, Nof et al. (J Paleolimnol 35:417–439, 2006) suggest a physical mechanism which could account for the formation of ice on Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee) in northern Israel. Based on the sea surface temperature record of sediment cores from the Mediterranean Sea the authors argue that centennial-scale cold events had the potential to trigger local ‘springs ice’ formation on the lake in the past. Here, we demonstrate that a closer inspection of the paleoceanographic record in combination with correlation and regression analyses of meteorological data provides no evidence for such cold events in the lake region during the last 10,000 years. Thus, the formation of ‘springs ice’ on Lake Kinneret was unlikely at least since the beginning of the Neolithic.     

北秦岭地带断裂活动性氡气测试成果分析评价

采用断层气体测试方法, 对北秦岭地带主要断裂及其活动性进行了测试, 首次提出了该区断裂活动性测氡成果判别的相对标准。进而对区内典型的氡气测试成果剖面作了解释分析, 并判别了断裂 (带)的相对活动强弱与活动水平等有关断裂活动性问题。最后, 简要地探讨了在北秦岭地区未来可持续发展中断裂 (带)对其模式及格局的影响。     

粤北大沟谷热水沉积钠长石岩岩石化学及稀土元素

大沟谷含金钠长石岩带上为层状下为脉状产于震旦系乐昌峡群片岩中,主要由钠长石岩及碳酸盐岩组成。钠长石岩多为块状及条带状构造。钠长石岩和片岩化学成分不同,钠长石岩相对富集Al₂ O₃ 、TiO₂ 、MnO、Na₂O、P₂O₅,而贫Fe₂O₃ 、FeO、MgO、CaO、K₂ O。在主要氧化物组成的直角坐标图上,钠长石岩和片岩位于不同的区域及具不同的变化趋势。钠长石岩稀土元素含量较低,在 12.5 6× 10 -6～ 5 5.6 6× 10 -6之间,具较低的La/Yb(1.82～ 6.42 )、La/Sm(0.96～ 2.99)、Gd/Yb(0.99～ 2.71)比值,较大的δEu异常范围 (0.41～ 0.8),弱的δCe异常。钠长石岩地质产状特征及稀土元素特征表明其主要是热水沉积形成的。     

镜铁山式含铜条带状铁建造的地质特征及成因讨论

通过时空展布规律，沉积建造特征，含铜性及地球化学参数的研究分析，认为北祁连西段含铜带状铁建造为元古宙大陆裂谷环境下，幔源岩浆活动间隙期的热水沉积作用产物，其内预富集的成矿元素Cu应主要来源于下伏的基性火山岩。     

塔里木北部地区岩石物性参数测试和区域层滑系统的确定

为了定量地研究塔里木北部地区区域的层次结构．拆离构造，特别是同油气地质、圈闭构造密切相关的沉积盖层中的层滑倾滑和推覆滑覆等各种构造的形成机制，对该区沉积盖层进行了较系统的岩石物性和岩石力学标本采集和测试（包括三轴参照实验）．依其参数结构特点和地质、物探资料，划分出４套７层区域性层滑系统，并与研究程度较高的中、下扬子区的物性参数、岩性组合和构造特征进行综合对比．最后还进一步阐明了塔里木北部地区特征的前列式冲断构造和含油气局部构造等，均受到这７层区域层滑系统的制约．     

北半球50条山地冰川近期的物质平衡状况

近期北半球大多数山地冰川的物质平衡为负,冰川普遍退缩,表明北半球气候暖化的趋势.由于区域气候波动和变化的差异性以及冰川对气候变化的敏感性(响应程度)的不同,北半球山地冰川在普遍退缩的背景下具有鲜明的区域特征.     

影响大兴安岭焚风的几个因子*

本文借助二维大气中尺度数值模式,讨论了我国东北地区1月份大兴安岭东坡的焚风与山区地形形状的关系,并定性地绘出了该焚风现象生消的背景条件。     

藏北高原D110点不同季节土壤温度的日变化特征

利用１９９８年ＧＡＭＥ－Ｔｉｂｅｔ加强观测期间取得的一个年周期的土壤温度资料,对藏北高原Ｄ１１０点土壤温度日变化特征的月际变化进行了分析。结果表明,在夏半年（５－９）月土壤温度存在明显的日变化,且基本上按正弦曲线变化,但相位随深度的增加而滞后;冬半年土壤温度尽管也存在日变化,但变幅较小。     

昆仑山口西8.1级地震后青藏高原北部地区地震活动初步研究

利用相关震例分析了昆仑山口西8．1级地震后青藏高原北部地区未来1～3年地震活动特征．结果表明,沿东昆仑构造带及邻近地区发生Ms≥7．0地震后青藏高原北部地区中强地震活动有增强的趋势,祁连山地震带和东昆仑地震带的地震活动具有交替发生的特征,未来1～3年中强地震主体活动区为大型走滑活动断裂上应力转换部位和挤压会聚构造区,如东昆仑断裂带中东段和祁连山地震带中东段和西段。