全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4316篇 |
免费 | 993篇 |
国内免费 | 1888篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 32篇 |
大气科学 | 781篇 |
地球物理 | 1002篇 |
地质学 | 3802篇 |
海洋学 | 886篇 |
天文学 | 21篇 |
综合类 | 205篇 |
自然地理 | 468篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 38篇 |
2023年 | 110篇 |
2022年 | 188篇 |
2021年 | 191篇 |
2020年 | 191篇 |
2019年 | 253篇 |
2018年 | 224篇 |
2017年 | 202篇 |
2016年 | 246篇 |
2015年 | 248篇 |
2014年 | 310篇 |
2013年 | 323篇 |
2012年 | 317篇 |
2011年 | 317篇 |
2010年 | 272篇 |
2009年 | 345篇 |
2008年 | 322篇 |
2007年 | 345篇 |
2006年 | 322篇 |
2005年 | 266篇 |
2004年 | 246篇 |
2003年 | 240篇 |
2002年 | 229篇 |
2001年 | 189篇 |
2000年 | 189篇 |
1999年 | 169篇 |
1998年 | 144篇 |
1997年 | 136篇 |
1996年 | 136篇 |
1995年 | 83篇 |
1994年 | 93篇 |
1993年 | 68篇 |
1992年 | 51篇 |
1991年 | 42篇 |
1990年 | 44篇 |
1989年 | 27篇 |
1988年 | 19篇 |
1987年 | 16篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 11篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1954年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有7197条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
The zooplankton of oligotrophic lakes in North Patagonia is often dominated by mixotrophic ciliates, particularly Stentor amethystinus and Stentor araucanus. Therefore, we tested whether Stentor spp. (i) is an important food for juvenile endemic (Cheirodon australe, Galaxias maculatus, Odontesthes mauleanum, Percichthys trucha) and introduced (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fish species, and (ii) represents a remarkable grazer of bacteria. Ingestion rates of fish estimated by disappearance of Stentor in feeding experiments ranged between 8 (G. maculatus) and 53 (C. australe) ciliates per fish and day, and assimilation rates measured by using radioactively labelled Stentor ranged between 3 (P. trucha) and 52 (C. australe) ciliates per fish and day. However, although we detected the consumption of Stentor by fish, the daily consumption amounted to at most 0.2% of the fish biomass which can not cover the energy requirement of the fish. Furthermore, the daily consumption was equivalent to a maximum of 1.6% of the Stentor standing stock so that fish predation does not seem to be an important mortality factor for the ciliates. The clearance rate of Stentor sp. on natural bacteria was on average 3.8 μl cil−1 h−1. The daily ingestion (mean 3.9 ng C cil−1 d−1) was about 3.5% of the individual biomass of Stentor sp. Therefore, bacteria ingestion might explain a ciliate growth rate of appr. 1% d−1, which was about 17% of the photosynthesis of endosymbiotic algae. The maximum density of Stentor sp. in the lake could ingest about 1 μg C L−1 d−1 bacteria which is only 3% of average bacterial production. Thus, grazing by Stentor sp. does not seem to be a main loss factor for the bacteria. 相似文献
992.
993.
Suha Ozden Semir Over Kaan Sevki Kavak Serife Sevinc Inal 《Journal of Geodynamics》2008,46(1-2):48-62
This study defines the Late Cenozoic stress regimes acting around the Bolu Basin along the North Anatolian Fault in northwestern Turkey. The inferred regional stress regime, obtained from the inversion of measured fault-slip vectors as well as focal mechanism solutions, is significant and induces the right-lateral displacement of the North Anatolian Fault. The field observations have also revealed extensional structures in and around the Bolu Basin. These extensional structures can be interpreted as either a local effect of the regional transtensional stress regime or as the result of the interaction of the fault geometries of the dextral Duzce Fault and the southern escarpment of the North Anatolian Fault, bordering the Bolu Basin in the north and in the south, respectively.The inversion of slip vectors measured on fault planes indicates that a strike-slip stress regime with consistent NW- and NE-trending σHmax(σ1) and σHmin(σ3) axes is dominant. Stress ratio (R) values provided by inversion of slip vectors measured on both major and minor faults and field observations show significant variations of principal stress magnitudes within the strike-slip stress regime resulting in older transpression to younger transtension. These two stress states, producing dextral displacement along NAF, are coaxial with a consistent NE-trending σ3 axis. The earthquake focal mechanism inversions confirm that the transtensional stress regime has continued into recent times, having identical horizontal stress axis directions, characterized by NW and NE-trending σ1 and σ3 axes, respectively. A locally consistent NE-trending extensional, normal faulting regime is also seen in the Bolu Basin. The stress-tensor change within the strike-slip stress regime can be explained by variations in horizontal stress magnitudes that probably occurred in Quaternary times as a result of the westward extrusion of the Anatolian block. 相似文献
994.
华北及邻区地壳上地幔三维速度结构的地震走时层析成像 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
利用华北及邻区475个地震台站的区域地震走时资料,反演了该地区的地壳上地幔三维P波和S波速度结构。地震走时的计算用近似弯曲射线追踪方法,三维速度模型的反演用LSQR算法。用检测板方法对走时数据进行成像分辨率分析,结果表明反演模型在水平方向上以0.5°×0.5°的节点分布,垂直方向上以1km、10km、25km、42km、60km为节点作网格划分是合理的。研究区域内,秦岭—大别造山带两侧的华北块体与扬子块体有不同的速度异常特征:华北块体地壳速度结构复杂,而扬子块体则相对简单。华北块体地壳内存在较明显的低速异常,而扬子块体则正常或高速异常。自中新生代以来华北块体地壳经历挤压到伸展的强烈变形,而扬子块体相对稳定。华北块体的构造活动依然强烈,表现为频繁的地震活动。华北地块地壳速度结构的主要特征是:①主要构造带(如燕山构造带、太行山山前构造带、汾渭构造带、郯庐断裂带以及秦岭-大别构造带)位于地壳上地幔的低速或高低速过渡区内;②在唐山及附近地区25 km、42 km和60 km深处连续的低速异常,可能意味着上地幔热的物质上涌,到达上地壳的下部后停止上升过程。 相似文献
995.
Lawrence R. Zamoras Mary Grace A. Montes Karlo L. Queaño Edanjarlo J. Marquez Carla B. Dimalanta Jillian Aira S. Gabo Graciano P. Yumul Jr. 《Island Arc》2008,17(4):443-457
Alternating chert–clastic sequences juxtaposed with limestone blocks, which are units typical of accretionary complexes, constitute the Buruanga peninsula. New lithostratigraphic units are proposed in this study: the Unidos Formation (Jurassic chert sequence), the Saboncogon Formation (Jurassic siliceous mudstone–terrigenous mudstone and quartz‐rich sandstone), the Gibon Formation (Jurassic(?) bedded pelagic limestone), the Libertad Metamorphics (Jurassic–Cretaceous slate, phyllite, and schist) and the Buruanga Formation (Pliocene–Pleistocene reefal limestone). The first three sedimentary sequences in the Buruanga peninsula show close affinity with the ocean plate stratigraphy of the North Palawan terrane in Busuanga Island: Lower–Middle Jurassic chert sequences overlain by Middle–Upper Jurassic clastics, juxtaposed with pelagic limestone. Moreover, the JR5–JR6 (Callovian to Oxfordian) siliceous mudstone of the Saboncogon Formation in the Buruanga peninsula correlates with the JR5–JR6 siliceous mudstone of the Guinlo Formation in the Middle Busuanga Belt. These findings suggest that the Buruanga peninsula may be part of the North Palawan terrane. The rocks of the Buruanga peninsula completely differ from the Middle Miocene basaltic to andesitic pyroclastic and lava flow deposits with reefal limestone and arkosic sandstone of the Antique Range. Thus, the previously suggested boundary between the Palawan microcontinental block and the Philippine Mobile Belt in the central Philippines, which is the suture zone between the Buruanga peninsula and the Antique Range, is confirmed. This boundary is similarly considered as the collision zone between them. 相似文献
996.
北大别穹隆是在早白垩世造山后伸展活动中形成的。其北界为北西西走向、倾向北北东、正左行平移的晓天-磨子潭韧性剪切带,南界为北西走向、倾向南东、右行“逆冲”的五河-水吼韧性剪切带。通过对这两条剪切带的构造观测、运动学分析、石英C轴组构测量、变形温度分析及变形模拟,表明剪切带原先为中地壳同一近水平的韧性拆离剪切带。该拆离剪切带在原始近水平状态时的活动为上盘向280°方位的伸展运动。随后在大规模岩浆活动与北大别穹隆的隆升中,这一剪切带被动地抬升与剥露,而出露于现今的穹隆边界上。变形模拟显示,北大别穹隆构造现今为近EW轴向的背形,其上隆幅度西强东弱。北大别穹隆的形成过程表明为典型的造山带变质核杂岩。 相似文献
997.
新疆北疆地区融雪洪水灾害预警模型的建立与验证 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
结合新疆北疆地区春季融雪洪水的特点以及当地的经济、社会现状,将影响新疆春季融雪洪水灾害大小的主要因素划分为自然、经济、人口、防洪设施贡献四大类因子,对这四大类因子进一步细化,经过量化处理成为相应的指数,综合各类指数,构建出度量融雪洪水灾害大小的预警指数模型.采用呼图壁县军塘湖流域历史洪水灾害资料对该预警指数模型进行验证,得到较好的效果.通过对导致预警产生偏差的影响因素进行分析表明,由于经济因子指数的估计受主观影响较强,该模型无法验证北疆地区所有情况.随着监测的不断深入,并与积雪遥感监测相结合可以进一步提高模型的预测精度.总之,该预警模型的建立有助于新疆春季积雪的监测和评估,可以有效减少春季洪水损失,保护当地人民生命财产安全,为融雪洪水的预警提供决策依据,具有显著的社会效益和经济效益. 相似文献
998.
WANG Shiqin SONG Xianfang WANG Qinxue XIAO Guoqiang LIU Changming LIU Jianrong 《地理学报》2009,19(2):175-188
The groundwater level of 39 observation wells including 35 unconfined wells and 4 confined wells from 2004 to 2006 in North China Plain (NCP) was monitored using automatic groundwater monitoring data loggers KADEC-MIZU II of Japan. The automatic groundwater sensors were installed for the corporation project between China and Japan. Combined with the monitoring results from 2004 to 2006 with the major factors affecting the dynamic patterns of groundwater, such as topography and landform, depth of groundwater level, exploitation or discharge extent, rivers and lakes, the dynamic regions of NCP groundwater were gotten. According to the dynamic features of groundwater in NCP, six dynamic patterns of groundwater level were identified, including discharge pattern in the piedmont plain, lateral recharge– runoff–discharge pattern in the piedmont plain, recharge–discharge pattern in the central channel zone, precipitation infiltration–evaporation pattern in the shallow groundwater region of the central plain, lateral recharge–evaporation pattern in the recharge-affected area along the Yellow River and infiltration–discharge–evaporation pattern in the littoral plain. Based on this, the groundwater fluctuation features of various dynamic patterns were interpreted and the influencing factors of different dynamic patterns were compared. 相似文献
999.
1000.
B.W. Borsje M.B. de Vries T.J. Bouma G. Besio S.J.M.H. Hulscher P.M.J. Herman 《Continental Shelf Research》2009
The coastal environment shows a wide range of bed patterns, for which sandwaves and sandbanks are among the most common. Less known in this context is the high benthic diversity in the coastal environment, which gives rise to the question to what extend the benthos interacts with the shape of the seabed. This paper reviews field and flume experiments on bio-geomorphological influences between benthos and sediment and tests the hypothesis that both the occurrence and the dimensions of sandwaves are dependent on the benthic diversity in the North Sea. Mathematical inclusions to account for biological activity in idealized models reveal that biota is able to influence the wavelength of sandwaves significantly, compared to the default case. More importantly, the models indicate that biota is able to induce bed patterns under conditions when the physical parameters suggest a stable flat bed and vice versa. Present model explorations indicate that future research should focus on the parameterization of subtidal biological activity on sediment dynamics and thereby on seabed patterns. Such knowledge will enable process-based modeling of the spatial and temporal variation in biological activity on seabed morphodynamics and validate the proposed modeling approach with field measurements. 相似文献